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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)又(you)名胡麻(ma)(ma)，屬(shu)于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)科(ke)（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)屬(shu)（Linum）、普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)變種(zhong)(zhong)，學名（Linum usitatissimum L），是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本植物(wu)(wu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作物(wu)(wu)，在全國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作物(wu)(wu)中(zhong)位(wei)于油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)、花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、大(da)(da)豆之(zhi)后居(ju)(ju)第(di)4位(wei)。種(zhong)(zhong)子含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量一(yi)般為(wei)38～48％。前蘇(su)聯(lian)曾育出含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量達(da)50.9％的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味道香美，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質良好，是(shi)(shi)(shi)很好的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突出特(te)點(dian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)含有(you)(you)(you)(you)豐富的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)飽和(he)脂肪酸(suan)，能被人體(ti)充分(fen)吸收，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)因其具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)途廣，價值高(gao)(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點(dian)，故為(wei)世界各(ge)國廣泛利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)原州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)作物(wu)(wu)。 固原市原州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)位(wei)于我國黃土(tu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)原西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)，六盤山東麓，東鄰(lin)甘(gan)肅省的(de)(de)(de)環縣(xian)、鎮原縣(xian)；南接甘(gan)肅省的(de)(de)(de)平涼市和(he)寧夏的(de)(de)(de)涇(jing)源、隆德(de)兩(liang)縣(xian)；西(xi)(xi)與西(xi)(xi)吉、海(hai)原兩(liang)縣(xian)接壤(rang)；北與同心縣(xian)相連。地(di)跨東經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。現有(you)(you)(you)(you)可耕地(di)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)155.47萬畝。本區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)溫帶(dai)半干旱(han)氣(qi)(qi)候，海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年平均氣(qi)(qi)溫5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)霜期135-160天，光照(zhao)時數2400-2600小時。年降雨量350-600mm，海(hai)拔高(gao)(gao)(gao)，光照(zhao)充足，沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)工礦企業(ye)污(wu)染，土(tu)壤(rang)以黑壚土(tu)、淺(qian)黑壚土(tu)為(wei)主(zhu)，有(you)(you)(you)(you)機質含量高(gao)(gao)(gao)，富含鉀素(su)，PH值為(wei)7.8；灌溉(gai)水主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)以天然(ran)降水主(zhu)為(wei)，地(di)下水補充灌溉(gai)為(wei)輔；農(nong)(nong)(nong)民因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產資料(liao)(liao)緊缺，化(hua)(hua)肥(fei)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)量少，施用(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)經高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫發(fa)酵腐熟的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)害(hai)(hai)肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)，農(nong)(nong)(nong)田生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系統無(wu)化(hua)(hua)學污(wu)染，毒(du)害(hai)(hai)性(xing)物(wu)(wu)質積(ji)累殘留量極(ji)少，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)具(ju)備(bei)綠色無(wu)“污(wu)染”優(you)勢，是(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)適宜溫和(he)涼爽、濕潤的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期間光照(zhao)強有(you)(you)(you)(you)利(li)(li)分(fen)枝，增加蒴果和(he)促進早(zao)熟。據研究，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽實大(da)(da)約從(cong)土(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)吸收氮素(su)3.13㎏，磷(lin)素(su)0.91㎏，鉀素(su)2.12㎏，氮、磷(lin)、鉀的(de)(de)(de)吸收比(bi)例為(wei)3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)作為(wei)原州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)優(you)勢特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)作物(wu)(wu)，種(zhong)(zhong)植面(mian)(mian)積(ji)逐(zhu)年加大(da)(da)。近年來，引進寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號(hao)(hao)、寧亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號(hao)(hao)等優(you)良品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，建(jian)(jian)立健全了油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)產、供(gong)、銷生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產體(ti)系，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)(gao)達(da)45%，由于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富含亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40—60%，含有(you)(you)(you)(you)人體(ti)必需的(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基(ji)酸(suan)、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)A、E、B1和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微量元素(su)及膳食(shi)(shi)纖維(wei)等，特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)脫(tuo)色、脫(tuo)酸(suan)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良，市場價格(ge)居(ju)(ju)高(gao)(gao)(gao)不(bu)下，產品(pin)(pin)(pin)遠銷山西(xi)(xi)、陜西(xi)(xi)、新疆(jiang)等地(di)。2008年，“原州(zhou)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)”獲得農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)認定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)被認定為(wei)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)產地(di)，產品(pin)(pin)(pin)已通過(guo)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)部(bu)(bu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)(hai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)認證。2014年原州(zhou)區(qu)(qu)創建(jian)(jian)了全國油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)綠色食(shi)(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)原料(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產基(ji)地(di)。

