陽山雞(ji),廣東省清遠市陽山縣特產,全國農產品地理標志(zhi)。
陽山雞屬三黃雞種,胸深而(er)身軀(qu)長,背平,前(qian)后軀(qu)基本相等,體(ti)型呈(cheng)(cheng)長方型,頭(tou)稍大(da),翹翅、主翼羽和(he)主尾羽短或缺(que),喙、皮、腳均為黃色。母(mu)雞單片冠(guan)呈(cheng)(cheng)鮮紅色但比(bi)公雞小,有(you)5至(zhi)8個(ge)冠(guan)齒(chi),肉髯、臉及耳葉呈(cheng)(cheng)紅色,虹彩橘黃色。公雞單冠(guan)直立,有(you)6至(zhi)9個(ge)冠(guan)齒(chi),冠(guan)、肉髯長,耳稍大(da),呈(cheng)(cheng)鮮紅色,虹彩金(jin)黃色。
2018年7月3日,中華人民共和國農業農村部正式批(pi)準(zhun)對“陽(yang)山雞(ji)”實施(shi)農產品地理標(biao)志(zhi)登記(ji)保護。2019年12月17日,“陽(yang)山雞(ji)”入選2019年第四批(pi)全國名特(te)優新農產品名錄。
陽(yang)山雞分布于廣東(dong)省西北(bei)部(bu)、連(lian)(lian)江中(zhong)游(you)、南(nan)嶺(ling)山脈南(nan)側的陽(yang)山縣(xian)(xian),南(nan)連(lian)(lian)懷集、廣寧、清新縣(xian)(xian),北(bei)接湖南(nan)宜(yi)章縣(xian)(xian),東(dong)與英(ying)德、乳源瑤族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)相鄰(lin),西與連(lian)(lian)南(nan)瑤族(zu)自治縣(xian)(xian)、連(lian)(lian)州市為界。地域保(bao)護范圍為陽(yang)山縣(xian)(xian)全(quan)境(jing),包括陽(yang)山縣(xian)(xian)轄下(xia)的江英(ying)、青蓮、黎埠、嶺(ling)背等13個鄉鎮,地理坐標在東(dong)經112°22′01″~113°01′06″,北(bei)緯(wei)23°58′47″~24°55′52″之(zhi)間。面積3418平方(fang)公里,年出欄200萬(wan)只,年產量3千噸。
地(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)貌:陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,丘陵起伏、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)陡峻(jun),峽谷(gu)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo),主(zhu)(zhu)要以山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)縣(xian)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)90%,盆(pen)地(di)(di)及沖(chong)積(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原約(yue)(yue)占(zhan)(zhan)10%。高(gao)(gao)低(di)差(cha)(cha)相當大,最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)青蓮(lian)小(xiao)北(bei)(bei)江沿岸(an)海拔(ba)不(bu)到(dao)50米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)全(quan)省第一(yi)峰(feng)石(shi)(shi)坑(keng)崆海拔(ba)1902米(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)低(di)相差(cha)(cha)1850米(mi)(mi)。陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)省級生態公(gong)益林居(ju)全(quan)省之(zhi)首,面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達1626.69平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),森林復蓋率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)72.97%,林木(mu)綠(lv)化率(lv)為(wei)(wei)(wei)76.5%。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條件(jian):陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)屬(shu)粵北(bei)(bei)地(di)(di)重點(dian)石(shi)(shi)灰巖山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區縣(xian),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)(xing)主(zhu)(zhu)要有(you)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)紅壤(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)黃壤(rang)、高(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、石(shi)(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)才紫(zi)色土(tu)(tu)(tu),主(zhu)(zhu)要以紅黃壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),占(zhan)(zhan)50.37%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)呈(cheng)微酸性(xing);其次(ci)為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅色石(shi)(shi)灰土(tu)(tu)(tu),占(zhan)(zhan)19.49%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)呈(cheng)微堿性(xing);此外還有(you)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)不(bu)少土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)淺薄,巖石(shi)(shi)裸(luo)露的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)灰巖石(shi)(shi)質(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu),占(zhan)(zhan)29.39%。適(shi)宜種(zhong)植玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)、番薯等粗糧,陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)雞(ji)以玉(yu)米(mi)(mi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)食(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)其提供了營養、健康(kang)的(de)(de)飼料。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)內河(he)系屬(shu)珠江流(liu)(liu)域北(bei)(bei)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)內小(xiao)河(he)流(liu)(liu)眾(zhong)多(duo)(duo),集雨(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)100平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li)以上的(de)(de)主(zhu)(zhu)、支河(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)13條,河(he)流(liu)(liu)大多(duo)(duo)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區型(xing)(xing)。