建(jian)(jian)窯(yao),宋代(dai)名窯(yao)之(zhi)一,亦稱“建(jian)(jian)安窯(yao)”、“烏(wu)泥窯(yao)”,分布在南平建(jian)(jian)陽水吉窯(yao)、南平茶洋(yang)窯(yao)、武(wu)夷(yi)山遇林亭窯(yao),三(san)處窯(yao)址統稱建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)系。以燒(shao)黑釉瓷聞名于(yu)世。小碗(wan)最多,胎骨(gu)烏(wu)泥色,釉面(mian)多條狀結晶紋(wen),細如兔毛,稱“兔毫(hao)(hao)盞”。也有(you)燒(shao)成“鷓鴣斑(ban)”,“銀星斑(ban)”的,別(bie)致美(mei)觀。釉下(xia)毫(hao)(hao)紋(wen),是利用酸性釉料所后成的酸化(hua)痕跡作裝飾,因建(jian)(jian)窯(yao)瓷皆(jie)仰燒(shao),釉水下(xia)垂,成品口(kou)緣釉色淺(qian)。由于(yu)器壁斜度(du)不同,流(liu)速(su)快,成纖(xian)細毫(hao)(hao)紋(wen),流(liu)速(su)稍(shao)慢則粗(cu),就成兔毫(hao)(hao)之(zhi)狀。有(you)的器底,刻有(you)“供御”和“進”琖(zhan)等字樣,為貢瓷。
建窯所產的黑釉“建盞”影響十分廣(guang)泛,深(shen)受日、韓、臺等(deng)地區茶道的重(zhong)視(shi)。其中,“曜變天(tian)目”、“油滴建盞”等(deng)南(nan)宋曠世珍品被日本視(shi)為國(guo)寶級文物,飲譽四方。
圖示(shi)兔毫茶碗文(wen)獻(xian)記載:建盞(zhan)生(sheng)產創燒于(yu)晚唐五代(dai)時期(qi),興(xing)盛于(yu)兩宋,元代(dai)中后期(qi)趨于(yu)衰落,明(ming)代(dai)停燒。數(shu)百年來(lai),“建盞(zhan)”的(de)恢復和(he)研究(jiu),一(yi)直(zhi)為(wei)陶瓷界所關注、研究(jiu)者所追(zhui)求。1979年開始,離休干(gan)部栗(li)金旺領著(zhu)女婿(xu)孫(sun)建興(xing)和(he)女兒栗(li)云及(ji)外孫(sun)女孫(sun)莉(li),運(yun)用(yong)現代(dai)科學(xue)技(ji)術與傳統技(ji)藝(yi)相結合,歷經艱辛,不懈探(tan)索,分析(xi)了數(shu)千片建盞(zhan)殘(can)片的(de)燒成(cheng)規(gui)律,經過數(shu)萬(wan)次坯釉配方調試,以及(ji)數(shu)千次燒成(cheng)工藝(yi)的(de)改進,來(lai)努(nu)力提高制品成(cheng)功率。試制出兔毫、油滴、曜變等系(xi)列建盞(zhan),恢復了建窯系(xi)列傳統技(ji)藝(yi),終于(yu)使失傳的(de)“建窯建盞(zhan)”系(xi)技(ji)藝(yi)復原,重現人間,讓國之瑰寶重煥光彩。
2008年以來,星辰、建(jian)窯兩(liang)所向(xiang)國家(jia)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)部、省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)廳申報研制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)發掘的“建(jian)窯建(jian)盞(zhan)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(燒制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi))技(ji)藝(yi)”,分別于(yu)2009年5月、被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)第三批省(sheng)(sheng)級(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)名(ming)錄。栗金旺、孫建(jian)興入(ru)(ru)選福建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)第二(er)批非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)項目(mu)(mu)代(dai)表性(xing)傳承人名(ming)單福建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)廳授予“南平市(shi)星辰天目(mu)(mu)陶瓷研究所”(建(jian)窯建(jian)盞(zhan)燒制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)技(ji)藝(yi))為福建(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)第一批非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)產(chan)性(xing)保護示范基(ji)地。2011年5月被(bei)列(lie)入(ru)(ru)國家(jia)級(ji)非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)名(ming)錄,孫建(jian)興入(ru)(ru)選國家(jia)級(ji)第四(si)批非(fei)物(wu)(wu)質(zhi)文(wen)(wen)化(hua)(hua)遺(yi)產(chan)項目(mu)(mu)代(dai)表性(xing)傳承人名(ming)單。
在(zai)歷(li)史(shi)上,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)以(yi)黑(hei)釉(you)(you)瓷器(qi)著(zhu)(zhu)稱(cheng)。依據釉(you)(you)面紋理的不(bu)同,建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)瓷大(da)致可(ke)(ke)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)烏金、兔毫、油滴、鷓鴣斑(ban)、曜變和雜(za)色(se)六大(da)類。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)瓷中(zhong)(zhong)碗類占絕大(da)多數,宋(song)代(dai)文(wen)獻(xian)稱(cheng)之(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“甌”或“盞”,俗稱(cheng)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞。其胎質(zhi)厚(hou)實堅硬(ying),截(jie)面呈黑(hei)色(se)或灰黑(hei)、黑(hei)褐色(se),叩擊(ji)可(ke)(ke)聞金屬之(zhi)聲。