二.自然生態環境和人(ren)文歷史因素

1、土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況：地形地貌類型復雜多樣，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以黑(hei)壚土(tu)、湘黃土(tu)為(wei)主，pH7.8左右，土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)有機質(zhi)含量1.0-1.5%，全(quan)氮含量0.021-0.111%，全(quan)磷含量0.10-0.215%全(quan)鉀含量2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)(shui)文情況：原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)境(jing)內河(he)(he)(he)(he)流主要有清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)，是黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)一(yi)條支流，發源于原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)開城鎮黑刺溝腦，由南向北流經原(yuan)(yuan)州(zhou)區(qu)、三營(ying)等(deng)城鎮，到七(qi)(qi)營(ying)鎮的(de)高崖出境(jing)，經同心、中寧入黃河(he)(he)(he)(he)。清水(shui)(shui)河(he)(he)(he)(he)上(shang)游開城至固(gu)原(yuan)(yuan)縣城一(yi)帶，河(he)(he)(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)礦化度為(wei)0.7克/升屬(shu)淡水(shui)(shui)，三營(ying)為(wei)2.6克/升，七(qi)(qi)營(ying)為(wei)6克/升。

3、氣候(hou)情況：本區屬溫帶半干旱氣候(hou)，海拔(ba)高度(du)1470-2920米，年平均氣溫5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積(ji)溫2160℃-2560℃，無霜(shuang)期135-160天，光照(zhao)時(shi)數2400-2600小時(shi)。年降雨(yu)量350-650mm，降水受地(di)形影響，自南向北(bei)(bei)隨(sui)地(di)勢降低而(er)降水逐漸(jian)減少，南北(bei)(bei)較(jiao)差300mm。亞麻主(zhu)產區主(zhu)要分布在東部(bu)干旱區、北(bei)(bei)部(bu)川區。

4、人(ren)(ren)文(wen)歷史(shi)情況：原州區在古代(dai)曾為(wei)游牧區，明代(dai)中葉(xie)以后，由于戊邊、屯墾，人(ren)(ren)口增長較快耕墾日增。晚(wan)清以來，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)業迅速擴大(da)，畜(chu)牧業相(xiang)應縮小。原州區油用(yong)亞(ya)麻種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)已(yi)有近2000年的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)歷史(shi)。油用(yong)亞(ya)麻作為(wei)食(shi)用(yong)油，以其品質優良，味香可口，深受(shou)西北、華(hua)北一帶人(ren)(ren)民的(de)喜(xi)愛。

三.地域范圍

固原(yuan)市(shi)原(yuan)州區位于我國黃土高原(yuan)西部，六盤山東麓，東鄰甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)環縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、鎮原(yuan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；南接(jie)甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)平涼市(shi)和寧夏的(de)(de)涇(jing)源、隆德兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)；西與西吉(ji)、海原(yuan)兩(liang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)接(jie)壤；北與同心縣(xian)(xian)(xian)相連。地跨東經(jing)105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。面(mian)積(ji)3505.9平方(fang)公里，現有(you)可耕地面(mian)積(ji)120666.7公頃，總(zong)生產面(mian)積(ji)6700公頃，總(zong)產量6000噸。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征(zheng)

