石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)是(shi)自(zi)然界(jie)中分布很廣(guang)的一種巖石(shi)(shi)，石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)的主要成(cheng)分是(shi)碳酸(suan)鈣，在陶瓷中主要用作高(gao)溫釉(you)的助熔劑。我國歷代(dai)名窯所創(chuang)制(zhi)的千百個不(bu)同品(pin)種的高(gao)溫釉(you)都離(li)不(bu)開石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)。

石灰石的用途

石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)量用做(zuo)建筑(zhu)材(cai)料(liao)，也是許多工業的重要原料(liao)。石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)可(ke)直接加工成石(shi)(shi)(shi)料(liao)和燒制成生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)有生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)和熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)。生石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)吸(xi)潮或加水(shui)就成為熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)，熟石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)經(jing)調配成石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)漿、石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)膏等(deng)，用作(zuo)涂裝(zhuang)材(cai)料(liao)和磚瓦粘(zhan)合劑。水(shui)泥(ni)是由石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)和粘(zhan)土等(deng)混合，經(jing)高(gao)溫(wen)煅燒制得。玻璃(li)由石(shi)(shi)(shi)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、石(shi)(shi)(shi)英砂、純(chun)堿等(deng)混合，經(jing)高(gao)溫(wen)熔融制得。

煉鐵用(yong)石灰石作熔劑，除去(qu)脈石。煉鋼用(yong)生石灰做造渣材(cai)料，除去(qu)硫、磷等有害雜質。

電(dian)(dian)石(shi)(shi)是生石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)與(yu)焦炭在(zai)電(dian)(dian)爐里反應(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)得(de)。純堿是用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)、食鹽、氨等原料(liao)經(jing)過多步反應(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)得(de)。利用(yong)消石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)(he)純堿反應(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)成燒堿。利用(yong)純凈的消石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)和(he)(he)氯(lv)氣反應(ying)(ying)(ying)制(zhi)得(de)漂白的。利用(yong)石(shi)(shi)灰(hui)石(shi)(shi)的化學加工制(zhi)成氯(lv)化鈣(gai)、硝酸鈣(gai)、亞硫酸鈣(gai)等重要鈣(gai)鹽等。

生(sheng)石灰用作干燥劑(ji)和消毒劑(ji)。農業上，用生(sheng)石灰配(pei)制石灰硫黃合劑(ji)、波(bo)爾多液(ye)等農藥。土(tu)(tu)壤中施(shi)用熟石灰可中和土(tu)(tu)壤的酸性、改善土(tu)(tu)壤的結構、供給植(zhi)物(wu)所需(xu)的鈣(gai)素。用石灰漿刷樹干，可保護(hu)樹木。