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泗(si)綸(lun)蒸(zheng)籠，指產(chan)于廣東省羅(luo)定市泗(si)綸(lun)鎮及周邊地區的(de)蒸(zheng)籠，因泗(si)綸(lun)鎮生產(chan)歷史久、產(chan)業集中而(er)得名(ming)。泗(si)綸(lun)蒸(zheng)籠歷史悠久，以當地特有(you)(you)的(de)羅(luo)竹(zhu)為(wei)主要原(yuan)(yuan)料(liao)，經手工工藝加工而(er)成，具有(you)(you)天(tian)然、綠色、環保(bao)(bao)等特點，用(yong)“泗(si)綸(lun)蒸(zheng)籠”炊蒸(zheng)食(shi)物(wu)，不但保(bao)(bao)留食(shi)物(wu)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)汁原(yuan)(yuan)味，不積聚蒸(zheng)餾水，不易變餿(sou)，耐保(bao)(bao)溫，而(er)且(qie)還可使食(shi)物(wu)留下特有(you)(you)的(de)羅(luo)竹(zhu)清香，深受國內外(wai)消費者青睞。為(wei)中國地理標志保(bao)(bao)護產(chan)品。

品質特點

泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)是羅定(ding)市(shi)重要的(de)(de)傳統(tong)特(te)色產品(pin)之一，“泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)”以(yi)當地特(te)有的(de)(de)羅竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)為主要原料，經手工(gong)工(gong)藝加工(gong)而成，具有天然、綠色、環保等(deng)特(te)點，用“泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)”炊(chui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)食物(wu)，不(bu)但保留食物(wu)的(de)(de)原汁原味，不(bu)積聚蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)餾水，不(bu)易變(bian)餿，耐保溫，而且還可使食物(wu)留下特(te)有的(de)(de)羅竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)清(qing)香，深(shen)受國內外(wai)消費者青睞。20世紀90年代中期，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)加工(gong)的(de)(de)科技含(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)(gao)。原先全用手工(gong)操作的(de)(de)各道工(gong)序大部分已實(shi)現(xian)了半機械化。鋸竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)、開片的(de)(de)、打釘的(de)(de)，造鋼圈(quan)的(de)(de)都用上了機器(qi)，使加工(gong)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)產量(liang)(liang)不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加，質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)也不(bu)斷(duan)提高(gao)(gao)。泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)規格齊全，有4英吋的(de)(de)點籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，6.5英吋的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，20.5英寸的(de)(de)竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，還有6.5英吋鋼口編織底籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，鋼口毛竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)底籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，鋁(lv)皮編織底高(gao)(gao)腳籠(long)(long)(long)(long)，新款鋼口毛竹(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)底籠(long)(long)(long)(long)等(deng)共40個規格品(pin)種。

