一.產品介紹
泗(si)(si)洪大(da)(da)米是以(yi)地(di)域(yu)名稱(cheng)冠(guan)名的特有農產品,已經通過國家(jia)農產品的地(di)理標志認(ren)證(zheng)、證(zheng)書編(bian)號:AG100220。對于泗(si)(si)洪大(da)(da)米的品質鑒定,專家(jia)評語是“泗(si)(si)洪大(da)(da)米產自洪澤(ze)湖(hu)西岸,外觀整齊(qi),色澤(ze)透(tou)明,蒸煮有清香(xiang)味,米飯軟硬適中有光澤(ze),咀嚼香(xiang)甜,口感柔韌,米粥粘稠,入口爽滑(hua),泗(si)(si)洪大(da)(da)米歁稱(cheng)米中精品。”
二.自然生態(tai)環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、自(zi)然資源:縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)復雜,地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)起伏,崗(gang)(gang)洼(wa)交錯,屬秦嶺緯(wei)向構造體(ti)系的(de)(de)東(dong)延(yan)部分。淮陰斷裂(lie)帶(dai)斜穿南(nan)部,郯(tan)廬(lu)斷裂(lie)帶(dai)縱貫西(xi)部。第四(si)紀沉積物廣布,第三(san)紀及以前(qian)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)層僅是(shi)零星出(chu)露(lu)。全縣(xian)(xian)范圍(wei)可利(li)(li)用土地(di)(di)(di)相對高(gao)程從(cong)12米(mi)到64米(mi),高(gao)低差52米(mi)。從(cong)地(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)貌上可以將全縣(xian)(xian)分為(wei)“三(san)崗(gang)(gang)兩(liang)洼(wa)一(yi)平原(yuan)”。“三(san)崗(gang)(gang)”,指(zhi)(zhi)安(an)東(dong)崗(gang)(gang)、濉汴崗(gang)(gang)和西(xi)南(nan)崗(gang)(gang);“兩(liang)洼(wa)”,指(zhi)(zhi)安(an)河洼(wa)和溧河洼(wa);“一(yi)平原(yuan)”,指(zhi)(zhi)北部黃泛沖積平原(yuan)。泗洪地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)暖溫(wen)帶(dai)半濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)向亞熱帶(dai)濕潤(run)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)區(qu)的(de)(de)過渡交匯地(di)(di)(di)段,具有(you)過渡性、季(ji)風性氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)特征。季(ji)風顯著,四(si)季(ji)分明,雨(yu)量集中(zhong),雨(yu)熱同季(ji),春暖多(duo)變,秋(qiu)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)爽,光(guang)照充足(zu),熱量富裕。泗洪地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)洪澤(ze)湖西(xi)岸(an),夏秋(qiu)季(ji)多(duo)為(wei)東(dong)到東(dong)南(nan)風,空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)濕潤(run),境(jing)(jing)內有(you)7條流域性河流穿境(jing)(jing)入洪澤(ze)湖,形(xing)成特有(you)的(de)(de)天然小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)(hou)。由于地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)洪澤(ze)湖西(xi)岸(an),地(di)(di)(di)勢(shi)低洼(wa),多(duo)為(wei)粘質土壤(rang),保(bao)水(shui)性能好,加之地(di)(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)位高(gao),土壤(rang)墑情足(zu),形(xing)成干旱的(de)(de)幾率低,有(you)利(li)(li)于后期水(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)長及養老稻(dao)。
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤資源:據泗(si)洪縣(xian)第二次土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤普(pu)查(1982-1985)分類(lei),全縣(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤被劃分為3個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(lei),3個亞類(lei),7個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬。區劃后,全縣(xian)共有耕地(di)面(mian)積206萬畝(mu),其中黃(huang)潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)68.5萬畝(mu),約占(zhan)全縣(xian)總面(mian)積的33.25%,發(fa)布于安河(he)洼,有沙(sha)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、兩(liang)合土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、淤土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)3個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬;砂姜(jiang)黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)56.5萬畝(mu),占(zhan)27.43%,發(fa)布于溧河(he)洼,有崗(gang)(gang)(gang)黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、湖黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬;黃(huang)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)81萬畝(mu),占(zhan)39.32%,發(fa)布于安東崗(gang)(gang)(gang)、濉汴崗(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)西(xi)南崗(gang)(gang)(gang),有崗(gang)(gang)(gang)白土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、崗(gang)(gang)(gang)黃(huang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)2個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)屬。水稻種植主要(yao)分布在(zai)黃(huang)潮土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)砂姜(jiang)黑(hei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)區域。
(2)光資源:泗洪境內光能資源豐富(fu),全年(nian)總日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數平(ping)均(jun)為(wei)2357小時,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)百(bai)分(fen)率(lv)53%左右,年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)≥0℃的(de)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)2030小時;年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)≥10℃的(de)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數為(wei)1515小時。
(3)熱(re)量資源:泗洪熱(re)量條件也較(jiao)富裕,年(nian)平均氣(qi)溫14.4℃;一(yi)月(yue)份(fen)平均氣(qi)溫最低,為(wei)(wei)0.0℃;七月(yue)份(fen)平均氣(qi)溫最高,為(wei)(wei)27.5℃。0.0℃的(de)活動(dong)積(ji)溫為(wei)(wei)5299℃,高于(yu)淮北各(ge)縣(xian),僅次于(yu)江淮地區。一(yi)般(ban)0.0℃以上積(ji)溫4600℃以上即(ji)可實行兩熟制(zhi),因此(ci)從農作物生長(chang)需要來看,我縣(xian)的(de)熱(re)量條件對于(yu)滿足麥(mai)—--稻一(yi)年(nian)兩熟制(zhi)的(de)種(zhong)植(zhi)綽綽有余(yu)。
(4)水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源:水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源主要有三部分組成,即(ji)本區域降(jiang)雨(yu)、過境(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)和地(di)下水(shui)(shui)。常年平均降(jiang)雨(yu)量912毫米(mi),過境(jing)(jing)水(shui)(shui)323.11億立方米(mi),地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位維持(chi)在12.5米(mi)上下。
