連州(zhou)溪黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)學(xue)名溪黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)(Rabdosia serra (Maxim.) Hara),又名溪溝草(cao)(cao)(cao)、山(shan)羊面、臺灣(wan)延胡(hu)索和(he)大(da)葉蛇總(zong)管,多年生草(cao)(cao)(cao)本,根(gen)莖肥大(da),向下(xia)(xia)密(mi)生纖細的須根(gen),莖直立(li),高達(da)1.5(2)米(mi),有細條紋,帶紫色(se),莖葉對生,卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或(huo)卵(luan)圓(yuan)狀披(pi)針形(xing)(xing)或(huo)披(pi)針形(xing)(xing),草(cao)(cao)(cao)質,上面暗綠色(se),下(xia)(xia)面淡綠色(se),圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)序生于(yu)莖及(ji)分枝頂上,花(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫色(se),長(chang)達(da)6毫米(mi),外被短(duan)柔毛(mao),內面無(wu)毛(mao),花(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀,成(cheng)熟小(xiao)堅果闊卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),花(hua)(hua)、果期8-9月。溪黃草(cao)(cao)(cao)產于(yu)我國(guo)黑龍江(jiang)、吉林、遼寧、山(shan)西(xi)、河(he)南、陜西(xi)、甘(gan)肅、四川、貴(gui)州(zhou)、廣西(xi)、廣東、湖南、江(jiang)西(xi)、安(an)徽、浙(zhe)江(jiang)、江(jiang)蘇及(ji)臺灣(wan),常成(cheng)叢(cong)生于(yu)海(hai)拔120-1250米(mi)的山(shan)坡(po)、路旁、田邊、溪旁、河(he)岸(an)、草(cao)(cao)(cao)叢(cong)、灌叢(cong)、林下(xia)(xia)沙壤土上。全草(cao)(cao)(cao)入(ru)藥,治急(ji)性肝炎、急(ji)性膽囊炎、跌打瘀(yu)腫等癥。
形態特征
多(duo)年生(sheng)(sheng)草本(ben),根莖(jing)肥大,粗壯,有(you)時呈(cheng)疙瘩狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),向(xiang)下(xia)密(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)纖細的(de)(de)須(xu)根。莖(jing)直(zhi)立,高達1.5(2)米(mi)(mi),鈍四棱形(xing)(xing)(xing),具(ju)(ju)四淺(qian)槽,有(you)細條紋,帶紫(zi)色(se)(se),基(ji)部木質,近(jin)無毛,向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)倒(dao)向(xiang)微(wei)柔(rou)毛;上(shang)(shang)部多(duo)分枝(zhi)。莖(jing)葉對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng),卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或卵(luan)圓(yuan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)或披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)3.5-10厘(li)米(mi)(mi),寬1.5-4.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端近(jin)漸(jian)尖(jian),基(ji)部楔形(xing)(xing)(xing),邊緣具(ju)(ju)粗大內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)彎的(de)(de)鋸(ju)齒(chi),草質,上(shang)(shang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)暗綠色(se)(se),下(xia)面(mian)(mian)(mian)淡綠色(se)(se),兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)僅(jin)脈.上(shang)(shang)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)毛,余部無毛,散布淡黃色(se)(se)腺(xian)點,側脈每側4-55與(yu)(yu)中脈在(zai)(zai)兩面(mian)(mian)(mian)微(wei)隆起,在(zai)(zai)邊緣之內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)網結(jie),其間(jian)(jian)平(ping)行(xing)細脈多(duo)少明顯;葉柄長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.5-3.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),上(shang)(shang)部具(ju)(ju)漸(jian)寬大的(de)(de)翅,腹凹(ao)背凸,密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)毛。圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)生(sheng)(sheng)于(yu)莖(jing)及分枝(zhi)頂上(shang)(shang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)10-20厘(li)米(mi)(mi),下(xia)部常分枝(zhi),因(yin)而植株上(shang)(shang)部全(quan)體組成(cheng)(cheng)龐大疏松的(de)(de)圓(yuan)錐花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu),圓(yuan)錐了毛序(xu)(xu)由具(ju)(ju)5至多(duo)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)聚(ju)傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)組成(cheng)(cheng),聚(ju)傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu)具(ju)(ju)梗(geng),總梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)0.-5-1.5厘(li)米(mi)(mi),花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),總梗(geng)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)梗(geng)與(yu)(yu)序(xu)(xu)軸(zhou)均密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)毛;苞(bao)葉在(zai)(zai)下(xia)部者葉狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),具(ju)(ju)短柄,長(chang)(chang)(chang)超過聚(ju)傘花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)序(xu)(xu),向(xiang)上(shang)(shang)漸(jian)變小呈(cheng)苞(bao)片狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing)至線(xian)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)與(yu)(yu)總梗(geng)相(xiang)等(deng),苞(bao)片及小苞(bao)片細小,長(chang)(chang)(chang)1-3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),被(bei)(bei)微(wei)柔(rou)毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外(wai)密(mi)(mi)被(bei)(bei)灰白(bai)(bai)微(wei)柔(rou)毛,其間(jian)(jian)夾有(you)腺(xian)點,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)無毛,萼齒(chi)5,長(chang)(chang)(chang)三角形(xing)(xing)(xing),近(jin)等(deng)大,長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)為萼長(chang)(chang)(chang)之半(ban),果(guo)時花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)萼增大,呈(cheng)闊鐘形(xing)(xing)(xing),基(ji)部多(duo)少呈(cheng)壺狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),脈紋明顯。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)紫(zi)色(se)(se),長(chang)(chang)(chang)達6毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),外(wai)被(bei)(bei)短柔(rou)毛,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)面(mian)(mian)(mian)無毛,冠(guan)筒(tong)長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),基(ji)部上(shang)(shang)方淺(qian)囊狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),至喉部寬約(yue)(yue)(yue)1.2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),冠(guan)檐二(er)唇(chun)形(xing)(xing)(xing),上(shang)(shang)唇(chun)外(wai)反(fan),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)2毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),先(xian)端具(ju)(ju)相(xiang)等(deng)4圓(yuan)裂,下(xia)唇(chun)闊卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)約(yue)(yue)(yue)3毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)凹(ao)。雄蕊4,內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏(zang)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)柱絲狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),內(nei)(nei)(nei)(nei)藏(zang),先(xian)端相(xiang)等(deng)2淺(qian)裂。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)盤(pan)環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。成(cheng)(cheng)熟(shu)小堅果(guo)闊卵(luan)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)(xing),長(chang)(chang)(chang)1.5毫(hao)(hao)米(mi)(mi),頂端圓(yuan),具(ju)(ju)腺(xian)點及白(bai)(bai)色(se)(se)髯毛。花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)、果(guo)期8-9月。
分布范圍
產(chan)黑龍江(jiang),吉林,遼寧,山(shan)西,河南,陜西,甘肅,四川,貴州,廣(guang)西,廣(guang)東(dong),湖南,江(jiang)西,安徽,浙江(jiang),江(jiang)蘇(su)及臺灣(wan);常成(cheng)叢生于(yu)山(shan)坡、路旁、田邊(bian)、溪旁、河岸(an)、草(cao)叢、灌叢、林下沙壤土(tu)上(shang),海拔120-1250米。蘇(su)聯遠(yuan)東(dong)地區,朝鮮也(ye)有。模式標本采自我(wo)國東(dong)北松花江(jiang)流域下游。
主要價值
全(quan)草入藥(yao),治急性(xing)肝炎(yan)(yan)、急性(xing)膽囊炎(yan)(yan)、跌打瘀腫等癥。