一.產品介紹
武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)種植鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)歷(li)史悠久,相(xiang)傳唐朝(chao)年(nian)間,曾為(wei)(wei)唐高宗、武(wu)(wu)則天等(deng)五代皇(huang)帝做過御醫的(de)養生大師(shi)葉(xie)法(fa)善晚(wan)年(nian)隱(yin)居于武(wu)(wu)義(yi)西南山區(原宣平(ping)縣(xian))一帶(dai),為(wei)(wei)后人留下許(xu)多(duo)御用秘(mi)方,而武(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)正(zheng)是這些(xie)組方、遺方中的(de)精(jing)華所在。明朝(chao)崇禎丙子年(nian)修(xiu)訂的(de)《宣平(ping)縣(xian)志》(1958年(nian)原宣平(ping)縣(xian)撤銷建制并(bing)入武(wu)(wu)義(yi)縣(xian))記載,“石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu),俗名(ming)(ming)吊蘭……以沙石(shi)(shi)栽(zai)之或(huo)以物盛(sheng)掛(gua)檐(yan)下,經(jing)年(nian)不(bu)死,俗名(ming)(ming)為(wei)(wei)千年(nian)潤(run)。”明確了(le)武(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)人工栽(zai)培已有(you)370多(duo)年(nian)歷(li)史。 近年(nian)來,武(wu)(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)皮石(shi)(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業發展迅速,先后獲得中國(guo)義(yi)烏(國(guo)際)森林(lin)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)博覽會金(jin)獎、金(jin)華市優質農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)金(jin)獎等(deng)獎項;同時(shi)被評為(wei)(wei)浙江名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、金(jin)華名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、浙江名(ming)(ming)牌產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)、金(jin)華市知名(ming)(ming)商品(pin)(pin)稱(cheng)號(hao)等(deng)榮譽稱(cheng)號(hao)。
二.自然生(sheng)態環(huan)境和人文歷史因素
1、地理地貌 武(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛種(zhong)植(zhi)于武(wu)義(yi)縣(xian)中南部(bu)山(shan)區,屬(shu)(shu)仙霞(xia)嶺山(shan)脈,丹霞(xia)地貌帶。地勢南高(gao)(gao)北(bei)低(di),三面(mian)環山(shan),峰(feng)巒疊嶂,丘陵蜿蜒起伏,植(zhi)被豐(feng)富。海拔(ba)千米(mi)以(yi)上(shang)的山(shan)峰(feng)有(you)79座(zuo),最高(gao)(gao)峰(feng)牛頭山(shan)國(guo)家森林(lin)公園位(wei)于武(wu)義(yi)、遂昌兩縣(xian)交界,峰(feng)高(gao)(gao)1560米(mi),為(wei)浙中第(di)一(yi)(yi)峰(feng)。境內森林(lin)茂(mao)密,覆蓋率達(da)85.93%(全縣(xian)森林(lin)覆蓋率達(da)72%),自(zi)然生(sheng)(sheng)態環境優越,非常(chang)適宜鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛的生(sheng)(sheng)長。 2、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)地 保護區內有(you)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、巖石性土(tu)(tu)、潮土(tu)(tu)、水(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)5個土(tu)(tu)類,主(zhu)要(yao)為(wei)紅壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)、黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)呈地域性和(he)(he)垂直分布,PH值為(wei)5.5-7.5,微酸(suan)性或酸(suan)性,土(tu)(tu)質(zhi)肥沃(wo),富含有(you)機質(zhi)(山(shan)地有(you)機質(zhi)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)含量(liang)達(da)4.03%),保水(shui)(shui)保肥能(neng)力強,排灌(guan)條件好(hao)。 3、水(shui)(shui)文 境內中部(bu)由東至(zhi)西以(yi)大(da)(da)殿(dian)嶺至(zhi)樊嶺為(wei)界,形成(cheng)南北(bei)兩大(da)(da)水(shui)(shui)系。南部(bu)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)麗(li)江(jiang)大(da)(da)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),屬(shu)(shu)甌(ou)江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)有(you)東溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)與西溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi),以(yi)及(ji)兩溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)匯流(liu)(liu)后的午溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)(宣平(ping)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi));北(bei)部(bu)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)入(ru)金華婺江(jiang),屬(shu)(shu)錢(qian)塘江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系,主(zhu)要(yao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)武(wu)義(yi)江(jiang)及(ji)其(qi)一(yi)(yi)二(er)級(ji)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)麻陽港(gang)、熟溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)等。保護區內大(da)(da)小(xiao)河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)密布,均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)屬(shu)(shu)山(shan)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)性河(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),上(shang)游為(wei)崇山(shan)峻嶺,源短流(liu)(liu)急,河(he)(he)(he)床狹窄比降大(da)(da),水(shui)(shui)量(liang)豐(feng)沛,洪枯(ku)明顯。