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞大(da)多口大(da)底(di)小、形如漏斗,多為(wei)(wei)(wei)淺圈足,足根多見修刀(dao)。其造(zao)型(xing)古(gu)樸渾厚(hou),手感壓(ya)沉,從形態上可(ke)(ke)以(yi)分為(wei)(wei)(wei)敞(chang)口、撇口、斂口和束(shu)口四類。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞都用(yong)正燒,因(yin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)黑(hei)釉(you)(you)普遍釉(you)(you)汁肥(fei)厚(hou),為(wei)(wei)(wei)避免在(zai)燒制(zhi)過程中(zhong)(zhong)底(di)部發生(sheng)粘連(lian),其外壁多施(shi)半釉(you)(you),且(qie)口沿釉(you)(you)層較薄,而器(qi)內(nei)底(di)聚(ju)釉(you)(you)較厚(hou)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞對(dui)土壤有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)嚴(yan)格要(yao)求。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)所以(yi)會誕生(sheng)在(zai)閩(min)北(bei)(bei),是因(yin)為(wei)(wei)(wei)閩(min)北(bei)(bei)有(you)著(zhu)(zhu)得天獨厚(hou)的資源(yuan),建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)所產(chan)(chan)的黑(hei)釉(you)(you)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞”,就是采(cai)用(yong)閩(min)北(bei)(bei)地產(chan)(chan)含鐵質(zhi)較多的紅、黃壤土等粉碎加工后制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)。建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞的傳統手工制(zhi)作技(ji)藝流程,要(yao)經過選瓷礦、瓷礦粉碎、淘洗(xi)、配料、陳腐、練泥(ni)、揉泥(ni)、拉(la)(la)(la)坯(pi)、修坯(pi)、素燒、上釉(you)(you)、裝窯(yao)(yao)(yao)、焙燒等13道工序。“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞”的制(zhi)坯(pi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing),是采(cai)用(yong)手工拉(la)(la)(la)坯(pi)成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)的。將雙(shuang)手將泥(ni)拉(la)(la)(la)成(cheng)(cheng)器(qi)坯(pi),要(yao)成(cheng)(cheng)足在(zai)胸,一氣呵(he)成(cheng)(cheng)。靈(ling)活運用(yong),推、拉(la)(la)(la)、收、放等手法(fa),在(zai)準確適度的內(nei)外兩(liang)個力的調合(he)中(zhong)(zhong),找(zhao)到器(qi)壁最佳形式成(cheng)(cheng)型(xing)。
宋時建窯產出的(de)(de)(de)黑釉(you)(you)(you)(you)瓷(ci)(ci)產品,主要以(yi)曜變(bian)、金(jin)兔毫、銀兔毫、油(you)滴、鷓鴣斑紋為(wei)主。“建盞”是(shi)在(zai)窯內高溫焙(bei)燒的(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程中,通過(guo)火(huo)的(de)(de)(de)藝術,使釉(you)(you)(you)(you)面產生各種自然奇特的(de)(de)(de)斑紋。在(zai)古時,這些斑紋人工(gong)難(nan)以(yi)控制,形成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)各種變(bian)幻莫(mo)測的(de)(de)(de)釉(you)(you)(you)(you)色,讓人感覺象宇宙星(xing)空的(de)(de)(de)景(jing)色,精美(mei)絕倫,給人以(yi)質樸、典雅的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)感。屬于(yu)我國古代結(jie)晶藝術釉(you)(you)(you)(you),是(shi)宋時建窯的(de)(de)(de)杰出成(cheng)就。有(you)關專家(jia)認為(wei),南平(ping)市星(xing)辰(chen)天目(mu)(mu)陶瓷(ci)(ci)研(yan)究(jiu)所(suo)燒制出以(yi)往所(suo)沒(mei)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)天目(mu)(mu)瓷(ci)(ci),其制作(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)建盞,在(zai)器形、釉(you)(you)(you)(you)色和本質結(jie)構上均達(da)到“形似、神似 、質似”的(de)(de)(de)藝術水平(ping)。
由于這類結晶釉在(zai)窯爐高(gao)溫中易變,難以控(kong)制(zhi),加上(shang)氧(yang)化(hua)(hua)鐵(tie)含量(liang)高(gao)的(de)坯體難以承受高(gao)溫變化(hua)(hua),要燒(shao)制(zhi)一件(jian)外(wai)觀(guan)沒有缺陷的(de),又具有美(mei)麗(li)斑(ban)(ban)紋的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是很困難的(de),即使運用(yong)現代(dai)科技手(shou)段所產(chan)出(chu)(chu)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),成品(pin)幾率(lv)低(di),優秀的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)在(zai)市(shi)面(mian)上(shang)更少。