縣(xian)境(jing)年(nian)均(jun)(jun)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)79.08億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)(不(bu)含過境(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)),過境(jing)客水(shui)(shui)(shui)徑(jing)流(liu)(liu)量(liang)(liang)38.6億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi),水(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)足。已建中(zhong)型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫3宗、小(xiao)(一(yi))型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫11宗、小(xiao)(二(er))型(xing)(xing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫38宗,較大的(de)(de)塘壩(ba)129宗,總(zong)控制集雨(yu)(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)252.29平(ping)(ping)(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)里(li)(li),總(zong)庫容1.096億(yi)(yi)立(li)方(fang)(fang)米(mi)(mi)。氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況(kuang):陽(yang)(yang)(yang)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)屬(shu)亞熱(re)帶季(ji)風性(xing)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候,氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候溫(wen)(wen)和,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)20.3℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)冷月1月,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)10.1℃,最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)月7月,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)28.7℃,年(nian)極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-3.2℃,極端最(zui)(zui)(zui)熱(re)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)39.9℃,歷年(nian)日平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)≥5℃的(de)(de)天氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)長達345天。年(nian)降雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)1850毫米(mi)(mi),主(zhu)(zhu)要集中(zhong)在春夏(xia)兩季(ji),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)濕度(du)78%,全(quan)年(nian)無霜期322天。地(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,高(gao)(gao)低(di)差(cha)(cha)相當大,最(zui)(zui)(zui)低(di)的(de)(de)青蓮(lian)小(xiao)北(bei)(bei)江沿岸(an)海拔(ba)不(bu)到(dao)50米(mi)(mi),最(zui)(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)全(quan)省第一(yi)峰(feng)石(shi)(shi)坑(keng)崆海拔(ba)1902米(mi)(mi),高(gao)(gao)低(di)相差(cha)(cha)1850米(mi)(mi),隨著高(gao)(gao)度(du)的(de)(de)不(bu)同(tong)而形(xing)成不(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候帶,垂直氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候差(cha)(cha)異達到(dao)9℃,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,年(nian)均(jun)(jun)光照(zhao)時數1617.7h,≥10℃氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)年(nian)積(ji)溫(wen)(wen)達6236.5℃。這種(zhong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)差(cha)(cha)異春雨(yu)(yu)夏(xia)暑(shu),秋旱冬寒(han)四季(ji)分明,光照(zhao)充(chong)足,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛。
外在感官特征(zheng):陽(yang)山(shan)雞屬三(san)黃雞種,胸深而(er)身軀長,背平,前后軀基本(ben)相等,體(ti)型(xing)呈(cheng)(cheng)長方型(xing),頭稍大,翹翅、主翼羽和主尾羽短或(huo)缺,喙、皮(pi)、腳均為(wei)黃色(se)。母雞單片冠呈(cheng)(cheng)鮮紅色(se)但比公雞小,有5至(zhi)(zhi)8個(ge)冠齒(chi),肉(rou)(rou)髯、臉(lian)及耳葉呈(cheng)(cheng)紅色(se),虹彩橘黃色(se)。公雞單冠直立,有6至(zhi)(zhi)9個(ge)冠齒(chi),冠、肉(rou)(rou)髯長,耳稍大,呈(cheng)(cheng)鮮紅色(se),虹彩金(jin)黃色(se)。內在品(pin)質指標:陽(yang)山(shan)雞肌肉(rou)(rou)豐滿,皮(pi)薄骨細,肉(rou)(rou)質嫩滑,品(pin)嘗起來皮(pi)爽脆、肉(rou)(rou)質幼嫩、久(jiu)嚼不膩、雞味濃郁鮮美。營(ying)養(yang)豐富,并含(han)(han)有人體(ti)所需的(de)(de)多種微量(liang)元素。據檢測,陽(yang)山(shan)雞肉(rou)(rou)蛋白質含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)24.0~26.0%,脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.5~0.6%,每百克雞肉(rou)(rou)中,油酸含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.35~0.6g,亞(ya)油酸含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)0.17~0.25g,肌酐(gan)酸含(han)(han)量(liang)為(wei)96.0~131mg。安全要求:禁止(zhi)(zhi)使用國家禁止(zhi)(zhi)使用的(de)(de)獸藥飼(si)養(yang)陽(yang)山(shan)雞。做好(hao)生產記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、飼(si)料、飼(si)料添加劑和獸藥使用記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、消毒記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、免疫記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、診療記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、防疫監(jian)測記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)、病(bing)死畜禽(qin)無害化處理記(ji)(ji)錄(lu)(lu)。出(chu)欄時(shi)活雞外貌(mao)特征(zheng)應符合(he)陽(yang)山(shan)雞品(pin)種標準的(de)(de)要求,健康無病(bing),符合(he)上市(shi)日齡的(de)(de)雞。