水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈、純凈。建(jian)有(you)宣平(ping)溪(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)水(shui)(shui)庫(庫容3105萬(wan)立方)、源口水(shui)(shui)庫(庫容2220萬(wan)立方)兩座(zuo)中型水(shui)(shui)庫,水(shui)(shui)質(zhi)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)到國(guo)家Ⅱ級(ji)飲用水(shui)(shui)標準,是(shi)理想(xiang)的農(nong)業生(sheng)(sheng)產和(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)活用水(shui)(shui)。 4、氣(qi)候 武(wu)義(yi)鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛種(zhong)植(zhi)區域屬(shu)(shu)亞(ya)熱(re)帶季(ji)風氣(qi)候。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫16.9℃,年際間在16.2~17.6℃范圍內變(bian)動。1月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫4.8℃,7月平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)溫28.4℃。年最低(di)溫-8℃、最高(gao)(gao)溫39℃,極端溫度日(ri)數少(shao)。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)(shui)1524毫(hao)米(mi),相對濕度為(wei)81%。年均(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)1838小(xiao)時,日(ri)照(zhao)率41%。無霜期279天。山(shan)間云(yun)霧繚繞,夏季(ji)涼(liang)爽。
三.地域范圍
武義鐵皮(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志(zhi)地域保護范圍,東至泉(quan)溪(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)車蘇和千丈巖(yan),南到三(san)(san)港鄉三(san)(san)港村,西(xi)起(qi)西(xi)聯鄉大(da)坑下,北至白姆鄉張坑和長蛇(she)形村,地理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)119°28′—119°55′,北緯28°32′—28°50′,包(bao)括武義縣(xian)王宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、白姆鄉、泉(quan)溪(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、俞源鄉、熟溪(xi)(xi)街(jie)道、坦(tan)洪鄉、柳城鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、桃溪(xi)(xi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、新宅鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、西(xi)聯鄉、大(da)田鄉、三(san)(san)港鄉、大(da)溪(xi)(xi)口鄉等13個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)街(jie)道95個(ge)行政村。可種植面積2388.7公(gong)頃(qing),2011年種植面積452公(gong)頃(qing)。
四.產品品質(zhi)特(te)性(xing)特(te)征
1、外(wai)在(zai)感(gan)官特征 1.1鮮品 莖(jing)(jing)黃綠(lv)色(se),縱(zong)紋色(se)淺。花(hua)(hua)黃綠(lv)色(se)。略具(ju)青(qing)草(cao)香氣,味淡或(huo)微(wei)甜(tian),嚼之初有黏(nian)(nian)滑感(gan),繼有濃厚粘(zhan)滯感(gan)。園柱形(xing)(xing),橫斷面圓形(xing)(xing),節間微(wei)胖;節明顯,節間1.3 cm~1.7cm,不分(fen)枝,莖(jing)(jing)粗2mm~6mm,葉(xie)二列,互生,矩園狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),基部下(xia)(xia)延為(wei)抱莖(jing)(jing)的(de)鞘,邊緣和中肋(lei)常(chang)(chang)帶淡紫色(se),葉(xie)鞘常(chang)(chang)具(ju)紫斑,老時其上緣與(yu)莖(jing)(jing)松(song)離而張開,并且留(liu)下(xia)(xia)1個環狀(zhuang)鐵(tie)(tie)青(qing)的(de)間隙。總狀(zhuang)花(hua)(hua)序(xu)常(chang)(chang)從葉(xie)的(de)老莖(jing)(jing)上部發出(chu),具(ju)花(hua)(hua)2朵~3朵;萼片和花(hua)(hua)瓣黃綠(lv)色(se),長(chang)園狀(zhuang)披針(zhen)形(xing)(xing),長(chang)約1.8cm,寬4mm~5mm。 1.2干(gan)(gan)品(鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)楓(feng)斗) 黃綠(lv)色(se)。略具(ju)青(qing)草(cao)香氣,味淡,后(hou)微(wei)甜(tian),嚼之初有黏(nian)(nian)滑感(gan),繼有濃厚粘(zhan)滯感(gan),無(wu)渣滓。呈螺旋形(xing)(xing)或(huo)彈簧狀(zhuang),一般(ban)為(wei)3~5個旋紋,莖(jing)(jing)拉直后(hou)長(chang)3.5cm~8 cm,直徑0.2cm~0.3 cm,表面有細縱(zong)皺紋,質(zhi)堅實,易折斷,斷面平坦。 2、內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標(biao) 2.1鮮品 水分(fen)≤88%,粗多糖(以葡萄糖計)≥25%(干(gan)(gan)燥后(hou))。 2.2干(gan)(gan)品(鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)楓(feng)斗) 水分(fen)≤12%,灰分(fen)≤6.0%,酸(suan)不溶性灰分(fen)≤1.2%,浸出(chu)物≥6.5%,粗多糖(以無(wu)水葡萄糖計)≥25%,甘露糖與(yu)葡萄糖峰面積比(bi)為(wei)2.4~8.0,甘露糖13.0%~38.0%。 2.3、安全要(yao)求 執行(xing)浙江省地方標(biao)準《無(wu)公害(hai) 鐵(tie)(tie)皮(pi)石斛》(DB33/635.4-2007)的(de)標(biao)準。
五.特定生產方式
