項(xiang)目序號(hao):1414
項目編(bian)號:Ⅲ-142
公布時(shi)間:2021(第五批)
類別:傳統舞蹈
所屬地區(qu):甘肅省
類型:新增項目
申報地(di)區或單(dan)位:甘肅省(sheng)定(ding)西市隴西縣
保護單位:甘肅省(sheng)隴西縣文化館
作為(wei)(wei)一種古(gu)老的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)(jian)藝(yi)術(shu),云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)起源與演(yan)(yan)變(bian),無確切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)文(wen)字記載。從形(xing)式(shi)(shi)上(shang)看(kan),朝山(shan)隊所(suo)執的(de)(de)(de)(de)八(ba)面(mian)大旗(qi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)(tu)案是(shi)龍、獅(shi)、虎、豹、日(ri)月、星辰、朱雀和(he)玄武,云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)、清(qing)光傘和(he)巨幡上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)花紋圖(tu)(tu)案皆為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)太極(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)、云頭環(huan),所(suo)著服飾也為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家仙童打扮;而在隊伍(wu)后面(mian),卻高樹一尊釋迦牟尼佛像。從舞蹈動作看(kan),是(shi)以(yi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西部特(te)有的(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)間(jian)(jian)單(dan)手(shou)鞭(bian)桿和(he)雙(shuang)手(shou)鞭(bian)桿之武術(shu)套(tao)路演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而來(lai),剛(gang)柔相濟,力勢并舉。從表(biao)演(yan)(yan)內容看(kan),民(min)間(jian)(jian)資料表(biao)明,早先云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)(yan)要(yao)分大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三(san)組(zu),至少應由64人組(zu)成八(ba)八(ba)六十(shi)四卦(gua)之圖(tu)(tu)形(xing),表(biao)演(yan)(yan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨旗(qi)幡的(de)(de)(de)(de)指引(yin),不斷變(bian)幻為(wei)(wei)陰陽(yang)(yang)五(wu)行和(he)八(ba)卦(gua)太極(ji)(ji)圖(tu)(tu)勢,以(yi)求(qiu)神祈雨(yu)。改編后民(min)間(jian)(jian)云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)僅由8人組(zu)成,顯然完不成以(yi)上(shang)龐雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)內容。從嗩吶(na)吹奏(zou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲(qu)看(kan),是(shi)典型的(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間(jian)(jian)五(wu)聲調式(shi)(shi),且與道(dao)教及其活動音(yin)樂(le)旋(xuan)律極(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)接近。由此可(ke)以(yi)看(kan)出,隴西民(min)間(jian)(jian)朝山(shan)隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),既有道(dao)教內容,也含佛教成份,且在“浴佛節”演(yan)(yan)出,這是(shi)由隴西地(di)區(qu)民(min)間(jian)(jian)信仰中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佛道(dao)交融的(de)(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史(shi)形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)(de)。 “云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)”這一稱謂(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)由來(lai),亦無文(wen)字記載。但從制作樣式(shi)(shi)和(he)敲擊方式(shi)(shi)看(kan),似從古(gu)代(dai)(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)演(yan)(yan)變(bian)而來(lai)。古(gu)代(dai)(dai)樂(le)隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),掌拍(pai)擊樂(le)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)“拍(pai)板(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)之記載,最早見于公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)3-5世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)魏晉時(shi)代(dai)(dai),以(yi)后漸為(wei)(wei)詳盡(jin)。