歷史淵源

泗綸蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)制(zhi)作相傳起源于公(gong)元1796年(nian)(nian)(nian)至(zhi)1820年(nian)(nian)(nian)（清朝嘉慶(qing)）年(nian)(nian)(nian)間，歷史悠久。1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)建(jian)國前，有些(xie)農(nong)(nong)民(min)已把羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)加(jia)工成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)拿到(dao)市(shi)場去買(mai)，有的(de)(de)甚(shen)至(zhi)由木船帶(dai)到(dao)肇慶(qing)、廣州(zhou)等(deng)地(di)外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。羅(luo)(luo)(luo)定(ding)(ding)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)在外(wai)(wai)已有一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)聲譽。建(jian)國后(hou)，山區農(nong)(nong)民(min)把加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)作為(wei)(wei)一(yi)項(xiang)副業收(shou)入(ru)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)少(shao)農(nong)(nong)戶不(bu)(bu)(bu)僅成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)年(nian)(nian)(nian)男女(nv)懂(dong)得(de)加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，甚(shen)至(zhi)連六、七歲的(de)(de)小孩也懂(dong)得(de)加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。20世(shi)(shi)紀70年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)初(chu)，泗綸、榃(tan)濱(bin)等(deng)地(di)建(jian)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)竹(zhu)器加(jia)工廠(chang)，生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)竹(zhu)笪也加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)部(bu)分拿到(dao)市(shi)場銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售，部(bu)分供(gong)應(ying)縣城飯店(dian)、酒家，部(bu)分交(jiao)外(wai)(wai)貿部(bu)門出(chu)口外(wai)(wai)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。改革開(kai)放后(hou)，一(yi)些(xie)先(xian)進(jin)發(fa)(fa)(fa)達國家開(kai)始崇尚環(huan)保，他們逐漸(jian)覺察到(dao)用竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)作炊具比用金屬制(zhi)品(pin)或塑料制(zhi)品(pin)作炊具烹出(chu)的(de)(de)食物味道要好，且成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)本低，無污染，有益于健康，紛紛訂購、使用竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)受到(dao)國外(wai)(wai)朋友的(de)(de)青(qing)睞，市(shi)場上出(chu)現需(xu)求不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)的(de)(de)態勢(shi)。進(jin)入(ru)20世(shi)(shi)紀80年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)需(xu)求量(liang)繼續增加(jia)，市(shi)場出(chu)現供(gong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)應(ying)求的(de)(de)現象。政府和有關部(bu)門乘勢(shi)而上，組織群眾(zhong)大種羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)，羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)種植面(mian)積不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)增加(jia)。泗綸、榃(tan)濱(bin)等(deng)地(di)將加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)作為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)民(min)創收(shou)的(de)(de)一(yi)項(xiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業來抓，除了(le)鎮辦蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)廠(chang)外(wai)(wai)，還把蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)原材(cai)料發(fa)(fa)(fa)放到(dao)農(nong)(nong)戶進(jin)行(xing)加(jia)工，定(ding)(ding)期回收(shou)，既壯大發(fa)(fa)(fa)展集體經(jing)濟，又增加(jia)農(nong)(nong)民(min)收(shou)入(ru)。進(jin)入(ru)20世(shi)(shi)紀90年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)(dai)后(hou)，個體經(jing)濟不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展壯大，蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)又有新的(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展。一(yi)些(xie)地(di)方(fang)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)加(jia)工蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)專業街、專業村和加(jia)工銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售大戶。并(bing)逐漸(jian)探(tan)索出(chu)一(yi)條“公(gong)司(si)+基地(di)+農(nong)(nong)戶”的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)加(jia)工產(chan)(chan)(chan)業化路子，實行(xing)“羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)種植——蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)加(jia)工——產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售”一(yi)體化經(jing)營，形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)了(le)以羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)促蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)，以蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)促羅(luo)(luo)(luo)竹(zhu)發(fa)(fa)(fa)展的(de)(de)良性循環(huan)。

生產條件

羅定屬半丘陵山區，山地多而肥沃，年降雨量1400毫米左右。山區的泗綸、都門、加益、扶合、榃濱、新樂等地(di)，山高林密、植被層厚，山地(di)長年(nian)(nian)處于(yu)濕(shi)潤狀態，特殊(shu)的(de)氣候環境，生長著(zhu)沙(sha)羅竹(zhu)，也叫羅竹(zhu)。1949年(nian)(nian)建國前，農(nong)民(min)已有種(zhong)植羅竹(zhu)習慣，20世紀70年(nian)(nian)代后(hou)，種(zhong)植面積逐年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)多，范(fan)圍也不斷擴大。改革開放后(hou)，市(shi)場上(shang)對(dui)竹(zhu)制(zhi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠的(de)需求(qiu)年(nian)(nian)年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)多，農(nong)民(min)看到(dao)了種(zhong)羅竹(zhu)加工蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠的(de)前景，于(yu)是積極發展(zhan)羅竹(zhu)生產。1979年(nian)(nian)種(zhong)有羅竹(zhu)7200畝(mu)(mu)，1989年(nian)(nian)發展(zhan)到(dao)8400畝(mu)(mu)，1999年(nian)(nian)增(zeng)至(zhi)13000畝(mu)(mu)，2003年(nian)(nian)已達到(dao)38000畝(mu)(mu)。種(zhong)植較(jiao)多的(de)泗綸達23000畝(mu)(mu)。羅竹(zhu)種(zhong)植一般4年(nian)(nian)開始采收(shou)，以后(hou)每(mei)年(nian)(nian)可(ke)(ke)采收(shou)一次，采收(shou)時間(jian)為(wei)冬季至(zhi)次年(nian)(nian)春季，畝(mu)(mu)產一般6000～7000斤(jin)，高產的(de)可(ke)(ke)達1萬斤(jin)。羅定人多，耕(geng)地(di)少，山區耕(geng)地(di)更少，泗綸鎮(zhen)2003年(nian)(nian)73917人，32241多個勞動力，耕(geng)地(di)只有30374畝(mu)(mu)，平均每(mei)人0.41畝(mu)(mu)。豐富的(de)勞動力資源，為(wei)種(zhong)植羅竹(zhu)，加工蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠，增(zeng)加收(shou)入，創造了有利條件。