1、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze) 武義鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)在(zai)(zai)(zai)距離(li)交(jiao)通(tong)主干(gan)(gan)道100m以(yi)(yi)(yi)外,遠離(li)廠礦企業等(deng)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)源(yuan),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境(jing)(jing)良(liang)好,水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)充分(fen)(fen),具有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)持續生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)能力的(de)(de)河谷(gu)、山谷(gu)坡地(di)(di)和(he)(he)(he)臺坡地(di)(di)等(deng)區域(yu)。基(ji)地(di)(di)海(hai)拔(ba)高(gao)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)250~800米(mi)間(jian),土(tu)壤肥沃,土(tu)層(ceng)大(da)于(yu)30cm,排(pai)灌(guan)良(liang)好,相(xiang)對集(ji)中連片(pian),可(ke)(ke)專業化(hua)(hua)、規(gui)模化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)。大(da)氣(qi)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)質等(deng)條件(jian)必須符合(he)(he)浙(zhe)江省地(di)(di)方標(biao)準(zhun)《無公害鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)》產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)(DB33/T635.1-2007)的(de)(de)要(yao)求。 2、品種要(yao)求 選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)適應性(xing)、抗(kang)逆性(xing)強,豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)性(xing)、商品性(xing)好,有(you)(you)效成分(fen)(fen)含量(liang)高(gao),適宜(yi)當地(di)(di)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)“仙斛(hu)(hu)1號(hao)”、“仙斛(hu)(hu)2號(hao)”等(deng)優良(liang)品種(品系)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)種苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)應符合(he)(he)《中國植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)志》收(shou)(shou)(shou)載(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)蘭科植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)特征,并經過鑒定(ding)確認。利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)組織培(pei)(pei)養技(ji)術培(pei)(pei)育(yu)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)的(de)(de)實生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗(miao)(miao)、原(yuan)球莖誘(you)導(dao)苗(miao)(miao)和(he)(he)(he)不定(ding)芽誘(you)導(dao)苗(miao)(miao)。原(yuan)球莖繼代(dai)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)~5代(dai),不定(ding)芽繼代(dai)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3代(dai)以(yi)(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)的(de)(de)苗(miao)(miao)應該為(wei)非污(wu)(wu)染(ran)、無爛莖、爛根、黃葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)齡在(zai)(zai)(zai)4片(pian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上,正常展開,葉(xie)(xie)色嫩綠或(huo)翠綠。苗(miao)(miao)株(zhu)高(gao)≥2.5厘米(mi),莖粗≥0.2厘米(mi)。 3、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管理(li) 生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)嚴格按照《有(you)(you)機產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品》第(di)一(yi)(yi)部(bu)分(fen)(fen):生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(GB/T19630.1-2005)的(de)(de)要(yao)求,進(jin)行(xing)(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan),確保(bao)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品優質安全(quan)。 3.1場地(di)(di)準(zhun)備 栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)設施(shi)搭建(jian)前先深(shen)翻(fan)土(tu)壤20cm~30cm,暴曬,表(biao)面撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石(shi)灰100kg/667平方米(mi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)深(shen)翻(fan)消(xiao)毒(du)。架設玻璃溫(wen)室或(huo)大(da)棚,配置遮(zhe)陽網(wang)、噴霧和(he)(he)(he)灌(guan)溉等(deng)設備設施(shi)。開溝(gou)作畦(qi),畦(qi)寬1.2m~1.4m、長(chang)≤40m;畦(qi)面呈龜背型,畦(qi)高(gao)約(yue)15cm;開好畦(qi)溝(gou)、圍(wei)(wei)溝(gou),使(shi)溝(gou)溝(gou)相(xiang)通(tong),并有(you)(you)出水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)口。 3.2鋪設基(ji)質 要(yao)求土(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)大(da)于(yu)30cm,將(jiang)(jiang)基(ji)質鋪在(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)層(ceng)上,高(gao)約(yue)10cm,可(ke)(ke)播(bo)種共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)菌菌種。基(ji)質選(xuan)擇(ze)松(song)鱗、苔蘚、植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)根、莖、葉(xie)(xie)及(ji)碎(sui)石(shi)片(pian)等(deng)。基(ji)質在(zai)(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)前應該經堆制(zhi)發酵3~4天(tian)(tian)處(chu)(chu)理(li),含水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)控制(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)60%左右。 