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相關項目

項目(mu)序號：1414

項目編號(hao)：Ⅲ-142

公布時間：2021(第(di)五批(pi))

類別：傳統舞蹈

所屬地(di)區：甘肅省

類型：新增項目

申報地區或單(dan)位：甘肅省定西市隴西縣

保護(hu)單(dan)位：甘肅(su)省隴西縣文化館

歷史溯源

作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)一種古老的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間藝術(shu)，云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)起源與(yu)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)，無(wu)確切(qie)的(de)(de)(de)文字(zi)記載。從(cong)(cong)形(xing)式(shi)上看(kan)，朝山隊(dui)所執的(de)(de)(de)八面大旗上的(de)(de)(de)圖(tu)案是龍、獅、虎、豹(bao)、日月、星辰、朱雀和(he)(he)玄武，云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)、清(qing)光(guang)傘和(he)(he)巨幡上的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)紋圖(tu)案皆為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家(jia)(jia)特有的(de)(de)(de)太極(ji)圖(tu)、云(yun)(yun)(yun)頭環，所著服飾也(ye)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家(jia)(jia)仙童打(da)扮；而在(zai)隊(dui)伍后(hou)面，卻高樹一尊釋迦牟尼佛像。從(cong)(cong)舞蹈動作(zuo)看(kan)，是以中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國西(xi)部特有的(de)(de)(de)民(min)間單手(shou)鞭桿和(he)(he)雙手(shou)鞭桿之武術(shu)套路演(yan)變(bian)(bian)而來，剛柔相濟，力勢并舉。從(cong)(cong)表(biao)演(yan)內容看(kan)，民(min)間資料表(biao)明，早(zao)先云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)的(de)(de)(de)表(biao)演(yan)要分(fen)大、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三組，至少應由(you)(you)64人(ren)組成八八六(liu)十四卦之圖(tu)形(xing)，表(biao)演(yan)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)旗幡的(de)(de)(de)指引(yin)，不斷(duan)變(bian)(bian)幻為(wei)(wei)陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)五行和(he)(he)八卦太極(ji)圖(tu)勢，以求(qiu)神祈雨。改編后(hou)民(min)間云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)僅(jin)由(you)(you)8人(ren)組成，顯然(ran)(ran)完不成以上龐雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)內容。從(cong)(cong)嗩(suo)吶吹奏的(de)(de)(de)樂(le)曲看(kan)，是典型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國民(min)間五聲調式(shi)，且(qie)與(yu)道(dao)教(jiao)及其活動音樂(le)旋律極(ji)為(wei)(wei)接近。由(you)(you)此可(ke)以看(kan)出，隴西(xi)民(min)間朝山隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，既有道(dao)教(jiao)內容，也(ye)含佛教(jiao)成份(fen)，且(qie)在(zai)“浴佛節”演(yan)出，這(zhe)是由(you)(you)隴西(xi)地區民(min)間信仰(yang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)佛道(dao)交融的(de)(de)(de)悠久歷史形(xing)成的(de)(de)(de)。 “云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)”這(zhe)一稱謂的(de)(de)(de)由(you)(you)來，亦無(wu)文字(zi)記載。但從(cong)(cong)制作(zuo)樣式(shi)和(he)(he)敲(qiao)擊方式(shi)看(kan)，似從(cong)(cong)古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)拍(pai)板(ban)演(yan)變(bian)(bian)而來。古代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)樂(le)隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，掌拍(pai)擊樂(le)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)叫“拍(pai)板(ban)”。拍(pai)板(ban)之記載，最早(zao)見于公元(yuan)3-5世(shi)紀(ji)時魏晉時代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)，以后(hou)漸為(wei)(wei)詳盡。木板(ban)數(shu)目，歷代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)不等(deng)：公元(yuan)7-10世(shi)紀(ji)時（唐代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)）10余片(pian)(pian)，公元(yuan)10-13世(shi)紀(ji)時（宋代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)時）6片(pian)(pian)，公元(yuan)14-17世(shi)紀(ji)（明代(dai)(dai)(dai)(dai)）時4片(pian)(pian)。福建(jian)南(nan)音中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)使(shi)用(yong)4片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)。其他戲曲樂(le)隊(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)拍(pai)板(ban)，已逐(zhu)漸變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)3片(pian)(pian)，改雙手(shou)握持(chi)對擊為(wei)(wei)單手(shou)拍(pai)擊，俗稱“牙子”。道(dao)教(jiao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)稱“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)”，說(shuo)敲(qiao)擊它能呼(hu)風喚雨，法力無(wu)邊。那么(me)，隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)既然(ran)(ran)為(wei)(wei)道(dao)家(jia)(jia)所創，其名稱很可(ke)能由(you)(you)“陰(yin)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)”演(yan)變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)“云(yun)(yun)(yun)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)板(ban)”。