木板(ban)數目,歷代(dai)(dai)不等:公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)7-10世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(唐代(dai)(dai))10余(yu)片(pian)(pian),公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)10-13世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)時(shi)(宋代(dai)(dai)時(shi))6片(pian)(pian),公(gong)元(yuan)(yuan)14-17世(shi)(shi)紀(ji)(明代(dai)(dai))時(shi)4片(pian)(pian)。福建(jian)南(nan)音(yin)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也使(shi)用4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)。其他戲曲(qu)樂(le)隊中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban),已逐漸變(bian)為(wei)(wei)3片(pian)(pian),改雙(shuang)手(shou)握持(chi)對擊為(wei)(wei)單(dan)手(shou)拍(pai)擊,俗稱“牙子”。道(dao)教中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也稱“陰陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)”,說敲擊它能呼(hu)風喚雨(yu),法力無邊。那么(me),隴西云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)既然為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家所(suo)創,其名(ming)稱很可(ke)能由“陰陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)”演(yan)(yan)變(bian)為(wei)(wei)“云陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)”。
隴西云陽(yang)板(ban)的(de)(de)道具(ju)傳說由(you)國(guo)(guo)舅所持法(fa)寶“云陽(yang)板(ban)”演(yan)變而來。板(ban)長約三尺,寬二寸五,4片(pian)為(wei)一副,內(nei)貫銅(tong)錢,裝飾有精美圖案,拍擊脆響,是表演(yan)者手(shou)持的(de)(de)道具(ju)。每(mei)年農歷四月初八,隴西仁壽(shou)山都要舉行(xing)萬人(ren)朝山盛(sheng)會(hui),云陽(yang)板(ban)舞便是朝山廟會(hui)的(de)(de)主要內(nei)容。后經提煉改編,云陽(yang)板(ban)舞已演(yan)變成(cheng)為(wei)人(ren)民群眾(zhong)期望(wang)風(feng)調雨順、國(guo)(guo)泰民安(an)和祝福吉(ji)祥如(ru)意良好(hao)愿(yuan)望(wang)的(de)(de)一種(zhong)民間舞蹈藝術。
后來(lai),隴西(xi)縣對(dui)云陽板(ban)舞蹈進行了挖掘整(zheng)理(li),重新演(yan)練,并組成了100多人(ren)的隴西(xi)云陽板(ban)演(yan)出隊,為廣大(da)群眾(zhong)獻(xian)演(yan),多次(ci)參加國家(jia)和地方的重大(da)活動。改編(bian)后的隴西(xi)云陽板(ban)繼承了單手(shou)鞭桿(gan)、雙手(shou)鞭桿(gan)、撲手(shou)亮相(xiang)(xiang)、小(xiao)刀花翻身、飛(fei)腳(jiao)臥(wo)魚、吸(xi)腿深海(hai)、交(jiao)叉對(dui)板(ban)、展翅(chi)占步、各自(zi)擊(ji)板(ban)、互相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)板(ban)和繞身轉板(ban)等傳(chuan)統云陽板(ban)舞蹈的動作和步法,表現(xian)了黃土高(gao)原民(min)間舞蹈的風(feng)采。全部舞蹈由祈雨(yu)、豐(feng)(feng)收和歡慶三篇組成。祈雨(yu)篇表現(xian)了勞動人(ren)民(min)希望風(feng)調(diao)雨(yu)順的美好愿(yuan)望,再現(xian)了人(ren)民(min)群眾(zhong)辛勤耕(geng)耘(yun)、引(yin)水(shui)灌溉、克(ke)服困(kun)難的情景;豐(feng)(feng)收篇表現(xian)了勞動人(ren)民(min)用勤勞和智(zhi)慧(hui)換來(lai)的金(jin)色豐(feng)(feng)收;歡慶篇展現(xian)了隴原兒女祝(zhu)福的壯美圖畫(hua)。
2011年(nian)3月(yue)16日,甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)定西(xi)(xi)市隴(long)西(xi)(xi)縣申報的隴(long)西(xi)(xi)云陽板(ban)甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)人民政(zheng)府批準列入甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)(sheng)第三批非物(wu)質文化遺產。遺產編(bian)號:Ⅲ-5。
2021年5月24日,甘肅省定西市隴西縣申報(bao)的隴西云陽(yang)板(ban)經國務院批準列(lie)入第五(wu)批國家(jia)級非物(wu)質文化遺(yi)產代表性項目名錄。遺(yi)產編(bian)號:Ⅲ-142。