其中曜變盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)斑(ban)(ban)紋光(guang)(guang)彩奪目,異常絢麗(li),在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)中最為(wei)珍貴。在(zai)當時(shi)人(ren)工傳統燒(shao)制(zhi)幾千萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)中,才能偶然(ran)得到一兩件(jian)曜變斑(ban)(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。燒(shao)制(zhi)上(shang)百萬(wan)(wan)件(jian)中,得到一兩件(jian)油滴(di)(di)斑(ban)(ban)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),“目前世界上(shang)僅(jin)存(cun)的(de)三(san)件(jian)曜變斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),分別珍藏在(zai)日本(ben)靜嘉堂文庫、藤(teng)田美(mei)術館和龍光(guang)(guang)院,被該國視為(wei)國寶。據公元1511年出(chu)(chu)版的(de)日本(ben)《君臺(tai)觀(guan)左右賬記(ji)》史冊里記(ji)載:曜變斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)乃無上(shang)神品(pin),值(zhi)萬(wan)(wan)匹絹(juan);油滴(di)(di)斑(ban)(ban)建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是第二重寶,值(zhi)五千匹絹(juan);兔(tu)毫盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)值(zhi)三(san)千匹絹(juan)。從這里不難看出(chu)(chu),建(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)燒(shao)制(zhi)出(chu)(chu)的(de)黑釉碗盞(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan),其價(jia)值(zhi)高(gao)得令人(ren)瞠目。”
建(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)的工藝特點(dian)表(biao)明(ming),燒(shao)成(cheng)一件完(wan)美作品,必(bi)然伴(ban)隨著大(da)量(liang)的廢品和次品,從我們走進古窯遺(yi)址,就會看(kan)到那(nei)漫山遍野地瓷片,說(shuo)明(ming)了宋代建(jian)(jian)窯藝人,要燒(shao)制難(nan)度(du)大(da),成(cheng)功率低的茶(cha)(cha)碗,是因流行(xing)于(yu)宋代的斗茶(cha)(cha)文化藝術(shu),也(ye)充分說(shuo)明(ming)了建(jian)(jian)窯的歷史與斗茶(cha)(cha)歷史息息相(xiang)關。
作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)我國瓷(ci)壇(tan)明珠的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan),自元(yuan)代(dai)初中(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)以后(hou)卻逐(zhu)漸被歷(li)史的(de)塵土所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)掩(yan)埋,一(yi)(yi)度陷入(ru)沉(chen)寂。為(wei)使失(shi)傳(chuan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)茶盞(zhan)重見人(ren)間(jian),栗(li)(li)金旺(wang)、孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)和栗(li)(li)云及孫(sun)(sun)莉一(yi)(yi)家(jia)三(san)代(dai)人(ren),歷(li)經(jing)三(san)十多年(nian)的(de)努力,在(zai)原(yuan)有研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)黑釉(you)(you)、金(銀)兔毫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)傳(chuan)統風格(ge)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上,不(bu)斷創新(xin)和發(fa)(fa)展。陸續(xu)挖掘研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)出建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)黃(紅(hong)、藍、虹彩)兔毫、金(銀、紅(hong)、藍、虹彩)油滴(di)、國寶油滴(di)(星(xing))建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)、白點(dian)(藍點(dian)、黑點(dian)、銀點(dian)、虹彩)鷓鴣(gu)斑、曜變(bian)(bian)(bian)、異(yi)毫、毫變(bian)(bian)(bian)、窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)、黃天(tian)(tian)目、蓼(liao)冷汁(zhi)、灰被、金(銀)彩文字天(tian)(tian)目、鐵繡(xiu)斑、木葉、玳瑁(mao)、柿紅(hong)釉(you)(you)等(deng)三(san)十種(zhong)(zhong)系列(lie)(lie)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin),經(jing)國家(jia)、省(sheng)(sheng)級專(zhuan)家(jia)組(zu)織評審檢測分析和鑒定(ding),主(zhu)要(yao)性能(neng)指標均(jun)達到國際國內(nei)領先和國際先進水平(ping)。這些拙樸雋永、形神(shen)兼備的(de)仿(fang)宋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)產品(pin)(pin),無論胎釉(you)(you)、造型、花紋都可(ke)與(yu)古建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)相媲美(mei)(mei)(mei),再現(xian)(xian)了(le)(le)千年(nian)古窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)之(zhi)盞(zhan)的(de)藝(yi)術魅(mei)力。孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing),曾為(wei)德化(hua)紅(hong)旗瓷(ci)廠配方試(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術員,后(hou)進入(ru)西(xi)北(bei)輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)學院(yuan)陶(tao)瓷(ci)專(zhuan)業(ye)(ye)(現(xian)(xian)為(wei)陜(shan)西(xi)科(ke)技(ji)(ji)(ji)大學)學習,為(wei)恢(hui)復(fu)與(yu)挖掘我國宋代(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),1979年(nian),借調(diao)福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),參加由中(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)工(gong)藝(yi)美(mei)(mei)(mei)術學院(yuan)、福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)組(zu)織恢(hui)復(fu)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)兔毫釉(you)(you))科(ke)研(yan)(yan)組(zu),主(zhu)要(yao)負責配方和工(gong)藝(yi),經(jing)過(guo)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)的(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)試(shi)(shi)驗,初步(bu)試(shi)(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)出仿(fang)宋建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兔毫盞(zhan)。這期(qi)間(jian),孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)認(ren)識(shi)了(le)(le)在(zai)福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)省(sheng)(sheng)輕(qing)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)的(de)栗(li)(li)云。為(wei)了(le)(le)全(quan)面地恢(hui)復(fu)失(shi)傳(chuan)的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),1981年(nian),孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)栗(li)(li)云夫妻(qi)先后(hou)從省(sheng)(sheng)城調(diao)到閩北(bei)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)之(zhi)余,他們在(zai)幫助建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽燒制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)兔毫盞(zhan)、油滴(di)的(de)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)上,1982年(nian),幫助南(nan)平(ping)陶(tao)瓷(ci)廠仿(fang)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)燒出油滴(di)盞(zhan),該制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)品(pin)(pin)經(jing)有關專(zhuan)家(jia)鑒定(ding),確認(ren)是(shi)成功的(de)。為(wei)了(le)(le)更全(quan)面、系統地挖掘建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),1991年(nian),孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)岳(yue)父栗(li)(li)金旺(wang)領頭創辦(ban)了(le)(le)民營科(ke)研(yan)(yan)機構—福建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)南(nan)平(ping)星(xing)辰天(tian)(tian)目陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),任(ren)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)長,2008年(nian),孫(sun)(sun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)興(xing)與(yu)岳(yue)父栗(li)(li)金旺(wang)、妻(qi)子(zi)栗(li)(li)云以及女兒孫(sun)(sun)莉創辦(ban)了(le)(le)南(nan)平(ping)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo),一(yi)(yi)家(jia)三(san)代(dai)人(ren)投入(ru)到系列(lie)(lie)“建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)”的(de)研(yan)(yan)發(fa)(fa)中(zhong)(zhong),使建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)的(de)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi)得(de)(de)以完善并傳(chuan)承、發(fa)(fa)展。孫(sun)(sun)莉受家(jia)庭(ting)環境(jing)薫陶(tao),大學畢業(ye)(ye)后(hou)跟著外公和父母癡迷于建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)科(ke)研(yan)(yan)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。