1、外在(zai)感官特征：油(you)(you)用亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)：屬(shu)于(yu)亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)科(Linaceae)亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)屬(shu)(Linum)一(yi)年生(sheng)或多(duo)年生(sheng)草本植物(wu)。目前世(shi)界上大田生(sheng)產栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)的約有15個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而生(sheng)產上栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)最(zui)為(wei)廣泛(fan)的為(wei)普(pu)通亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在(zai)普(pu)通亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)里有五個變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)具有較廣泛(fan)的栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)(pei)(pei)價值。即(ji)：油(you)(you)用型(xing)、油(you)(you)纖兼(jian)用型(xing)、纖維(wei)用型(xing)、大粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)及半冬性多(duo)莖匍匐型(xing)，本區(qu)境(jing)內種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植油(you)(you)用型(xing)亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)，主栽(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有寧(ning)亞(ya)17號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)10號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)11號(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)16號(hao)等(deng)。在(zai)我區(qu)旱塬地帶、北部川水區(qu)大面積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，是本區(qu)主要油(you)(you)料作物(wu)之一(yi)。亞(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽呈(cheng)扁平卵形，表(biao)面亮(liang)澤，有黃、白、棕、褐等(deng)色(se)。

2、內(nei)在(zai)(zai)品質指標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)纖維(wei)(wei)有(you)(you)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)經(jing)濟價值(zhi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)副產品也有(you)(you)很(hen)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)子含(han)(han)(han)油(you)(you)(you)(you)率一般為35-40%，最高可(ke)(ke)達45%以上(shang)(shang)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)品質優良(liang)，味香可(ke)(ke)口，是(shi)西北(bei)、華北(bei)一帶人(ren)民(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)中含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)較(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)，碘值(zhi)很(hen)高，與空(kong)氣(qi)接(jie)觸容易(yi)氧化(hua)而干燥，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)干性油(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)漆(qi)、油(you)(you)(you)(you)墨、涂(tu)料(liao)、皮革、橡膠(jiao)等工(gong)(gong)業(ye)有(you)(you)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)皮內(nei)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)膠(jiao)，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合劑，在(zai)(zai)制革、食(shi)品加工(gong)(gong)、醫(yi)藥及(ji)國防上(shang)(shang)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣泛。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)是(shi)提高人(ren)們生(sheng)(sheng)活和(he)健康水平的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)綠色食(shi)品資源。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)品位較(jiao)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)，其(qi)(qi)中亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)40-60%，還含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)人(ren)體必須的(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、三種(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素（A、E、B1）和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元素以及(ji)膳食(shi)纖維(wei)(wei)等，油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽榨油(you)(you)(you)(you)后餅粕(po)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)達33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)達8.6%，無氮浸出物(wu)31.7%，纖維(wei)(wei)素7.8%，可(ke)(ke)作為牲畜(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料(liao)，也是(shi)加工(gong)(gong)配合飼(si)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)原料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)餅粕(po)含(han)(han)(han)有(you)(you)氮、磷、鉀(jia)三種(zhong)(zhong)營養成(cheng)(cheng)份，經(jing)過漚制發酵，是(shi)農(nong)作物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)優質有(you)(you)機肥料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)品種(zhong)(zhong)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)(sheng)產纖維(wei)(wei)，一般出麻(ma)(ma)率為12-15%。加工(gong)(gong)纖維(wei)(wei)時剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)屑，可(ke)(ke)以壓制纖維(wei)(wei)板，代替木料(liao)。剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)稈和(he)亂(luan)麻(ma)(ma)，是(shi)造紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)原料(liao)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)脫(tuo)粒后剩下的(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)殼和(he)秕(bi)粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)(ke)作豬飼(si)料(liao)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)中起保健功能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效成(cheng)(cheng)分是(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)，它在(zai)(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽的(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)組成(cheng)(cheng)中約占45%。研(yan)究證明a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)在(zai)(zai)人(ren)體肝臟中，在(zai)(zai)脫(tuo)飽和(he)酶和(he)鏈(lian)延長酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下，能(neng)夠生(sheng)(sheng)成(cheng)(cheng)二(er)十碳五烯(xi)(xi)酸(suan)((EPA) 和(he)二(er)十二(er)碳六烯(xi)(xi)酸(suan)(DHA)，這 就是(shi)說a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)酸(suan)既(ji)是(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)之一，又(you)是(shi)ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)其(qi)(qi)它兩個成(cheng)(cheng)員(yuan)EPA和(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)母體。因此，人(ren)體缺乏ω3型(xing)脂(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)(fang)酸(suan)，既(ji)可(ke)(ke)以直(zhi)接(jie)補(bu)充EPA和(he)DHA，也可(ke)(ke)以通過食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)來獲(huo)得。

