崇(chong)明水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis)為(wei)石(shi)蒜(suan)科(ke)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)屬。 水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)(hua)，歷來(lai)是深(shen)受人(ren)人(ren)們喜愛的花(hua)(hua)中珍品(pin)，在我國(guo)(guo)以福建漳州和(he)上海崇(chong)明的水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)最(zui)為(wei)有(you)名。崇(chong)明水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)漳州水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)齊(qi)名，它們同(tong)出一源，組成中國(guo)(guo)水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩大品(pin)系。崇(chong)明水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的特點是球根自然分株較少，且芳香濃郁，經月不散，為(wei)他地水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)所不及(ji)。花(hua)(hua)瓣潤白似玉，狀如(ru)圓盤，心(xin)呈(cheng)金黃，宛(wan)如(ru)酒(jiu)盞，故有(you)“金盞銀臺”之美(mei)稱(cheng)。水(shui)(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)在吐(tu)蕊綻(zhan)放之際，那青翠欲滴的葉(xie)片，亭亭玉立的花(hua)(hua)梗，襯(chen)托(tuo)著(zhu)春(chun)雪般晶(jing)瑩的花(hua)(hua)朵，陣陣芳馨(xin)沁人(ren)心(xin)脾(pi)，更給人(ren)以樸素、淡雅(ya)而又(you)高潔、脫(tuo)俗的美(mei)感。

崇(chong)(chong)明水仙(xian)、福建(jian)漳州水仙(xian)與浙(zhe)江普陀水仙(xian)均為中(zhong)國水仙(xian)的(de)(de)(de)主要栽培(pei)(pei)類型。 崇(chong)(chong)明水仙(xian)作為上海地(di)方特色花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)(hui)，是上海“唯一(yi)(yi)”具有地(di)理標志性的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)(hui)品種資源(yuan)，在上海崇(chong)(chong)明縣已有 400 多年的(de)(de)(de)栽培(pei)(pei)史(shi)。上世(shi)紀 30~50 年代，曾(ceng)風靡一(yi)(yi)時，因其馥郁(yu)的(de)(de)(de)芳香、清(qing)雅的(de)(de)(de)外形(xing)而著稱于國內(nei)外的(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)(hui)市場。但(dan)由于歷史(shi)、種源(yuan)、效益等多種因素的(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響，使(shi)得崇(chong)(chong)明水仙(xian)在花(hua)(hua)卉(hui)(hui)市場上消靡近20年。

崇(chong)(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)知道(dao)的人并不多，因為崇(chong)(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)是比較稀少，比較珍貴的。和漳州水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)的旱種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)不同，崇(chong)(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)都(dou)是水(shui)田栽種(zhong)。一般(ban)來說，100個(ge)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)頭中只有20個(ge)可以作(zuo)為商(shang)品(pin)來出(chu)售，如此低的商(shang)品(pin)率大(da)大(da)增加了農戶的種(zhong)植成本。此外，由于崇(chong)(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)是無(wu)性繁殖，沒有開花授(shou)粉，由此更是造就了其的珍貴程度。

此(ci)外崇(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)最大的特點就在于花(hua)形好，花(hua)期(qi)(qi)長。由(you)于比漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)均氣溫高7°C，崇(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)長達40天左(zuo)右，而漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)花(hua)期(qi)(qi)為25天至(zhi)30天。把崇(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)和漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)放一起(qi)種，崇(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)結的花(hua)會(hui)比其少(shao)，但其個頭往(wang)往(wang)會(hui)遠(yuan)遠(yuan)高于漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)。另外，崇(chong)明(ming)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)的香味(wei)總(zong)是(shi)濃于漳(zhang)州(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)水(shui)仙(xian)(xian)(xian)的。

地栽崇明水仙一(yi)般在(zai)9月(yue)底，翌年3月(yue)上旬開花，花期長達40天左右。

對洋水仙(xian)的(de)研究集中在(zai)(zai)(zai)起源與分類。崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)以花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)型而論，品種主要(yao)有(you)“金盞銀臺”和(he)“玉(yu)玲瓏”。前者(zhe)單瓣(ban)，花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)呈喇叭型，上部六瓣(ban)，或平(ping)展，或反卷，副花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)成杯狀，形似金色盅置于銀臺只上；后(hou)者(zhe)為(wei)復(fu)瓣(ban)，其花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)冠(guan)折皺，也(ye)呈六瓣(ban)。上海的(de)崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)水仙(xian)具有(you)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)香幽(you)雅(ya)、花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)期(qi)長等特點，是中國的(de)十(shi)大名花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)之(zhi)一(yi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)崇(chong)明(ming)(ming)(ming)已(yi)(yi)有(you)400多年的(de)栽培史，早在(zai)(zai)(zai)二十(shi)世紀三十(shi)年代已(yi)(yi)銷往(wang)上海、江蘇等地(di)是上海的(de)傳統品牌(pai)，近年對生產(chan)技術的(de)提高(gao)、改造(zao)，使球莖的(de)質量(liang)和(he)產(chan)量(liang)有(you)了大幅提高(gao)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)每(mei)年的(de)元旦至春節，水仙(xian)現蕾后(hou)投入市場，既提高(gao)了觀賞價值(zhi)，又減輕了水仙(xian)花(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)愛好者(zhe)的(de)麻煩。