用近10年(nian)的(de)青(qing)春時光與(yu)泥相伴,現(xian)(xian)已掌握了(le)(le)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)曜變(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)成型及燒成技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi),作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)‘油滴(di)天(tian)(tian)球瓶’入(ru)選中(zhong)(zhong)國第二屆新(xin)秀陶(tao)藝(yi)家(jia)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin)雙年(nian)展。2008年(nian),孫(sun)(sun)莉擔(dan)任(ren)了(le)(le)南(nan)平(ping)市建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)陽建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)窯(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)陶(tao)瓷(ci)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)長。她覺得(de)(de)“通過(guo)努力地去(qu)塑造著自己所(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)(suo)希望的(de)完美(mei)(mei)(mei)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan),不(bu)斷地在(zai)實踐中(zhong)(zhong),去(qu)提高技(ji)(ji)(ji)藝(yi)水平(ping)而(er)得(de)(de)到的(de)那(nei)種(zhong)(zhong)成就感,是(shi)最快樂(le)的(de)事情了(le)(le)。”現(xian)(xian)今(jin),她的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)盞(zhan)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)品(pin)(pin),分別在(zai)國家(jia)、省(sheng)(sheng)級有關會議及參展上,獲得(de)(de)金獎,銀、銅獎和優秀獎,并獲國家(jia)專(zhuan)利(li)兩項(xiang)。 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隨著人民生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)水平的不斷提高(gao),人們對精神文(wen)化生(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)的需(xu)求越迫切,建(jian)(jian)盞文(wen)化重新被人們所(suo)認識。日本人把中國(guo)的飲茶(cha)習俗發(fa)展成(cheng)其(qi)獨(du)有(you)的茶(cha)道文(wen)化,長期以來,優秀的建(jian)(jian)盞,是日本國(guo)上層階級所(suo)珍藏(zang)和使用的寶物。如今,武夷茶(cha)正(zheng)強勁崛起,建(jian)(jian)盞與(yu)茶(cha)緊密結合,必將也(ye)隨之興盛。
一(yi)只質(zhi)樸、典雅的(de)(de)“建(jian)盞(zhan)”就是充分利用了釉料(liao)的(de)(de)材質(zhi),把固有(you)的(de)(de)潛在的(de)(de)美(mei)表現出來,它(ta)所(suo)給(gei)予人們的(de)(de)不僅是大自然和(he)(he)宇宙的(de)(de)壯觀美(mei),還有(you)視覺和(he)(he)觸覺所(suo)不能覺察到(dao)的(de)(de),一(yi)種靠心(xin)靈才能感受到(dao)的(de)(de)美(mei)。建(jian)窯(yao)建(jian)盞(zhan)的(de)(de)制(zhi)作工藝,將(jiang)流暢、簡煉、實(shi)用的(de)(de)造型、精光內蘊的(de)(de)釉色和(he)(he)匠心(xin)獨到(dao)的(de)(de)斑紋(wen)和(he)(he)諧地統一(yi)于建(jian)窯(yao)珍品中,使之無庸置疑地屹立于中國古代(dai)黑釉瓷制(zhi)造的(de)(de)巔(dian)峰,成為一(yi)朵富(fu)有(you)詩意(yi)的(de)(de)瓷壇奇葩。
“建窯(yao)建盞(zhan)”是我(wo)國古代(dai)(dai)黑釉(you)瓷的巔峰之作(zuo),對(dui)其技藝的保護、傳(chuan)承與發展有著重(zhong)要(yao)的現(xian)實意義(yi)。它對(dui)認識我(wo)國悠久(jiu)的歷史(shi)文(wen)明,促進我(wo)國對(dui)外交流,弘揚(yang)中華(hua)民族傳(chuan)統文(wen)化都(dou)有著無可替代(dai)(dai)的重(zhong)要(yao)作(zuo)用(yong)。
2011年3至(zhi)5月,一家三代傳承人(ren)受福(fu)建(jian)(jian)省非(fei)物質文化(hua)遺(yi)產博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)苑特(te)邀,舉辦了“建(jian)(jian)窯建(jian)(jian)盞燒制技藝成果展”。當我們走(zou)進(jin)非(fei)遺(yi)博(bo)覽(lan)(lan)苑,靜靜品(pin)味建(jian)(jian)窯建(jian)(jian)盞的(de)科技含量、文化(hua)底蘊(yun)和藝術魅力,將會為這鳥語(yu)花香的(de)光陰倍添一份(fen)春情春趣。
2016年3月22日下(xia)午,“天(tian)工(gong)開物——非物質文化遺產全國精(jing)品(pin)(pin)邀(yao)請展(zhan)(zhan)”在上(shang)海灘(tan)大美(mei)術(shu)館盛大開幕(展(zhan)(zhan)期(qi)從3月22日持續至4月15日),“不為(wei)”建(jian)盞(zhan)作為(wei)建(jian)窯(yao)建(jian)盞(zhan)燒制技(ji)藝受邀(yao)參(can)加本次(ci)展(zhan)(zhan)覽。此次(ci)展(zhan)(zhan)覽匯(hui)聚五湖四海著名(ming)非遺技(ji)藝及其傳(chuan)承人,向觀眾展(zhan)(zhan)現全國非遺精(jing)品(pin)(pin)。