一.產品介紹
浦(pu)江(jiang)種植(zhi)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)歷史悠(you)久(jiu),現存最早的地方(fang)志(zhi)《嘉靖浦(pu)江(jiang)志(zhi)略》卷三物產(chan)(chan)篇中(zhong)就有(you)(you)種植(zhi)“葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)”的記載。之后乾(qian)隆、光(guang)緒年間的《浦(pu)江(jiang)志(zhi)略》物產(chan)(chan)中(zhong)也(ye)均有(you)(you)浦(pu)江(jiang)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)零星(xing)栽培(pei)的記載。到民國(guo)(guo)29年(1940),《民國(guo)(guo)浦(pu)江(jiang)縣(xian)志(zhi)稿》中(zhong)全縣(xian)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)栽培(pei)面積已達十畝,產(chan)(chan)量為21擔。 近年來浦(pu)江(jiang)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)產(chan)(chan)業發展迅(xun)速(su),栽培(pei)面積超過5萬畝,年產(chan)(chan)量8萬噸,年產(chan)(chan)值6.8億元,成(cheng)為浦(pu)江(jiang)農業第一大產(chan)(chan)業,并先后獲得浙江(jiang)省(sheng)精品(pin)水(shui)果金(jin)獎、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)農業博覽會(hui)金(jin)獎、金(jin)華市精品(pin)水(shui)果會(hui)金(jin)獎,全國(guo)(guo)南方(fang)及(ji)設施(shi)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)精品(pin)大賽金(jin)獎。2013年浦(pu)江(jiang)縣(xian)還被授予“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)巨峰(feng)葡萄(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)之鄉”稱號,。
二.自(zi)然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素
(1) 地(di)理(li)(li)地(di)貌(mao):浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)地(di)處浙(zhe)江(jiang)中部(bu)(bu)(bu),隸屬(shu)金華市,距(ju)浙(zhe)江(jiang)省會(hui)杭州94公(gong)里。地(di)理(li)(li)位置(zhi)優越,地(di)貌(mao)復雜,有(you)平(ping)畈、崗(gang)地(di)、丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)和山地(di)等土地(di)類型(xing)。縣內(nei)地(di)勢西北(bei)高東南(nan)低,最高峰大(da)畈鄉朝(chao)天(tian)門(men),海(hai)拔1050米;而最低點(dian)浦(pu)(pu)陽(yang)江(jiang)江(jiang)道,海(hai)拔僅(jin)24米。西部(bu)(bu)(bu)和北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)壺(hu)源(yuan)江(jiang)兩(liang)岸多(duo)為(wei)山地(di)和丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling),其中檀溪(xi)、杭坪、虞宅等鄉鎮有(you)小(xiao)塊盆(pen)地(di)錯落;東部(bu)(bu)(bu)和南(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)亦丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)環亙;中部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)浦(pu)(pu)陽(yang)盆(pen)地(di)。浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)山巒起伏,溝壑縱橫(heng),境內(nei)河(he)流(liu)具有(you)源(yuan)短流(liu)急(ji)、河(he)床比降大(da)和徑(jing)流(liu)季(ji)節性(xing)變化(hua)明顯等山溪(xi)型(xing)特征(zheng)。縣內(nei)兩(liang)條水(shui)系浦(pu)(pu)陽(yang)江(jiang)和壺(hu)源(yuan)江(jiang),均(jun)(jun)為(wei)錢塘江(jiang)的主(zhu)要(yao)支(zhi)流(liu)。 (2) 土壤(rang)質地(di):浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)土壤(rang)屬(shu)于(yu)亞熱帶(dai)常(chang)綠闊葉林(lin)紅壤(rang)帶(dai),主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)紅壤(rang)、黃壤(rang)和紫色土為(wei)主(zhu),有(you)機質含量 2.1% -4.2%,pH值5.5 - 6.5 ,偏酸性(xing)。 (3)氣(qi)候(hou)特點(dian):浦(pu)(pu)江(jiang)屬(shu)于(yu)屬(shu)于(yu)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)區,四季(ji)分明,氣(qi)溫(wen)適中,雨量充沛,光照(zhao)充足(zu)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)17 ℃,一(yi)月最冷平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)4.7 ℃;七月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)28 ℃。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量1512毫米,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)降水(shui)日(ri)數156天(tian)。平(ping)均(jun)(jun)年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)總時(shi)數1746.3小(xiao)時(shi),年(nian)均(jun)(jun)無霜期247天(tian)。
三.地域范圍
浦(pu)江葡萄農產品地(di)理標志地(di)域保(bao)護(hu)范圍包括浦(pu)陽街(jie)道(dao)、浦(pu)南街(jie)道(dao)、仙華街(jie)道(dao)、黃宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白馬鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鄭(zheng)家塢鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鄭(zheng)宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)、巖頭鎮(zhen)(zhen),花橋、前吳、中余、檀溪、大畈、虞宅、杭坪 含(han)轄區(qu) 15個鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(街(jie)道(dao)),北(bei)至(zhi)巖頭鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)禮張村 ,東(dong)至(zhi)鄭(zheng)家塢鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)溪東(dong)村 ,南至(zhi)黃宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)陳鐵(tie)店村,西(xi)至(zhi)杭坪鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)杭坪村,地(di)理坐標為(wei)北(bei)緯29° 21′~29°41′和東(dong)經119°42′~ 120°07′之(zhi)間(jian)。2011年種植面積 2.83萬畝, 產量4.2萬噸。
四.產品品質特性(xing)特征
(1)感(gan)官特(te)(te)征:果(guo)實完整,發育充分、正(zheng)常,新鮮清潔,整齊度(du)好,具有(you)適宜市場或貯(zhu)存(cun)要求(qiu)的(de)成(cheng)熟度(du);具有(you)本(ben)(ben)品(pin)種所固有(you)的(de)形(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)和特(te)(te)征,果(guo)形(xing)(xing)整齊,果(guo)粒(li)間緊(jin)密適度(du),不易脫粒(li),無機(ji)械損傷,無霉爛、無裂果(guo)、無凍傷、無病蟲害、無刺傷、無果(guo)肉(rou)褐變;具有(you)本(ben)(ben)品(pin)種成(cheng)熟時應有(you)的(de)特(te)(te)征色澤(ze)和正(zheng)常的(de)氣味。 (2)品(pin)質指標:浦江葡萄營養價值高,果(guo)肉(rou)細脆,肉(rou)質厚,纖維少(shao);風味濃,甜酸適口,汁液豐富;可溶性固形(xing)(xing)物含量(liang)≥17.8%,總(zong)酸含量(liang)≤ 0.6% 。 (3)安全要求(qiu):浦江葡萄在生(sheng)產(chan)、貯(zhu)運、銷售過程中應嚴(yan)格執行(xing)國家農業行(xing)業標準《無公害食品(pin) 鮮食葡萄》NY5086-2002的(de)要求(qiu)。