2、稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)歷(li)史:據《泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)縣(xian)志(zhi)》載:境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)歷(li)史上素有種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)習慣,相傳(chuan)泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”曾(ceng)被(bei)(bei)列為(wei)(wei)皇宮“貢米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”。早在(zai)(zai)清朝,泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)種(zhong)植的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)品(pin)種(zhong)青剛占,米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)質(zhi)好、香味濃。《泗(si)(si)(si)虹合志(zhi)》載:“稻(dao)以(yi)紅 者為(wei)(wei)勝(sheng),炊(chui)作飪粥(zhou),香黃盈(ying)甑,漕運之珍貴也”,但(dan)終因(yin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量低(di)被(bei)(bei)淘汰。1949年(nian)(nian)前(qian)后(hou)泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)境(jing)(jing)(jing)內(nei)(nei)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)面積(ji)只有8萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)左右,土種(zhong)子,汛期栽,場頭秧,靠(kao)天(tian)收(shou),畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)60公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)左右;解放后(hou),通過興(xing)修(xiu)水(shui)(shui)利、農(nong)田(tian)建設(she)、良種(zhong)更(geng)新、技術(shu)推廣(guang)和(he)提(ti)高(gao)施肥水(shui)(shui)平(ping),縣(xian)域水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)面積(ji)已(yi)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)到目(mu)前(qian)的(de)(de)(de) 80萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu);水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)產(chan)(chan)(chan):1965年(nian)(nian)超(chao)100公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),1978年(nian)(nian)超(chao)200公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),1984年(nian)(nian)超(chao)400公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),1995年(nian)(nian)超(chao)475公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin), 1998年(nian)(nian)突破(po)500公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)大(da)(da)(da)(da)關(guan),達530公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin),至今一直穩定(ding)在(zai)(zai)500公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)以(yi)上,年(nian)(nian)產(chan)(chan)(chan)稻(dao)谷(gu)量45萬(wan)(wan)噸,加(jia)工優質(zhi)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)30多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)噸,商品(pin)外(wai)銷率65%以(yi)上。 泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)是江(jiang)蘇省中粳偏(pian)(pian)遲熟品(pin)種(zhong)栽培北移的(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)緣地(di)(di)區。水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)前(qian)期積(ji)溫偏(pian)(pian)低(di),營養生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期相對延長(chang)(chang)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)后(hou)期9、10月份光照(zhao)充(chong)足,晝夜(ye)溫差大(da)(da)(da)(da),對于稻(dao)谷(gu)干物質(zhi)積(ji)累十(shi)分(fen)有利。泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)的(de)(de)(de)縣(xian)域生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)良好,2002年(nian)(nian)被(bei)(bei)國(guo)家(jia)環(huan)(huan)保總(zong)局表彰為(wei)(wei)“國(guo)家(jia)級(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)示范(fan)區”。良好的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)(jing)有利于優質(zhi)綠色(se)(se)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)可(ke)持續發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)。目(mu)前(qian)全縣(xian)已(yi)認定(ding)無公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)害水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)78萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),創建全國(guo)綠色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)原料(liao)(水(shui)(shui)稻(dao))標準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu),建設(she)有機(ji)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)1.16萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)。泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)60萬(wan)(wan)畝(mu)(mu)(mu)全國(guo)綠色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)原料(liao)(水(shui)(shui)稻(dao))標準化生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)建成(cheng),為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標登(deng)記基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)建設(she)奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了基(ji)(ji)地(di)(di)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu);稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)龍頭加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)崛起,其中年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工能力2萬(wan)(wan)噸以(yi)上的(de)(de)(de)有20多(duo)家(jia),年(nian)(nian)加(jia)工優質(zhi)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)30多(duo)萬(wan)(wan)噸,通過綠色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)認證企(qi)業(ye)