方法技巧

隴西云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)的道具(ju)傳(chuan)說由國舅所持法寶“云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)”演變而(er)來。板(ban)(ban)長約三尺，寬二寸五，4片為(wei)一(yi)副，內貫(guan)銅(tong)錢，裝飾有精美圖案，拍擊脆響，是表演者手持的道具(ju)。每年農(nong)歷四月(yue)初(chu)八，隴西仁壽山都要舉行萬人(ren)朝山盛會(hui)，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)舞(wu)便是朝山廟會(hui)的主要內容。后(hou)經提煉改編，云(yun)陽(yang)(yang)板(ban)(ban)舞(wu)已演變成為(wei)人(ren)民群眾期(qi)望(wang)風調雨順、國泰(tai)民安和(he)祝福(fu)吉(ji)祥如意良好愿望(wang)的一(yi)種民間舞(wu)蹈藝術。

藝術特色

后來，隴西(xi)縣對云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈進(jin)行了挖掘整(zheng)理，重新(xin)演(yan)練，并(bing)組成(cheng)了100多人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)演(yan)出隊，為廣(guang)大(da)群(qun)眾獻演(yan)，多次參加國家(jia)和(he)(he)(he)(he)地(di)方的(de)(de)(de)重大(da)活動(dong)(dong)(dong)。改編(bian)后的(de)(de)(de)隴西(xi)云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)繼承(cheng)了單(dan)手(shou)鞭桿、雙(shuang)手(shou)鞭桿、撲手(shou)亮相、小刀(dao)花翻身、飛腳(jiao)臥魚、吸腿(tui)深海、交叉對板(ban)(ban)(ban)、展翅占步(bu)、各自擊(ji)板(ban)(ban)(ban)、互相對板(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)(he)(he)繞身轉板(ban)(ban)(ban)等傳統(tong)云(yun)(yun)陽(yang)板(ban)(ban)(ban)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作和(he)(he)(he)(he)步(bu)法(fa)，表(biao)(biao)現(xian)了黃土(tu)高原民(min)間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈的(de)(de)(de)風采。全部舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈由祈雨(yu)、豐收和(he)(he)(he)(he)歡慶三篇(pian)組成(cheng)。祈雨(yu)篇(pian)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)了勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)民(min)希望風調雨(yu)順(shun)的(de)(de)(de)美(mei)好愿望，再(zai)現(xian)了人(ren)民(min)群(qun)眾辛勤耕耘、引水灌溉、克服(fu)困難的(de)(de)(de)情(qing)景；豐收篇(pian)表(biao)(biao)現(xian)了勞動(dong)(dong)(dong)人(ren)民(min)用勤勞和(he)(he)(he)(he)智慧(hui)換來的(de)(de)(de)金色(se)豐收；歡慶篇(pian)展現(xian)了隴原兒(er)女祝福的(de)(de)(de)壯美(mei)圖畫(hua)。

傳承保護

2011年3月16日(ri)，甘肅(su)(su)省定西(xi)市隴西(xi)縣(xian)申報的隴西(xi)云陽板(ban)甘肅(su)(su)省人民(min)政(zheng)府批(pi)準列(lie)入甘肅(su)(su)省第三批(pi)非(fei)物質文化遺產。遺產編號：Ⅲ-5。

2021年5月(yue)24日(ri)，甘肅省定西市隴西縣(xian)申報的(de)隴西云陽板經(jing)國務院批準(zhun)列(lie)入第(di)五批國家級(ji)非(fei)物(wu)質(zhi)文化遺產(chan)代表性項目(mu)名錄。遺產(chan)編(bian)號：Ⅲ-142。