五(wu).特定生產方(fang)式
(1) 產地(di)(di)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)與特(te)殊內(nei)容規定(ding)(ding):浦(pu)江葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)(huan)境質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)必須符合(he)《無(wu)公害食品(pin)(pin) 鮮(xian)食葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)》NY5086-2002的(de)(de)規定(ding)(ding)。生(sheng)產用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)土層深大(da)(da)(da)(da)于(yu)40 cm,結(jie)構疏(shu)(shu)松,土壤有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)≥2.3%,pH 5.5-6.5,且(qie)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)良好(hao)(hao)。 (2)栽培(pei)技術 ① 定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi):定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)溝(gou)深30~50cm,溝(gou)寬60~80cm,每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)2000kg畜肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)或商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000kg,混100kg磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)施(shi)(shi)入(ru)溝(gou)內(nei),填(tian)(tian)土整(zheng)成饅頭形(xing)栽植(zhi)(zhi)壟(long)。用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)點好(hao)(hao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)點,選(xuan)(xuan)晴(qing)天(tian)或陰天(tian)栽植(zhi)(zhi)。栽植(zhi)(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苗根向四周伸展,填(tian)(tian)土,澆透水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)80~100cm寬黑(hei)色(se)地(di)(di)膜全(quan)(quan)壟(long)條形(xing)覆蓋。并及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)開(kai)好(hao)(hao)三溝(gou):圍溝(gou)、腰溝(gou)、畦溝(gou)配套。 ② 品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)范圍與特(te)定(ding)(ding)要(yao)求(qiu):選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)適合(he)設(she)施(shi)(shi)栽培(pei)的(de)(de)巨峰、夏黑(hei)、醉(zui)金(jin)香、巨峰優株(zhu)等(deng)(deng)(deng)良種(zhong)(zhong)。供(gong)(gong)浦(pu)江葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)苗木(mu)選(xuan)(xuan)擇(ze)芽(ya)(ya)眼飽滿、粗度0.5厘米(mi)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)、生(sheng)長(chang)健壯、根系發(fa)達(da)的(de)(de)無(wu)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害苗木(mu)。栽植(zhi)(zhi)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)12月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)~次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)上(shang)(shang)旬(xun)。 ③ 設(she)施(shi)(shi):浦(pu)江葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)必須采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)避(bi)雨栽培(pei)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距2.4-6m,株(zhu)距2-10m;簡易聯(lian)體保暖小環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)距2.4~6m,株(zhu)距2-10 m。簡易標準鋼管(guan)(guan)(guan)連棟大(da)(da)(da)(da)棚(peng)(peng)(peng):矢高(gao)3.3-3.8m,肩(jian)高(gao)2.0m以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。簡易聯(lian)體保暖小環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng):頂(ding)高(gao)2.2~2.3m,行(xing)(xing)(xing)寬2.5~3m(含(han)溝(gou))。在(zai)(zai)單行(xing)(xing)(xing)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)簡易避(bi)雨小環(huan)(huan)(huan)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)基(ji)礎上(shang)(shang),整(zheng)塊地(di)(di)四周及棚(peng)(peng)(peng)間(jian)通天(tian)空氣道用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)薄(bo)膜覆蓋全(quan)(quan)封閉(bi)保暖。 ④ 整(zheng)形(xing)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian):冬季修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)在(zai)(zai)自(zi)然落葉(xie)(xie)半個(ge)(ge)月(yue)后(hou)(hou)(hou)至(zhi)(zhi)次(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)1月(yue)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)。修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)方法: 第一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3~4芽(ya)(ya)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)(zhi),選(xuan)(xuan)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1根新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)作主(zhu)干,根據(ju)架(jia)(jia)(jia)式待新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)70~150cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),再培(pei)養(yang)4個(ge)(ge)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)作為(wei)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);平(ping)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組間(jian)距1米(mi)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)。