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一.產品介紹

油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)又名(ming)胡麻(ma)(ma)(ma)，屬(shu)于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)科（Linaceae）、亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)屬(shu)（Linum）、普(pu)通亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一個變種(zhong)，學(xue)名(ming)（Linum usitatissimum L），是(shi)一年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben)植物(wu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)一種(zhong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)(liao)作物(wu)，在全國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)(liao)作物(wu)中(zhong)位(wei)于油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菜(cai)、花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、大豆之后居(ju)第4位(wei)。種(zhong)子(zi)含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量一般為(wei)38～48％。前(qian)蘇聯曾育出(chu)含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)量達(da)50.9％的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)新品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)味道香美，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)質(zhi)良(liang)(liang)(liang)好(hao)，是(shi)很好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)食用(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其突出(chu)特(te)(te)點(dian)是(shi)含有(you)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不(bu)飽(bao)和脂肪酸，能(neng)被人體充分吸收，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)因其具有(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)廣，價值高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點(dian)，故為(wei)世界各(ge)國(guo)廣泛(fan)利用(yong)(yong)(yong)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)也是(shi)原州(zhou)區(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)(liao)(liao)作物(wu)。 固(gu)原市(shi)原州(zhou)區(qu)位(wei)于我國(guo)黃土高(gao)(gao)原西(xi)部，六(liu)盤山(shan)東(dong)麓(lu)，東(dong)鄰甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)環縣(xian)、鎮(zhen)原縣(xian)；南接(jie)甘肅(su)省(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)涼市(shi)和寧(ning)(ning)夏的(de)(de)(de)(de)涇源、隆德兩縣(xian)；西(xi)與(yu)西(xi)吉、海原兩縣(xian)接(jie)壤；北與(yu)同心縣(xian)相(xiang)連。地(di)(di)跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北緯35°34′-36°38′。現有(you)可(ke)耕地(di)(di)面積155.47萬畝(mu)。本(ben)區(qu)屬(shu)溫(wen)帶半干旱氣候(hou)，海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)度1470-2920米，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣溫(wen)5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫(wen)2160℃-2560℃，無霜期135-160天，光(guang)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)2400-2600小時(shi)。年(nian)(nian)降雨量350-600mm，海拔(ba)高(gao)(gao)，光(guang)照(zhao)充足，沒有(you)工礦企業污染，土壤以(yi)黑壚土、淺黑壚土為(wei)主(zhu)，有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含量高(gao)(gao)，富(fu)含鉀(jia)素，PH值為(wei)7.8；灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)水主(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)天然降水主(zhu)為(wei)，地(di)(di)下水補充灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)輔；農(nong)(nong)民因生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)資料(liao)(liao)(liao)緊缺，化肥和農(nong)(nong)藥施用(yong)(yong)(yong)量少(shao)，施用(yong)(yong)(yong)農(nong)(nong)家肥都是(shi)經高(gao)(gao)溫(wen)發酵(jiao)腐熟(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)無害(hai)肥料(liao)(liao)(liao)，農(nong)(nong)田(tian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)系(xi)統無化學(xue)污染，毒害(hai)性物(wu)質(zhi)積累(lei)殘留量極少(shao)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)具備綠(lv)色無“污染”優(you)勢，是(shi)理(li)想的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)適宜溫(wen)和涼爽、濕潤的(de)(de)(de)(de)氣候(hou)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育期間(jian)光(guang)照(zhao)強有(you)利分枝，增加蒴果和促進(jin)(jin)早熟(shu)。據研(yan)究，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)50㎏油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)籽實大約(yue)從土壤中(zhong)吸收氮素3.13㎏，磷(lin)素0.91㎏，鉀(jia)素2.12㎏，氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收比(bi)例為(wei)3：1：2。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)作為(wei)原州(zhou)區(qu)主(zhu)要(yao)優(you)勢特(te)(te)色農(nong)(nong)作物(wu)，種(zhong)植面積逐年(nian)(nian)加大。近(jin)年(nian)(nian)來，引進(jin)(jin)寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)17號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)10號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)11號、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)16號等(deng)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)，建立健全了油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)產(chan)、供、銷生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)體系(xi)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)出(chu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率高(gao)(gao)達(da)45%，由于亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)富(fu)含亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸16.7%，a—亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)酸40—60%，含有(you)人體必需的(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)氨基(ji)酸、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素A、E、B1和8種(zhong)微量元素及膳食纖(xian)維(wei)等(deng)，特(te)(te)別是(shi)脫(tuo)色、脫(tuo)酸油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，市(shi)場價格(ge)居(ju)高(gao)(gao)不(bu)下，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)遠銷山(shan)西(xi)、陜西(xi)、新疆等(deng)地(di)(di)。2008年(nian)(nian)，“原州(zhou)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)”獲得(de)農(nong)(nong)業部地(di)(di)理(li)標志認(ren)定，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)植基(ji)地(di)(di)被認(ren)定為(wei)無公害(hai)產(chan)地(di)(di)，產(chan)品(pin)(pin)已(yi)通過農(nong)(nong)業部油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)無公害(hai)農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證。2014年(nian)(nian)原州(zhou)區(qu)創建了全國(guo)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)綠(lv)色食品(pin)(pin)原料(liao)(liao)(liao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)(di)。