3、安全(quan)要求：本(ben)著“預防為(wei)主，綜合防治(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)原則，綜合的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)物(wu)理(li)、農(nong)業、生(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)措施，盡(jin)量(liang)避免使(shi)(shi)用(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)，堅決杜絕(jue)高毒、高殘(can)留化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，對(dui)農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)要注意品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、用(yong)量(liang)、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)時間、使(shi)(shi)用(yong)對(dui)象及安全(quan)間隔期，以(yi)保(bao)證(zheng)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)不(bu)(bu)超標。選(xuan)用(yong)全(quan)國農(nong)技中心推薦的(de)(de)(de)(de)在無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。科學(xue)合理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)農(nong)藥(yao)，嚴格(ge)控(kong)制農(nong)藥(yao)殘(can)留不(bu)(bu)超標和(he)嚴格(ge)控(kong)制農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)安全(quan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)間隔期。對(dui)本(ben)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)采取分點、分戶抽(chou)(chou)驗的(de)(de)(de)(de)辦法， 將被(bei)抽(chou)(chou)檢(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)用(yong)塑料袋包裝(zhuang)運(yun)送(song)到有資質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)檢(jian)部門，按照NY 5306-2005《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 食用(yong)植物(wu)油》檢(jian)驗標準進行(xing)檢(jian)測。產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境符合《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境評價準則》（NY/T5295-2004）標準和(he)《無(wu)(wu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)　蔬菜產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)(de)(de)標準。

五(wu).特定生(sheng)產方式(shi)

1、產地選(xuan)擇：應選(xuan)前茬地為(wei)小(xiao)麥、豆類或(huo)蔬菜地種植，忌選(xuan)薯茬。輪(lun)作年限3年以上(shang)。入選(xuan)田塊(kuai)前作收(shou)后(hou)要適時深耕(geng)，熟化(hua)土(tu)(tu)壤，白(bai)露及時收(shou)耱，冬春打碾保墑，為(wei)播種出苗創造良好的土(tu)(tu)壤條件。

2、品種(zhong)選擇(ze)：旱地有寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)10號(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)14號(hao)(hao)；水地有寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)17號(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)11號(hao)(hao)、寧(ning)亞(ya)(ya)16號(hao)(hao)和隴亞(ya)(ya)8號(hao)(hao)。

3、生產(chan)過(guo)程管理，包括農業(ye)投入(ru)品方(fang)面的(de)特殊(shu)使用(yong)規(gui)定(ding)：適(shi)時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)(shi)間(jian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每(mei)年4月清(qing)明前后(hou)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)水(shui)(shui)地(di)采用(yong)機播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，臺地(di)采用(yong)耬播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)量為(wei)(wei)(wei)：水(shui)(shui)地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)，旱(han)(han)地(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。 田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管理： ①保全苗：在播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)精(jing)細整(zheng)地(di)，土(tu)壤表層上(shang)虛下(xia)實(shi)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)在土(tu)壤不粘結(jie)(jie)時(shi)(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鎮壓一(yi)次，墑情差(cha)時(shi)(shi)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)應立(li)即鎮壓一(yi)次，這對出苗有(you)十(shi)分重要的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)遇雨(yu)，幼苗尚未出土(tu)，土(tu)層形成(cheng)板結(jie)(jie)層，要及時(shi)(shi)用(yong)釘耙實(shi)行(xing)橫向破(po)除，防(fang)止幼苗窩黃不出苗。 ②中(zhong)耕(geng)鋤草：確保土(tu)壤濕度良好和(he)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)清(qing)潔無雜草。苗高6-9cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次鋤草；苗高12-15cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次鋤草。 ③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)管理：亞麻(ma)出苗后(hou)30天(tian)（5月20日左右）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)一(yi)次灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)，結(jie)(jie)合灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)；孕蕾(lei)期（5月下(xia)旬-6月上(shang)旬）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第(di)二次灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)，特別干旱(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)應在子粒形成(cheng)期灌(guan)第(di)三水(shui)(shui)。旱(han)(han)地(di)在此期間(jian)看下(xia)雨(yu)狀況追(zhui)施(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素(su)為(wei)(wei)(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)。 合理施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)采用(yong)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)相結(jie)(jie)合，以(yi)無機促有(you)機，以(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)治薄，以(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)調水(shui)(shui)，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料是胡麻(ma)均衡增產(chan)的(de)關鍵性措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。在施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)上(shang)以(yi)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料為(wei)(wei)(wei)主。一(yi)般旱(han)(han)地(di)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，碳(tan)銨(an)255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，普(pu)磷(lin)240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)；水(shui)(shui)地(di)秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，普(pu)磷(lin)402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)，碳(tan)銨(an)426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)。在未秋(qiu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)田(tian)(tian)塊應采用(yong)先施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)。 病(bing)(bing)蟲害防(fang)治： 我區常見的(de)病(bing)(bing)害主要是枯(ku)萎病(bing)(bing)、立(li)枯(ku)病(bing)(bing)。蟲害有(you)黑絨金龜甲。農事操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)防(fang)治一(yi)般采用(yong)輪作(zuo)(zuo)倒(dao)茬(cha)3年以(yi)上(shang)、深耕(geng)翻曬、拔除田(tian)(tian)間(jian)病(bing)(bing)株(zhu)、選用(yong)抗(kang)病(bing)(bing)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等農業(ye)措施(shi)(shi)(shi)。

