石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)是自然界中(zhong)(zhong)分布很(hen)廣的(de)一種巖石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)的(de)主要(yao)成分是碳酸鈣，在(zai)陶(tao)瓷(ci)中(zhong)(zhong)主要(yao)用作(zuo)高溫釉的(de)助熔劑。我國歷代(dai)名(ming)窯所創制(zhi)的(de)千百個(ge)不同品種的(de)高溫釉都(dou)離不開(kai)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)量用做建筑材(cai)料(liao)，也是(shi)許多工業的重要原(yuan)料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)可直接加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和(he)燒(shao)制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和(he)熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸(xi)潮或加(jia)水就成(cheng)(cheng)為熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經調配成(cheng)(cheng)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等，用作涂裝材(cai)料(liao)和(he)磚(zhuan)瓦(wa)粘合劑。水泥是(shi)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)粘土等混(hun)合，經高溫煅燒(shao)制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)。玻璃由石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純堿等混(hun)合，經高溫熔融(rong)制(zhi)(zhi)得(de)(de)。

煉(lian)鐵用石灰石作熔劑，除去脈石。煉(lian)鋼用生石灰做造渣材料(liao)，除去硫、磷等有害雜質(zhi)。

電(dian)石(shi)是生石(shi)灰(hui)與焦炭在電(dian)爐(lu)里反應(ying)制得(de)。純(chun)堿是用石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)、食鹽(yan)、氨等(deng)原料(liao)經(jing)過多步反應(ying)制得(de)。利(li)用消石(shi)灰(hui)和純(chun)堿反應(ying)制成燒堿。利(li)用純(chun)凈的(de)(de)消石(shi)灰(hui)和氯(lv)氣反應(ying)制得(de)漂白的(de)(de)。利(li)用石(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)的(de)(de)化學加工制成氯(lv)化鈣、硝酸(suan)鈣、亞(ya)硫(liu)酸(suan)鈣等(deng)重要(yao)鈣鹽(yan)等(deng)。

生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)用(yong)作(zuo)干燥劑(ji)和(he)消毒劑(ji)。農業上，用(yong)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)配制石(shi)灰(hui)硫黃合劑(ji)、波爾多液(ye)等(deng)農藥。土壤(rang)中施用(yong)熟石(shi)灰(hui)可中和(he)土壤(rang)的酸性(xing)、改善土壤(rang)的結構、供給植(zhi)物所需的鈣(gai)素。用(yong)石(shi)灰(hui)漿刷(shua)樹干，可保護(hu)樹木。