達15家(jia),有38個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)獲(huo)得(de)綠色(se)(se)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)標志(zhi)使(shi)用權,有5個(ge)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)企(qi)業(ye)獲(huo)得(de)有機(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品(pin)認證,為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了加(jia)工基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu);稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)加(jia)工企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)“三品(pin)”認證和(he)商標注冊(ce)(ce),如“麥華(hua)”牌(pai)、“穆墩(dun)島”牌(pai)、“蟹園”牌(pai)、“金(jin)草灣(wan)”牌(pai)等綠色(se)(se)有機(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)認證注冊(ce)(ce),為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標宣傳(chuan)奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了品(pin)牌(pai)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu);農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)營銷與直銷店(dian)窗口的(de)(de)(de)創建,已(yi)建泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)直銷窗口32處,發(fa)(fa)布于華(hua)東(dong)7省市,為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)經營奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了營銷基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu);縣(xian)鄉農(nong)技推廣(guang)服(fu)務體(ti)系健全與農(nong)民培訓(xun)工程的(de)(de)(de)實施,為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標技術(shu)推廣(guang)培訓(xun)奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了科技支撐基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu);縣(xian)政府授權的(de)(de)(de)泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)縣(xian)稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)協(xie)會(hui)為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標標志(zhi)申(shen)報主(zhu)體(ti),為(wei)(wei)“泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)”地(di)(di)標主(zhu)體(ti)監(jian)管(guan)奠(dian)(dian)(dian)定(ding)了組織監(jian)督管(guan)理(li)基(ji)(ji)礎(chu)(chu)。目(mu)前(qian),泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)縣(xian)委、縣(xian)政府已(yi)把稻(dao)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化開(kai)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)十(shi)億元目(mu)標鎖定(ding),泗(si)(si)(si)洪(hong)(hong)(hong)(hong)大(da)(da)(da)(da)米(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)化經營勢在(zai)(zai)必行。
三.地域范圍
泗洪(hong)縣位于蘇北(bei)平原西(xi)部、洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)西(xi)岸、淮河(he)下游,東(dong)經117°56′-118°46′,北(bei)緯33°08′-33°47′。東(dong)瀕洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)與洪(hong)澤(ze)縣隔湖(hu)(hu)相(xiang)望;西(xi)鄰安徽(hui)省泗縣、五(wu)河(he)縣;南與盱眙縣、明光(guang)市毗(pi)連;北(bei)與宿(su)城區、泗陽縣接壤。縣境南北(bei)全長(chang)73公里,東(dong)西(xi)相(xiang)距78公里。寧宿(su)徐高速公路貫穿全境,加之洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)、淮河(he)、汴(bian)河(he)等(deng)水(shui)路,交(jiao)通十分(fen)便利。 “泗洪(hong)大(da)米”農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標志地域保護(hu)范圍(wei):青陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、峰山鄉(xiang)、四河(he)鄉(xiang)、天崗湖(hu)(hu)鄉(xiang)、上塘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、魏營(ying)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、車(che)門鄉(xiang)、瑤溝鄉(xiang)、梅花鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、歸仁鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金鎖鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、曹廟鄉(xiang)、朱湖(hu)(hu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、界集(ji)(ji)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、太平鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、孫(sun)園鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、陳圩鄉(xiang)、半城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、臨淮鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、城頭鄉(xiang)、石集(ji)(ji)鄉(xiang)、江蘇省洪(hong)澤(ze)湖(hu)(hu)農(nong)場(chang)、五(wu)里江農(nong)場(chang)共23個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen),2個省屬農(nong)場(chang)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感(gan)(gan)觀特征(zheng):“泗洪大米”產自洪澤湖西岸,外觀整齊,色澤透明,蒸煮有清香(xiang)味,米飯軟硬(ying)適中有光(guang)澤,咀嚼(jiao)香(xiang)甜,口感(gan)(gan)柔韌,米粥粘稠,入口爽(shuang)滑。
2、在品(pin)質(zhi)指標(biao):“泗洪(hong)大米(mi)(mi)(mi)”生產中(zhong)(zhong)保留了(le)大米(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)絕大部分(fen)營養物質(zhi),避免了(le)米(mi)(mi)(mi)中(zhong)(zhong)蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)、維(wei)生素的大量(liang)流(liu)失。加工精度符合特級;不完善粒(li)小(xiao)于(yu)3%;最大限度雜質(zhi)總量(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)0.25%,糠粉小(xiao)于(yu)0.15%,礦物質(zhi)小(xiao)于(yu)0.02%,帶殼(ke)秕粒(li)每(mei)公斤(jin)小(xiao)于(yu)10粒(li),稻谷(gu)粒(li)每(mei)公斤(jin)少于(yu)4粒(li);碎(sui)米(mi)(mi)(mi)總量(liang)小(xiao)于(yu)15%,小(xiao)碎(sui)米(mi)(mi)(mi)率小(xiao)于(yu)1%;黃粒(li)米(mi)(mi)(mi)小(xiao)于(yu)0.5%;膠稠度≥70mm;直鏈淀粉含量(liang)在11-15%;蛋(dan)白(bai)含量(liang)5-7%;水分(fen)低于(yu)14.5%。產品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)檢測符合《綠色食品(pin) 大米(mi)(mi)(mi)》(NY/T419-2007)的規(gui)定(ding),達到國(guo)家一(yi)級米(mi)(mi)(mi)標(biao)準。