加工工藝

蒸(zheng)籠(long)加工有幾(ji)個步驟，一(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)選(xuan)(xuan)料，選(xuan)(xuan)取當地深山(shan)種植(zhi)4年以上(shang)(shang)，竹直(zhi)、徑長、節疏的(de)(de)優質(zhi)羅(luo)竹。二是(shi)(shi)開料，將(jiang)砍下(xia)來的(de)(de)羅(luo)竹削(xue)去(qu)枝葉，并(bing)按(an)(an)照需(xu)要(yao)加工的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)規(gui)格(ge)將(jiang)羅(luo)竹鋸成(cheng)各(ge)種長度，破開、裁好(hao)。三是(shi)(shi)削(xue)片(pian)，將(jiang)開好(hao)的(de)(de)竹片(pian)削(xue)去(qu)表面(mian)竹青，并(bing)把竹片(pian)刨光滑、大小均(jun)勻，同時(shi)做(zuo)好(hao)防(fang)腐霉消(xiao)毒處(chu)理。四是(shi)(shi)焙片(pian)，將(jiang)刨好(hao)的(de)(de)竹片(pian)放在(zai)火上(shang)(shang)面(mian)烘焙，使其具有良好(hao)的(de)(de)柔韌性，并(bing)按(an)(an)規(gui)格(ge)將(jiang)焙好(hao)的(de)(de)竹片(pian)以幾(ji)十片(pian)為一(yi)(yi)捆，用(yong)(yong)特(te)制(zhi)的(de)(de)木(mu)棍卷成(cheng)圓形(xing)，曬干(gan)后以待編(bian)織。五是(shi)(shi)定型(xing)，將(jiang)烘好(hao)的(de)(de)竹片(pian)，按(an)(an)照蒸(zheng)籠(long)的(de)(de)規(gui)格(ge)要(yao)求卷成(cheng)圓形(xing)，用(yong)(yong)銅(tong)線(xian)穿好(hao)固(gu)定，做(zuo)成(cheng)蒸(zheng)籠(long)的(de)(de)外(wai)圈(quan)。在(zai)外(wai)圈(quan)里面(mian)上(shang)(shang)用(yong)(yong)4條，下(xia)用(yong)(yong)2條篾竹卷成(cheng)圓形(xing)撐(cheng)著外(wai)圈(quan)，這道工序叫做(zuo)頂竹。接著進(jin)入子口(kou)工序，子口(kou)的(de)(de)材質(zhi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣，有竹、木(mu)、銅(tong)、鋼等，可根據(ju)客戶要(yao)求選(xuan)(xuan)用(yong)(yong)。再在(zai)籠(long)身上(shang)(shang)穿孔，打上(shang)(shang)竹釘，接著入籠(long)橋（承托食品的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)底）。入籠(long)橋時(shi)，將(jiang)削(xue)好(hao)的(de)(de)竹條一(yi)(yi)條條地排整齊，用(yong)(yong)白皮藤(teng)條纏好(hao)、固(gu)定。六(liu)是(shi)(shi)對編(bian)織成(cheng)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)進(jin)行防(fang)蟲處(chu)理、晾曬。七(qi)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)曬干(gan)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)籠(long)進(jin)行打磨，去(qu)除邊(bian)毛，即成(cheng)蒸(zheng)籠(long)。