二.自然(ran)生態(tai)環境和(he)人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤地貌情況：地形地貌類型復雜多樣，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤以(yi)黑壚(lu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、湘(xiang)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)為主，pH7.8左右，土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)1.0-1.5%，全(quan)氮含量(liang)0.021-0.111%，全(quan)磷含量(liang)0.10-0.215%全(quan)鉀含量(liang)2.19-2.53%。

2、水(shui)文情(qing)況：原州區境(jing)內河流(liu)主(zhu)要(yao)有清水(shui)河，是黃河的(de)一(yi)條支流(liu)，發源(yuan)于原州區開城鎮(zhen)黑刺溝腦，由(you)南向北流(liu)經原州區、三營(ying)等城鎮(zhen)，到七(qi)營(ying)鎮(zhen)的(de)高(gao)崖出(chu)境(jing)，經同心、中寧入(ru)黃河。清水(shui)河上游開城至固原縣(xian)城一(yi)帶，河水(shui)礦(kuang)化度為(wei)(wei)0.7克/升(sheng)屬淡水(shui)，三營(ying)為(wei)(wei)2.6克/升(sheng)，七(qi)營(ying)為(wei)(wei)6克/升(sheng)。

3、氣(qi)候(hou)情況：本區(qu)屬溫帶半干(gan)旱(han)(han)氣(qi)候(hou)，海拔(ba)高度(du)1470-2920米(mi)，年平均氣(qi)溫5.7℃-7.5℃，≥10℃積溫2160℃-2560℃，無(wu)霜期135-160天，光照時數(shu)2400-2600小時。年降雨量350-650mm，降水受(shou)地(di)形影響，自南向北(bei)隨地(di)勢降低而(er)降水逐漸減少，南北(bei)較(jiao)差300mm。亞麻主產區(qu)主要分(fen)布(bu)在東(dong)部干(gan)旱(han)(han)區(qu)、北(bei)部川區(qu)。

4、人文歷史情況：原州區(qu)在古代曾為游牧區(qu)，明代中葉以后，由(you)于(yu)戊邊、屯墾(ken)，人口(kou)增(zeng)長較快耕(geng)墾(ken)日(ri)增(zeng)。晚清以來，種植業迅(xun)速擴大，畜牧業相應(ying)縮小。原州區(qu)油用亞(ya)麻種植已有近2000年的種植歷史。油用亞(ya)麻作為食用油，以其品質優(you)良，味香可口(kou)，深受西北、華北一帶人民的喜愛。

三.地域范圍

固原(yuan)市原(yuan)州(zhou)區位(wei)于(yu)我國黃土(tu)高原(yuan)西(xi)部，六(liu)盤山東(dong)麓(lu)，東(dong)鄰甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省的環縣、鎮原(yuan)縣；南接甘(gan)肅(su)(su)省的平涼市和(he)寧夏的涇源、隆德兩(liang)縣；西(xi)與西(xi)吉、海原(yuan)兩(liang)縣接壤；北(bei)與同(tong)心縣相連。地跨東(dong)經105°58′-106°30′，北(bei)緯(wei)35°34′-36°38′。面(mian)(mian)積(ji)3505.9平方公(gong)里，現有(you)可耕地面(mian)(mian)積(ji)120666.7公(gong)頃，總生(sheng)產(chan)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)6700公(gong)頃，總產(chan)量6000噸。

