簡介
丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)又名赤參(can),紅根(gen)等。為(wei)雙子葉植物(wu)唇形科(ke),主(zhu)產于(yu)山(shan)東、安徽、河南、陜西等地。功效:活血(xue)(xue)調經,祛瘀止痛,涼血(xue)(xue)消癰,清心除煩(fan),養血(xue)(xue)安神。丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)根(gen)據花(hua)(hua)色的(de)區別可以分為(wei)紫(zi)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)和白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can),其中白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)相對紫(zi)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can),更為(wei)稀有(you)和珍(zhen)貴,主(zhu)要(yao)產于(yu)山(shan)東地區,具(ju)有(you)非(fei)常高的(de)藥用價值(zhi),醫家一直將其視(shi)為(wei)珍(zhen)品。白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)系(xi)多(duo)年生草本植物(wu),是(shi)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)族中的(de)極品;經現代研究證明,白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)有(you)效成分是(shi)紫(zi)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)的(de)2-3倍,比紫(zi)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)多(duo)出兩種(zhong)化(hua)合物(wu)即四(si)氫丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)醌和丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)醛,相比紫(zi)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can),白(bai)(bai)花(hua)(hua)丹(dan)(dan)(dan)參(can)具(ju)有(you)更高的(de)藥用價值(zhi)。
生長環境
白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參主(zhu)要(yao)生(sheng)長(chang)在(zai)(zai)山地(di)(di)丘陵地(di)(di)帶,現(xian)主(zhu)要(yao)產(chan)于(yu)山東(dong)萊(lai)蕪,為瀕危(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)草(cao)藥。白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參于(yu)2011年獲(huo)得由國(guo)家工商總局批復的(de)國(guo)家地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)志性(xing)證明(ming)商標(biao) 。萊(lai)蕪白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參的(de)地(di)(di)域保(bao)護范(fan)圍為萊(lai)蕪區(qu)境內(nei)(nei),涵(han)蓋15個鎮(街道)56個行(xing)政村,總面積(ji)3萬畝(mu)。山東(dong)省萊(lai)蕪區(qu)地(di)(di)處泰山東(dong)麓,魯中(zhong)(zhong)腹地(di)(di),自古就(jiu)盛(sheng)產(chan)多種(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)藥材,是國(guo)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分(fen)中(zhong)(zhong)藥材重要(yao)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)(di)。萊(lai)蕪北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山區(qu)綿延幾(ji)百公里,以(yi)丘陵地(di)(di)帶為主(zhu),溪(xi)水涓流,氣候適宜,光照(zhao)充(chong)分(fen),降水量(liang)充(chong)足,砂質(zhi)土壤,水質(zhi)無污染,地(di)(di)理(li)環境和自然條件優越,是白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參理(li)想的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)之地(di)(di)。白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參十幾(ji)年前(qian),已經幾(ji)乎滅絕,只(zhi)是在(zai)(zai)山東(dong)地(di)(di)區(qu)有(you)零(ling)星分(fen)布,為保(bao)護白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參這一野生(sheng)稀有(you)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong),加(jia)快產(chan)業(ye)化研(yan)究(jiu)開發(fa),專項(xiang)成(cheng)立了(le)萊(lai)蕪泰山天然藥物(wu)研(yan)究(jiu)所,取得少(shao)量(liang)白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子,然后進(jin)行(xing)培育。基地(di)(di)設在(zai)(zai)萊(lai)蕪北(bei)部(bu)(bu)(bu)山區(qu)的(de)苗山鎮,中(zhong)(zhong)心與山東(dong)中(zhong)(zhong)醫藥大學、山東(dong)農業(ye)大學、泰山醫學院(yuan)等(deng)多家院(yuan)校建立了(le)長(chang)期(qi)合作關系,主(zhu)要(yao)是對山東(dong)特產(chan)稀有(you)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參進(jin)行(xing)系統(tong)研(yan)究(jiu),同時也為對白(bai)花(hua)丹(dan)參這一稀有(you)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)規模(mo)化和產(chan)業(ye)化進(jin)行(xing)了(le)系統(tong)的(de)研(yan)究(jiu)和實踐。
植物屬性
為(wei)(wei)多(duo)年(nian)生(sheng)草(cao)本(ben)植物,根肥厚,外面紅(hong)色。莖高(gao)40~80厘米,有長(chang)柔毛(mao)。葉常為(wei)(wei)單數羽(yu)狀,為(wei)(wei)復葉;小葉1~3對(dui),卵(luan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)橢圓狀卵(luan)形(xing)(xing),兩面有毛(mao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)為(wei)(wei)白花(hua)(hua)(hua),輪(lun)傘(san)花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,組(zu)成頂(ding)生(sheng)或(huo)腋生(sheng)假總(zong)狀花(hua)(hua)(hua)序,密生(sheng)腺毛(mao)或(huo)長(chang)柔毛(mao);苞 片披針形(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)(hua)萼(e)白色,有11條脈紋,長(chang)約(yue)11毫米,外有腺毛(mao),2唇(chun)形(xing)(xing),上(shang)唇(chun)闊三角形(xing)(xing),頂(ding)端有。3個聚(ju)合小尖頭,下唇(chun)有2齒,三角形(xing)(xing)或(huo)近半圓形(xing)(xing);花(hua)(hua)(hua)冠白色,長(chang)2~2.7厘米,筒內有毛(mao)環,上(shang)唇(chun)鐮(lian)刀形(xing)(xing),下唇(chun)短于上(shang)唇(chun),3裂,中間裂片最(zui)大(da);雄(xiong)蕊(rui)著生(sheng)下唇(chun)基(ji)部(bu)。小堅果黑(hei)色,橢圓形(xing)(xing)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)4~6月;果期(qi)7~8月。
地域范圍
萊蕪白花丹參的(de)地(di)域保護范圍為(wei)山(shan)東(dong)省萊蕪區境內。地(di)理位置(zhi)在東(dong)徑117°19′~117°58′,北緯36°02′~36°33′,主要涉及苗山(shan)、和(he)莊(zhuang)、茶(cha)葉(xie)、口鎮、雪野、大王莊(zhuang)、高莊(zhuang)、牛泉、辛(xin)莊(zhuang)、里辛(xin)、顏莊(zhuang)、黃莊(zhuang)、寨里、羊里、張家洼等15個鎮(街道(dao)),56個行政村,總面積(ji)2000公頃。