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平(ping)利絞股(gu)藍，葫蘆科絞股(gu)藍屬植物。中(zhong)(zhong)藥材(cai)品種，陜西省平(ping)利縣(xian)(xian)特產，中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)地(di)理標志產品。平(ping)利是絞股(gu)藍的(de)(de)自然分布(bu)分化中(zhong)(zhong)心，有“絞股(gu)藍故(gu)鄉”之稱(cheng)，獨(du)特的(de)(de)區域小生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境十分適宜(yi)絞股(gu)藍的(de)(de)生(sheng)長發(fa)育，是中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)開發(fa)最早、規(gui)模最大的(de)(de)絞股(gu)藍人(ren)工栽培基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)絞股(gu)藍標準化示范區。平(ping)利縣(xian)(xian)絞股(gu)藍產品以純天然、無公害和富含微量元素走俏日本、北京、廣州等市場。

種植條件

絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)被醫學界(jie)譽為東(dong)方(fang)神草、人(ren)間(jian)(jian)福(fu)音草，但其對土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)、氣(qi)(qi)候等條件要(yao)求(qiu)較(jiao)高，中國除福(fu)建、湖北、云南(nan)、四(si)川等省有(you)(you)少量(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)外，地處(chu)北亞熱帶濕潤(run)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候區(qu)的(de)(de)平利縣，由于(yu)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛，氣(qi)(qi)候溫和，日照充足，無(wu)霜期時間(jian)(jian)長，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)害物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)低，成為中國國內生(sheng)態型藥用植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)示范基地的(de)(de)最佳區(qu)域。據統計，2007年，中國國內絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)人(ren)工(gong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)約7萬畝，陜西(xi)省只有(you)(you)安(an)康(kang)市發展(zhan)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)產業，全市種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)2．8萬畝，平利占(zhan)(zhan)了2萬畝，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)面(mian)積(ji)和原料產量(liang)(liang)(liang)占(zhan)(zhan)全中國的(de)(de)35%以上(shang)，苦(ku)味絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬中國獨(du)有(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，選育(yu)的(de)(de)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)良(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)(you)效物(wu)質含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)比其他品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和區(qu)域高5個百(bai)分點，處(chu)于(yu)國際領先水平。平利縣是中國絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)的(de)(de)自然分布分化(hua)中心，在世(shi)界(jie)上(shang)已(yi)發現的(de)(de)16種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)絞(jiao)股(gu)藍(lan)(lan)屬植(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)中，該縣就占(zhan)(zhan)了7種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，其皂甙含(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)高達12.2%，理(li)化(hua)指標位(wei)居(ju)榜首。