四(si).產(chan)品品質特性(xing)特征

1、外在(zai)感官(guan)特征：油用(yong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)：屬于亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)科(Linaceae)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)屬(Linum)一年生或多(duo)年生草本植物。目前世界上大田生產栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培的約有(you)15個種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和亞(ya)(ya)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而生產上栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培最(zui)為廣泛(fan)(fan)的為普(pu)通(tong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(Linum Usitatissimum) ，在(zai)普(pu)通(tong)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)里有(you)五個變種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類型(xing)具有(you)較廣泛(fan)(fan)的栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培價值。即：油用(yong)型(xing)、油纖兼用(yong)型(xing)、纖維用(yong)型(xing)、大粒種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)型(xing)及(ji)半(ban)冬性多(duo)莖(jing)匍(pu)匐型(xing)，本區(qu)(qu)境內(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植油用(yong)型(xing)亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)，主(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)17號(hao)、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)10號(hao)、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)11號(hao)、寧(ning)(ning)亞(ya)(ya)16號(hao)等。在(zai)我區(qu)(qu)旱(han)塬地帶、北部(bu)川(chuan)水區(qu)(qu)大面(mian)積種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植，是本區(qu)(qu)主(zhu)要油料(liao)作(zuo)物之一。亞(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)籽呈扁平卵形，表面(mian)亮澤，有(you)黃、白(bai)、棕、褐等色。

2、內在(zai)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質指(zhi)標：油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子和(he)纖(xian)維(wei)有很(hen)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)經濟價值，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副產品(pin)(pin)(pin)也有很(hen)多用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子含油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)率一般(ban)為(wei)35-40%，最高(gao)(gao)可(ke)(ke)達45%以上。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質優(you)良(liang)，味香可(ke)(ke)口，是(shi)西北(bei)、華北(bei)一帶人(ren)民的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you) 用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)含有較(jiao)(jiao)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不飽(bao)和(he)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，碘(dian)值很(hen)高(gao)(gao)，與(yu)空(kong)氣(qi)接觸容(rong)易氧化而干(gan)燥，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)很(hen)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)性油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)漆(qi)、油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)墨、涂料、皮革、橡膠等(deng)工業有廣(guang)泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途(tu)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)皮內含有6-10%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)膠，是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)粘合劑，在(zai)制(zhi)革、食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)加工、醫藥及(ji)國(guo)防上應(ying)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)廣(guang)泛。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)是(shi)提高(gao)(gao)人(ren)們生(sheng)活和(he)健(jian)(jian)康(kang)水(shui)平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要綠色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)資(zi)源(yuan)。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)是(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)位較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)16.7%，a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)40-60%，還(huan)含有人(ren)體必須(xu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)氨基酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)、三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)維(wei)生(sheng)素（A、E、B1）和(he)8種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)元素以及(ji)膳(shan)食(shi)纖(xian)維(wei)等(deng)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽(zi)榨(zha)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)后餅粕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蛋白質含量(liang)達33.3%，脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)含量(liang)達8.6%，無(wu)氮(dan)浸出(chu)物(wu)31.7%，纖(xian)維(wei)素7.8%，可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)牲畜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)料，也是(shi)加工配(pei)合飼(si)料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)要原料。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)餅粕含有氮(dan)、磷(lin)、鉀三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)養(yang)成份，經過漚制(zhi)發酵(jiao)，是(shi)農(nong)作(zuo)物(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)質有機(ji)肥料。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、纖(xian)兼用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)品(pin)(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈可(ke)(ke)生(sheng)產纖(xian)維(wei)，一般(ban)出(chu)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)率為(wei)12-15%。加工纖(xian)維(wei)時剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)屑(xie)，可(ke)(ke)以壓(ya)制(zhi)纖(xian)維(wei)板，代替木料。剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)稈和(he)亂麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)，是(shi)造紙的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)好(hao)原料。油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)脫粒后剩下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)殼和(he)秕粒，俗稱“油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)衣”，可(ke)(ke)作(zuo)豬飼(si)料。 油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)保(bao)健(jian)(jian)功能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有效成分是(shi)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，它在(zai)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)籽(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)組成中(zhong)(zhong)約占45%。研究證(zheng)明a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)在(zai)人(ren)體肝臟中(zhong)(zhong)，在(zai)脫飽(bao)和(he)酶和(he)鏈延長(chang)酶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)下(xia)，能夠生(sheng)成二(er)十碳(tan)五烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)((EPA) 和(he)二(er)十二(er)碳(tan)六(liu)烯(xi)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)(DHA)，這 就(jiu)是(shi)說(shuo)a-亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)既是(shi)ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成員之一，又是(shi)ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)其(qi)它兩個成員EPA和(he)DHA的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)母(mu)體。因此，人(ren)體缺乏(fa)ω3型脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)肪(fang)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，既可(ke)(ke)以直接補充EPA和(he)DHA，也可(ke)(ke)以通過食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)麻(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)(ma)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)來獲(huo)得(de)。