歐(ou)美雜交種(zhong)(zhong)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)一(yi)般(ban)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)中(zhong)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(5~7芽(ya)(ya))修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian),更新(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)2芽(ya)(ya)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian) 。 ⑤枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 解除(chu)(chu)(chu)休眠:萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)20~30天(tian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)5-7倍(bei)石灰氮(dan)浸出(chu)液、朵(duo)美滋、芽(ya)(ya)靈涂結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)需萌(meng)(meng)發(fa)的(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya),剪(jian)口2個(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)不(bu)涂。或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)單氰胺(an)全(quan)(quan)園噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)。 抹芽(ya)(ya)、定(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao):新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)3-4cm時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)批抹除(chu)(chu)(chu)多余的(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya);見(jian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)或5葉(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)(xin)期(qi)(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)陸續抹除(chu)(chu)(chu)多余的(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)。新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)40cm左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),雙十字(zi)V型架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)單十字(zi)飛(fei)鳥型架(jia)(jia)(jia)選(xuan)(xuan)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)按15~20cm等(deng)(deng)(deng)距離定(ding)(ding)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)綁縛在(zai)(zai)鋼絲上(shang)(shang);平(ping)棚(peng)(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia)(jia)掌握每(mei)平(ping)方米(mi)5~7條。 摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)、副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li):V形(xing)架(jia)(jia)(jia):新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)上(shang)(shang)6葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),飛(fei)鳥型架(jia)(jia)(jia):新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao) 長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)7葉(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)(xin)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)1根,長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)始花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)3-5葉(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)保果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),去(qu)除(chu)(chu)(chu)二次(ci)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao),頂(ding)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)4—5片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)再摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。棚(peng)(peng)(peng)架(jia)(jia)(jia):見(jian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)在(zai)(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)上(shang)(shang)部留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)6~8葉(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),以(yi)(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)視枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓(man)生(sheng)長(chang)情況,對(dui)(dui)強梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)再摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)1~2次(ci)。注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)在(zai)(zai)離主(zhu)干附近留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)4根營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)培(pei)養(yang)成為(wei)第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)母(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),新(xin)(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)至(zhi)(zhi)12葉(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10葉(xie)(xie)摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin),頂(ding)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)4葉(xie)(xie)連續摘(zhai)(zhai)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。上(shang)(shang)色(se)難的(de)(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)硬(ying)核(he)期(qi)(qi)摘(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)基(ji)部葉(xie)(xie)齡100天(tian)以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)葉(xie)(xie)片(pian),促(cu)進(jin)著色(se)。及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)摘(zhai)(zhai)除(chu)(chu)(chu)卷須。 ⑥ 果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) 產量(liang)(liang)(liang)指標:歐(ou)美種(zhong)(zhong)畝(mu)產量(liang)(liang)(liang)穩(wen)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)1250kg~1500kg 。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)指標:大(da)(da)(da)(da)粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)均(jun)重(zhong)12g以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),中(zhong)粒(li)(li)(li)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)平(ping)均(jun)重(zhong)10g以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),小粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li)單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)6g以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)。 定(ding)(ding)穗(sui)(sui)(sui):每(mei)一(yi)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)一(yi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui),弱(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不(bu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)籽(zi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)核(he)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與營養(yang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)按3~4:1配置。整(zheng)穗(sui)(sui)(sui):花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)3—5天(tian)掐(qia)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖(jian)和(he)(he)除(chu)(chu)(chu)副(fu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。有(you)(you)籽(zi)栽培(pei)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖(jian)10cm,每(mei)個(ge)(ge)支穗(sui)(sui)(sui)保留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)10粒(li)(li)(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)。無(wu)核(he)化處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)的(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)尖(jian)4-7cm。 疏(shu)(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)粒(li)(li)(li):中(zhong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)每(mei)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)控(kong)制40—60粒(li)(li)(li)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)、小粒(li)(li)(li)種(zhong)(zhong)留(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)80~100粒(li)(li)(li)。疏(shu)(shu)去(qu)圓粒(li)(li)(li)無(wu)籽(zi)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、瘦小、畸(ji)形(xing)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄細(xi)弱(ruo)、朝(chao)內(nei)生(sheng)長(chang)的(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。 (3)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li) ① 施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang):全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)分(fen)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)(da)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)著色(se)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)復(fu)(fu)壯肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)四次(ci),每(mei)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang):有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg,氮(dan)、磷、鉀復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg,鉀化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)30~40kg。有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)占總用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)量(liang)(liang)(liang)50%至(zhi)(zhi)60%(以(yi)(yi)N計(ji))。每(mei)年(nian)(nian)(nian)9月(yue)至(zhi)(zhi)11月(yue)施(shi)(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)羊糞等(deng)(deng)(deng)腐熟(shu)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)1000-2000kg或用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)商(shang)品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)250kg,鈣鎂磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)100kg,施(shi)(shi)入(ru)后(hou)(hou)(hou)覆土。幼年(nian)(nian)(nian)樹按“薄(bo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)勤施(shi)(shi)、少量(liang)(liang)(liang)多次(ci)”的(de)(de)原(yuan)則(ze)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)氮(dan)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),適當加(jia)施(shi)(shi)鉀肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。結(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)(da)期(qi)(qi)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg+尿素10kg或復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10-20kg,著色(se)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)硫(liu)酸鉀30kg+鈣肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10kg,以(yi)(yi)促(cu)進(jin)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)膨大(da)(da)(da)(da)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)形(xing)成;采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)畝(mu)施(shi)(shi)氮(dan)磷二元復(fu)(fu)合(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)10-15kg,以(yi)(yi)恢復(fu)(fu)樹勢(shi)。 ② 微量(liang)(liang)(liang)元素肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料施(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong):發(fa)現其(qi)它缺素癥狀的(de)(de)植(zhi)(zhi)株(zhu),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)針對(dui)(dui)性校正。 ③水(shui)(shui)(shui)分(fen)管(guan)(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)(li):萌(meng)(meng)芽(ya)(ya)前(qian)(qian)灌(guan)透水(shui)(shui)(shui),開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou)要(yao)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)以(yi)(yi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)園內(nei)土壤過干座(zuo)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)良;5~6月(yue)梅雨季節,應做好(hao)(hao)開(kai)溝(gou)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)工作,7~8月(yue)高(gao)溫干旱(han),應及時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灌(guan)溉,應注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)少量(liang)(liang)(liang)多次(ci),均(jun)勻(yun)供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。秋季控(kong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)促(cu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)提(ti)早成熟(shu),有(you)(you)利(li)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)分(fen)化。 (4)主(zhu)要(yao)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)芽(ya)(ya)絨球(qiu)期(qi)(qi),地(di)(di)面(mian)、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)架(jia)(jia)(jia)和(he)(he)芽(ya)(ya)噴(pen)鏟(chan)除(chu)(chu)(chu)劑(ji)3~5波美度石硫(liu)合(he)劑(ji)或30%機(ji)(ji)油·石硫(liu)乳劑(ji)800倍(bei),對(dui)(dui)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)黑(hei)痘(dou)病(bing)有(you)(you)特(te)效,同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)殺死越冬蟲(chong)(chong)卵。展葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi)(2葉(xie)(xie)1心(xin)(xin)(xin)期(qi)(qi))用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)聯(lian)苯菊(ju)酯防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)綠盲蝽(chun)。 8~10葉(xie)(xie)期(qi)(qi),重(zhong)點防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐(he)枯病(bing)兼防(fang)(fang)(fang)灰霉(mei)(mei)病(bing),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)70%甲基(ji)托布津(jin)或霉(mei)(mei)能(neng)靈800倍(bei)等(deng)(deng)(deng)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)。開(kai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)后(hou)(hou)(hou),重(zhong)點防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)灰霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)、穗(sui)(sui)(sui)軸褐(he)枯病(bing)、白腐病(bing)、白粉病(bing)、葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)透翅(chi)蛾和(he)(he)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)虎(hu)天(tian)牛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)前(qian)(qian)至(zhi)(zhi)初(chu)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi)噴(pen)農利(li)靈800倍(bei)或50%速克靈600倍(bei)+硼(peng)砂1000倍(bei);花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(落花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)(qi))噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)佳樂(le)1000-倍(bei)+磷酸二氫鉀500倍(bei)+20%氰戊菊(ju)酯乳劑(ji)3000倍(bei)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)套袋前(qian)(qian)重(zhong)點防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)白腐病(bing),兼防(fang)(fang)(fang)白粉病(bing)、炭疽(ju)病(bing)、霜霉(mei)(mei)病(bing)等(deng)(deng)(deng)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害,用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)保倍(bei)+抑霉(mei)(mei)唑+苯醚甲環(huan)(huan)(huan)唑處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)。 (5)鳥害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi):在(zai)(zai)5月(yue)20日(ri)左(zuo)(zuo)右(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)防(fang)(fang)(fang)鳥網對(dui)(dui)槜葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)園進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)覆蓋保護。 (6)采(cai)收(shou)及采(cai)后(hou)(hou)(hou)包(bao)裝 ① 產品(pin)(pin)采(cai)收(shou):按照(zhao)不(bu)同(tong)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)固有(you)(you)特(te)征適時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)確(que)定(ding)(ding)采(cai)收(shou)期(qi)(qi)。采(cai)收(shou)前(qian)(qian)對(dui)(dui)采(cai)收(shou)人(ren)員進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)集(ji)中(zhong)培(pei)訓,并對(dui)(dui)所用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)器具、運輸車輛(liang)、包(bao)裝物等(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)檢修(xiu)(xiu)、清(qing)洗(xi)消毒(du),確(que)保采(cai)收(shou)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)優質(zhi)、安全(quan)(quan)、無(wu)污染(ran)。收(shou)獲葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)前(qian)(qian)應達(da)到農藥安全(quan)(quan)間(jian)隔期(qi)(qi),檢驗合(he)格后(hou)(hou)(hou)方可(ke)采(cai)收(shou)。 ② 生(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)(lu):建立浦(pu)江葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產過程記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)檔案(an),記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)要(yao)準確(que)、清(qing)晰、完(wan)整(zheng)。對(dui)(dui)產品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)長(chang)地(di)(di)點、農業(ye)投(tou)入(ru)品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)情況(名稱(cheng)、來源、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)、停用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi))、生(sheng)產技術措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)、病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害發(fa)生(sheng)情況、產品(pin)(pin)收(shou)獲、銷售等(deng)(deng)(deng)項目的(de)(de)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)、方式、數量(liang)(liang)(liang)等(deng)(deng)(deng)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)詳(xiang)細(xi)的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。全(quan)(quan)面(mian)記(ji)載并妥善(shan)保存(cun),以(yi)(yi)備查閱。
六.包裝標識(shi)相關(guan)規(gui)定
(1)分級(ji)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang):按(an)果實(shi)大小和外觀(guan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進行(xing)(xing)分級(ji)。包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)器(筐(kuang)、箱、盒等(deng))要求清潔、干燥、牢(lao)固(gu)、透(tou)氣(qi)、無污染。按(an)照(zhao)同(tong)品(pin)(pin)種、同(tong)規(gui)格分別包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),每批(pi)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)其(qi)包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)規(gui)格、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應(ying)(ying)一(yi)(yi)(yi)致。 (2)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi):標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)應(ying)(ying)在(zai)其(qi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上統一(yi)(yi)(yi)使(shi)用(yong)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)容(rong)器上應(ying)(ying)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、品(pin)(pin)名(ming)、質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)級(ji)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)(di)名(ming)稱(cheng)、規(gui)格、重量(liang)(liang)(毛重、凈重)、包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)日期(qi)、經銷單位、檢(jian)測人(ren)員姓名(ming)或代號等(deng),并(bing)(bing)(bing)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)記(ji)小心輕放、怕濕、怕高(gao)溫等(deng)貯運(yun)(yun)圖示標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。 (3)運(yun)(yun)輸:運(yun)(yun)輸工具應(ying)(ying)清潔衛生(sheng),采取保持品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)措施。運(yun)(yun)輸過(guo)(guo)程中,應(ying)(ying)輕裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)輕放,防(fang)止碰撞或擠(ji)壓,并(bing)(bing)(bing)嚴(yan)防(fang)雨淋。嚴(yan)禁與(yu)有毒、有害(hai)、有異味、易污染的(de)(de)(de)(de)物品(pin)(pin)放在(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)起。 (4)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理(li)(li)(li):地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)或包裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)上使(shi)用(yong)已獲登(deng)記(ji)保護的(de)(de)(de)(de)“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi),須向登(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)持有人(ren)提出(chu)書(shu)面申(shen)請(qing),并(bing)(bing)(bing)簽訂相(xiang)關合同(tong)。“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren),要嚴(yan)格按(an)照(zhao)相(xiang)關要求來規(gui)范(fan)(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan),并(bing)(bing)(bing)統一(yi)(yi)(yi)采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注方(fang)法。“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)持有人(ren)要加強對(dui)“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)”地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)監督檢(jian)查(cha)、技(ji)術咨(zi)詢(xun)與(yu)服 務指導,并(bing)(bing)(bing)對(dui)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)加工過(guo)(guo)程、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)定期(qi)跟蹤檢(jian)查(cha),實(shi)行(xing)(xing)動態管理(li)(li)(li)。 在(zai)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)地(di)(di)(di)域(yu)(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營者,未向浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)縣相(xiang)關部門提出(chu)書(shu)面申(shen)請(qing)并(bing)(bing)(bing)獲得(de)批(pi)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不得(de)使(shi)用(yong)“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)。任何單位和個人(ren)若偽造和冒用(yong)“浦(pu)(pu)(pu)江(jiang)葡(pu)(pu)(pu)萄(tao)(tao)” 農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)和登(deng)記(ji)證書(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de),應(ying)(ying)交由相(xiang)關部門依法進行(xing)(xing)處理(li)(li)(li)。