生產情況

泗(si)綸(lun)(lun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)作為(wei)(wei)全(quan)球最(zui)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)基地，經過不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)的(de)(de)研究(jiu)開發(fa)，到(dao)2009年，該鎮(zhen)(zhen)已具備(bei)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)普通(tong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)、高(gao)腳(jiao)籠(long)(long)(long)、鋁皮子(zi)口(kou)籠(long)(long)(long)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼子(zi)口(kou)籠(long)(long)(long)、外加不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼圈籠(long)(long)(long)、毛竹(zhu)拋(pao)光籠(long)(long)(long)、四方籠(long)(long)(long)、蛋(dan)籠(long)(long)(long)、木蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)等9大(da)(da)系(xi)列(lie)，規格從(cong)5至22英寸等18種蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)系(xi)列(lie)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)。鎮(zhen)(zhen)政府還抓住被省(sheng)評為(wei)(wei)專(zhuan)業(ye)技(ji)術創(chuang)(chuang)新試點鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)機(ji)遇，不(bu)(bu)(bu)斷(duan)進(jin)行技(ji)術創(chuang)(chuang)新，經過技(ji)術攻關，自行研制了(le)(le)鉆(zhan)孔機(ji)、破片機(ji)、籠(long)(long)(long)橋拋(pao)光機(ji)、不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹鋼包(bao)口(kou)機(ji)等一(yi)批(pi)加工(gong)(gong)機(ji)械，提高(gao)了(le)(le)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)能力(li)、降低了(le)(le)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)成本。此外，通(tong)過與高(gao)校(xiao)合作，共同研究(jiu)開發(fa)羅竹(zhu)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)優質栽培與生態綜合利用，采取(qu)多形(xing)式、多渠道(dao)搞活(huo)市場流(liu)通(tong)，擴大(da)(da)銷(xiao)售(shou)，逐(zhu)步建立了(le)(le)一(yi)條延伸國內(nei)外市場的(de)(de)營銷(xiao)網絡。蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)加工(gong)(gong)已成為(wei)(wei)該鎮(zhen)(zhen)的(de)(de)特色(se)支(zhi)柱產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)，建立了(le)(le)“竹(zhu)子(zi)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)加工(gong)(gong)、出(chu)口(kou)創(chuang)(chuang)匯(hui)”產(chan)(chan)(chan)供銷(xiao)一(yi)條龍的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)服務體(ti)系(xi)，實(shi)現了(le)(le)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)經濟(ji)持續、穩健、快速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，2009年，從(cong)業(ye)人員達1.2萬(wan)(wan)，年加工(gong)(gong)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)1.02億只，出(chu)口(kou)創(chuang)(chuang)匯(hui)3000多萬(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)。到(dao)2011年，“泗(si)綸(lun)(lun)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)”已形(xing)成7個加工(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)村，4條加工(gong)(gong)專(zhuan)業(ye)街，有較大(da)(da)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)規模的(de)(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)廠21家，從(cong)事蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)加工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)農戶1.5萬(wan)(wan)多戶2萬(wan)(wan)多人，年產(chan)(chan)(chan)大(da)(da)小蒸(zheng)(zheng)籠(long)(long)(long)2億余只，產(chan)(chan)(chan)值4億多元(yuan)，創(chuang)(chuang)匯(hui)近2000萬(wan)(wan)美元(yuan)，其產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)和出(chu)口(kou)量(liang)分別占全(quan)中國同類產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)(de)80%和85%。