3、安全要求：本(ben)著(zhu)“預防(fang)為主，綜合(he)防(fang)治”的(de)(de)原則(ze)，綜合(he)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)物理、農(nong)(nong)業、生(sheng)物防(fang)治措施，盡量避免使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，堅決杜(du)絕(jue)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)，對(dui)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)要注意(yi)品(pin)種、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)時間(jian)(jian)、使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)對(dui)象及安全間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期，以保證化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)不(bu)超(chao)標(biao)(biao)。選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)全國農(nong)(nong)技(ji)中心推薦(jian)的(de)(de)在無公(gong)害農(nong)(nong)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)品(pin)種。科(ke)學合(he)理的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)化學農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)，嚴格控(kong)制農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殘留不(bu)超(chao)標(biao)(biao)和嚴格控(kong)制農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)安全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)間(jian)(jian)隔(ge)期。對(dui)本(ben)產(chan)(chan)地的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)采取分點(dian)、分戶抽(chou)驗的(de)(de)辦法， 將被抽(chou)檢(jian)的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)用(yong)(yong)(yong)塑料袋包(bao)裝(zhuang)運送到(dao)有資(zi)質(zhi)的(de)(de)質(zhi)檢(jian)部門，按(an)照NY 5306-2005《無公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 食(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物油》檢(jian)驗標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)進行檢(jian)測。產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境符合(he)《無公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin) 產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境評價準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》（NY/T5295-2004）標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)和《無公(gong)害食(shi)品(pin)　蔬(shu)菜(cai)產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境條件》（NY/T5010-2002）的(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)。

五.特定生產(chan)方式

1、產地(di)選擇(ze)：應選前(qian)茬地(di)為小麥(mai)、豆(dou)類或蔬菜地(di)種(zhong)植(zhi)，忌選薯茬。輪作年限3年以上。入選田塊前(qian)作收(shou)(shou)后要適時深(shen)耕，熟化土壤，白露及時收(shou)(shou)耱，冬春(chun)打碾保(bao)墑(di)，為播種(zhong)出(chu)苗創(chuang)造良好的土壤條件(jian)。

2、品(pin)種選擇：旱(han)地(di)有寧(ning)亞(ya)10號、寧(ning)亞(ya)14號；水地(di)有寧(ning)亞(ya)17號、寧(ning)亞(ya)11號、寧(ning)亞(ya)16號和隴亞(ya)8號。