生產情況

安(an)康自(zi)古以(yi)(yi)來(lai)就(jiu)盛(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)，歷史上(shang)被(bei)稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)之鄉”。《唐書(shu)·地理志》就(jiu)有(you)(you)金(jin)州(zhou)(zhou)杜仲、秦艽、黃(huang)(huang)柏等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)“貢品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)”的(de)(de)(de)記載。鎮(zhen)坪(ping)的(de)(de)(de)黃(huang)(huang)連(lian)、紫陽的(de)(de)(de)厚樸(pu)、嵐皋的(de)(de)(de)杜仲、平利(li)的(de)(de)(de)八仙黨(dang)參等(deng)地道中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)聞名遐邇。200多(duo)年(nian)(nian)前(qian)這里就(jiu)是“山中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)農(nong)(nong)過(guo)(guo)半，藥(yao)(yao)(yao)商(shang)絡(luo)繹不絕”。據中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)資(zi)源(yuan)普查，全(quan)市(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)草藥(yao)(yao)(yao)種類1299種，總數占全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)53%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)。屬于2000年(nian)(nian)版《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》收(shou)載的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)材(cai)290種，占《藥(yao)(yao)(yao)典(dian)》中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)藥(yao)(yao)(yao)總數的(de)(de)(de)68.4%。絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)、葛(ge)根、黃(huang)(huang)姜、黃(huang)(huang)連(lian)、當歸、杜仲、淫(yin)羊藿、葉下(xia)珠、黃(huang)(huang)柏、厚樸(pu)、麝(she)香、蜈蚣、熊(xiong)膽、桔梗、秦巴硒菇、玄參、獨活、云木香、川牛膝、豬(zhu)苓、魔芋（藥(yao)(yao)(yao)食兩用）等(deng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)居全(quan)省(sheng)(sheng)首(shou)(shou)位。自(zi)20世(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)(nian)代(dai)初開(kai)(kai)始，平利(li)縣著(zhu)手(shou)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)統研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)開(kai)(kai)發(fa)(fa)工作，先(xian)后攻克了野(ye)生馴化(hua)、無(wu)(wu)性快速繁(fan)殖、病蟲害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi)和科(ke)學采(cai)收(shou)等(deng)一(yi)系(xi)列人工栽(zai)培難題(ti)，研(yan)(yan)制出(chu)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)、飲料、藥(yao)(yao)(yao)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)等(deng)系(xi)列產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)，隨著(zhu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)加入(ru)(ru)WTO，為(wei)(wei)(wei)讓絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)打入(ru)(ru)國(guo)際市(shi)場，平利(li)縣加快了建(jian)(jian)設(she)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)第一(yi)縣的(de)(de)(de)步伐(fa)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了由縣長掛(gua)帥的(de)(de)(de)領導小組(zu)，采(cai)取公(gong)司(si)+基(ji)地+農(nong)(nong)戶的(de)(de)(de)模式(shi)，吸引安(an)康正(zheng)大(da)和北醫大(da)制藥(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)限公(gong)司(si)投資(zi)500余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，在城(cheng)關、長安(an)兩鎮(zhen)建(jian)(jian)設(she)GAP藥(yao)(yao)(yao)源(yuan)基(ji)地，扶持(chi)組(zu)建(jian)(jian)了農(nong)(nong)盛(sheng)、五和、國(guo)彩等(deng)3個(ge)(ge)(ge)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)龍頭企(qi)業(ye)(ye)和25個(ge)(ge)(ge)加工企(qi)業(ye)(ye)，實(shi)行訂單生產(chan)(chan)(chan)，建(jian)(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)2萬(wan)畝國(guo)家級絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)基(ji)地。同時(shi)，建(jian)(jian)立完善(shan)了技術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)、技術(shu)(shu)(shu)推廣和標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)監測三大(da)體系(xi)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)立了技術(shu)(shu)(shu)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)課(ke)題(ti)組(zu)，形成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了以(yi)(yi)縣絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)龍頭，縣、鎮(zhen)、村三級為(wei)(wei)(wei)紐帶的(de)(de)(de)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)推廣網絡(luo)，培育出(chu)11個(ge)(ge)(ge)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)系(xi)，起草的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)系(xi)列7項(xiang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)被(bei)發(fa)(fa)布為(wei)(wei)(wei)省(sheng)(sheng)級地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，填補了陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)執行標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)白，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)發(fa)(fa)布的(de)(de)(de)第一(yi)項(xiang)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)省(sheng)(sheng)級地方標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)。此(ci)(ci)外，他們(men)實(shi)行政(zheng)策傾斜，累計投入(ru)(ru)700多(duo)萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)扶持(chi)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)發(fa)(fa)展，召(zhao)開(kai)(kai)現(xian)場會(hui)(hui)、培訓會(hui)(hui)200余(yu)(yu)場次，培訓技術(shu)(shu)(shu)骨(gu)干(gan)、示范(fan)大(da)戶10000多(duo)人次，印發(fa)(fa)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)資(zi)料20000余(yu)(yu)份，標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)種植普及率達95%以(yi)(yi)上(shang)，創造出(chu)畝產(chan)(chan)(chan)鮮草5000公(gong)斤的(de)(de)(de)奇跡。2005年(nian)(nian)6月，“國(guo)家專利(li)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)化(hua)工程”試點基(ji)地項(xiang)目在陜西(xi)平利(li)正(zheng)式(shi)啟動，平利(li)絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)基(ji)地成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)十(shi)大(da)基(ji)地之一(yi)，該(gai)縣絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)連(lian)獲三項(xiang)殊榮：絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)示范(fan)區通過(guo)(guo)國(guo)家驗(yan)收(shou)；有(you)(you)機絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)茶(cha)獲國(guo)家認證(zheng)；絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)國(guo)家原產(chan)(chan)(chan)地域保護產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)。絞(jiao)(jiao)股(gu)(gu)(gu)藍(lan)(lan)(lan)(lan)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)以(yi)(yi)純天然、無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)和富含(han)微量(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)素走(zou)俏日本(ben)、北京、廣州(zhou)(zhou)等(deng)市(shi)場，年(nian)(nian)銷售量(liang)達500噸，實(shi)現(xian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)值4000余(yu)(yu)萬(wan)元(yuan)(yuan)，僅此(ci)(ci)一(yi)項(xiang)可(ke)為(wei)(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)民年(nian)(nian)人均(jun)增收(shou)170元(yuan)(yuan)，成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)促(cu)農(nong)(nong)增收(shou)的(de)(de)(de)新亮點，先(xian)后獲得曼谷中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)優質(zhi)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)(pin)及科(ke)技成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)設(she)備(bei)展覽會(hui)(hui)銀獎(jiang)、陜西(xi)省(sheng)(sheng)第三屆技術(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)交易洽談會(hui)(hui)金(jin)獎(jiang)、首(shou)(shou)屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)楊陵農(nong)(nong)科(ke)城(cheng)技術(shu)(shu)(shu)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)果(guo)博覽會(hui)(hui)金(jin)像(xiang)獎(jiang)。