4、及時收獲：當亞麻上部葉片(pian)黃萎，下(xia)部葉片(pian)脫(tuo)落，莖稈和(he)75%蒴果變(bian)黃色，種子變(bian)硬時即可收獲。過早成熟不夠影響產量；過晚蒴果易(yi)爆裂(lie)，且種皮變(bian)厚(hou)，降低出(chu)油率(lv)。

5、生產記錄要求：真實、準確(que)記錄油用亞(ya)麻(ma)從選地到收獲的生產全過程。

六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關規定

1、分級(ji)：一級(ji)：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)(shui)、雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)）36.0%，水(shui)(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)3.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常(chang)。二(er)級(ji)：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)(shui)、雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)）35.0%，水(shui)(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)4.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常(chang)。 三級(ji)：含(han)油(you)量(liang)（以(yi)標(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)(shui)、雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)計(ji)）34.0%，水(shui)(shui)分9.0，雜(za)(za)質(zhi)(zhi)5.0，色澤(ze)，氣(qi)味正常(chang)。

2、包裝(zhuang)：包裝(zhuang)使(shi)用麻袋(dai)時應符合(he) GB8115要求。每(mei)一(yi)包裝(zhuang)件必須(xu)是同(tong)一(yi)品種(zhong)、同(tong)一(yi)品質、同(tong)等級的(de)。包裝(zhuang)容器應符合(he)衛生要求，清(qing)潔干燥，無毒、無異(yi)味(wei)。保證(zheng)適合(he)運輸(shu)和儲存(cun)。

3、標(biao)(biao)識：符合農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)規定(ding)。還應在包裝(zhuang)外部印刷、粘貼或(huo)吊掛(gua)商品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應清晰、不易脫落或(huo)褪色(se)。商品(pin)(pin)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應注(zhu)明以下(xia)內容： ——農產品(pin)(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)名稱、品(pin)(pin)種； ——產地(di)、生產者名稱、地(di)址、商標(biao)(biao)； ——包裝(zhuang)規格、凈重、等級； ——包裝(zhuang)日期、質檢(jian)人代號。

4、儲(chu)藏：亞麻籽的儲(chu)存按照中華人民共和國原商(shang)業(ye)部《糧(liang)油(you)儲(chu)藏技術規(gui)范》的規(gui)定執行(xing)。

5、運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)：亞(ya)麻(ma)籽的(de)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)按照中華人(ren)民共和(he)國原商業部糧油(you)運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)中《關(guan)于(yu)執(zhi)行國家(jia)糧油(you)標準有關(guan)問題(ti)》的(de)規定執(zhi)行。運(yun)(yun)輸(shu)工具應清潔衛生，有防雨(yu)和(he)通風(feng)設施(shi)。