3、生產過程(cheng)管理(li)，包(bao)括農(nong)業投入品(pin)方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)特(te)殊使用(yong)(yong)規定：適時(shi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)：種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)為(wei)每(mei)年4月清(qing)明前后(hou)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)法(fa)水(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)機(ji)播，臺地(di)(di)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)耬播。播量為(wei)：水(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)為(wei)150-225公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)，旱(han)地(di)(di)為(wei)60-75公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)。 田間(jian)(jian)(jian)管理(li)： ①保全(quan)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)：在(zai)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)要求精細(xi)整地(di)(di)，土(tu)壤表層(ceng)上虛下實。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)在(zai)土(tu)壤不粘結(jie)(jie)時(shi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)鎮壓一(yi)(yi)(yi)次，墑(di)情(qing)差時(shi)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)應(ying)立(li)即鎮壓一(yi)(yi)(yi)次，這(zhe)對出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)有(you)十分重要的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)遇雨(yu)(yu)，幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)尚未出土(tu)，土(tu)層(ceng)形成板結(jie)(jie)層(ceng)，要及時(shi)用(yong)(yong)釘耙實行(xing)橫向破除，防止幼苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)窩(wo)黃不出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。 ②中(zhong)耕鋤草(cao)：確保土(tu)壤濕度良好和田間(jian)(jian)(jian)清(qing)潔無雜草(cao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)6-9cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次鋤草(cao)；苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)高(gao)12-15cm進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第二(er)次鋤草(cao)。 ③肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管理(li)：亞麻(ma)(ma)出苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)30天（5月20日左右）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第一(yi)(yi)(yi)次灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，結(jie)(jie)合灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素75-150公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)；孕(yun)蕾期（5月下旬-6月上旬）進(jin)(jin)行(xing)第二(er)次灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)，特(te)別(bie)干(gan)旱(han)時(shi)應(ying)在(zai)子粒形成期灌(guan)第三(san)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。旱(han)地(di)(di)在(zai)此期間(jian)(jian)(jian)看下雨(yu)(yu)狀況追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿(niao)素為(wei)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)。 合理(li)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)： 施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)基肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)相結(jie)(jie)合，以(yi)無機(ji)促有(you)機(ji)，以(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)治薄(bo)，以(yi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)調水(shui)(shui)(shui)，增施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)是胡麻(ma)(ma)均衡增產的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)性措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)方(fang)法(fa)上以(yi)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料(liao)為(wei)主(zhu)。一(yi)(yi)(yi)般旱(han)地(di)(di)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)15000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨255公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷240公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)；水(shui)(shui)(shui)地(di)(di)秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)每(mei)公(gong)(gong)(gong)頃(qing)(qing)(qing)45000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，普磷402公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)，碳銨426公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。在(zai)未秋施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)田塊應(ying)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)先施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)后(hou)播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法(fa)。 病蟲害(hai)防治： 我區常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)病害(hai)主(zhu)要是枯萎病、立(li)枯病。蟲害(hai)有(you)黑(hei)絨(rong)金龜甲。農(nong)事操(cao)作(zuo)防治一(yi)(yi)(yi)般采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)輪作(zuo)倒茬3年以(yi)上、深(shen)耕翻曬(shai)、拔(ba)除田間(jian)(jian)(jian)病株、選用(yong)(yong)抗病品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)農(nong)業措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。

4、及時收獲：當亞(ya)麻(ma)上部(bu)葉片黃萎，下部(bu)葉片脫(tuo)落，莖稈和(he)75%蒴(shuo)果(guo)變黃色，種子變硬時即可收獲。過早成(cheng)熟不夠(gou)影響產量；過晚蒴(shuo)果(guo)易爆裂，且種皮變厚，降低出(chu)油率。

5、生產(chan)(chan)記錄要求：真實(shi)、準確(que)記錄油用亞麻從選地到收獲(huo)的生產(chan)(chan)全過程。

六.包裝標識相(xiang)關規定

1、分級(ji)：一(yi)級(ji)：含油量（以標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）36.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)3.0，色澤，氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)正常(chang)。二級(ji)：含油量（以標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）35.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)4.0，色澤，氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)正常(chang)。 三級(ji)：含油量（以標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)水(shui)、雜(za)質(zhi)計）34.0%，水(shui)分9.0，雜(za)質(zhi)5.0，色澤，氣(qi)(qi)味(wei)正常(chang)。

2、包(bao)裝(zhuang)：包(bao)裝(zhuang)使用麻(ma)袋時(shi)應符合 GB8115要求。每一(yi)包(bao)裝(zhuang)件(jian)必(bi)須(xu)是同一(yi)品種、同一(yi)品質、同等級的。包(bao)裝(zhuang)容(rong)器應符合衛生要求，清潔干燥，無毒、無異味。保證適合運輸和儲(chu)存。

3、標(biao)(biao)(biao)識：符合農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)注(zhu)規定。還應在(zai)包(bao)裝外部印刷、粘(zhan)貼或(huo)吊掛商品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)，標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應清晰、不易(yi)脫落或(huo)褪色(se)。商品(pin)標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)應注(zhu)明以下內容： ——農產品(pin)地(di)理標(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)名稱(cheng)、品(pin)種； ——產地(di)、生產者(zhe)名稱(cheng)、地(di)址、商標(biao)(biao)(biao)； ——包(bao)裝規格(ge)、凈(jing)重、等級(ji)； ——包(bao)裝日期、質檢人代號。

4、儲藏：亞麻籽的儲存按照(zhao)中(zhong)華人民共和(he)國原商業部(bu)《糧油(you)儲藏技術規范》的規定執行。

5、運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)：亞麻籽的運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)按照中(zhong)華(hua)人民共和(he)國原(yuan)商(shang)業(ye)部糧油(you)運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)中(zhong)《關于(yu)執行(xing)國家糧油(you)標準有關問題》的規定執行(xing)。運(yun)輸(shu)(shu)工具應清潔衛生，有防雨和(he)通風設施。