3.3種苗(miao)(miao)移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai) 移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)宜(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)3月下(xia)旬(xun)~10月底。用(yong)(yong)清(qing)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)將(jiang)(jiang)組培(pei)(pei)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)根部(bu)的(de)(de)培(pei)(pei)養基(ji)充分(fen)(fen)清(qing)洗干(gan)(gan)凈。移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)(yi)2株(zhu)~4株(zhu)為(wei)一(yi)(yi)叢,按10cm×10cm行(xing)(xing)株(zhu)距栽(zai)(zai)種。 3.4移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)后肥水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溫(wen)管理(li) 在(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),應采(cai)用(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)陽降(jiang)(jiang)低光照。鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)適宜(yi)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)為(wei)15℃~28℃,栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)(pei)棚內(nei)(nei)溫(wen)度(du)應低于(yu)45℃,高(gao)于(yu)0℃。在(zai)(zai)(zai)入(ru)冬(dong)季之前,要(yao)對鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)抗(kang)凍煉苗(miao)(miao)并適當降(jiang)(jiang)溫(wen)。越(yue)冬(dong)的(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)候(hou),要(yao)注(zhu)意保(bao)溫(wen)。基(ji)質以(yi)(yi)(yi)偏干(gan)(gan)為(wei)好,栽(zai)(zai)種后視(shi)植(zhi)株(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)情(qing)況,在(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)三天(tian)(tian)開始可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)第(di)一(yi)(yi)次澆水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。若(ruo)遇天(tian)(tian)氣(qi)干(gan)(gan)旱,可(ke)(ke)結合(he)(he)追肥進(jin)行(xing)(xing)灌(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。伏天(tian)(tian)干(gan)(gan)旱,可(ke)(ke)在(zai)(zai)(zai)早晚(wan)噴水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),切勿在(zai)(zai)(zai)陽光暴曬下(xia)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)。雨季時(shi)(shi),要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)清(qing)溝(gou)理(li)墑(di),加(jia)(jia)深(shen)畦(qi)溝(gou)和(he)(he)(he)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)溝(gou),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。栽(zai)(zai)種一(yi)(yi)周(zhou)后開始施(shi)肥,禁止(zhi)施(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學肥料、城市(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活垃(la)圾(ji)、醫院垃(la)圾(ji)、工(gong)(gong)業垃(la)圾(ji)和(he)(he)(he)糞(fen)便,只施(shi)腐熟(shu)有(you)(you)機肥或(huo)商品有(you)(you)機肥,以(yi)(yi)(yi)保(bao)證生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)優質安全(quan)。 3.5病(bing)(bing)蟲草(cao)(cao)害防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 栽(zai)(zai)種后要(yao)及(ji)時(shi)(shi)人(ren)工(gong)(gong)除草(cao)(cao)和(he)(he)(he)松(song)土(tu),禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)任何除草(cao)(cao)劑。病(bing)(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)遵(zun)循“預(yu)防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主、綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方針(zhen),優先采(cai)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi),進(jin)行(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)預(yu)處(chu)(chu)理(li)、清(qing)理(li)場地(di)(di)周(zhou)圍(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)雜物(wu)(wu)、棚內(nei)(nei)外嚴格隔離(li),應用(yong)(yong)遮(zhe)蔭網(wang),合(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)通(tong)風(feng)、降(jiang)(jiang)濕。綜(zong)合(he)(he)利(li)(li)用(yong)(yong)物(wu)(wu)理(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi),開展以(yi)(yi)(yi)竹醋液(ye)、石(shi)灰、黑光燈誘(you)殺(sha)以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)其他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)、礦物(wu)(wu)農(nong)藥(yao)等(deng)綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。禁止(zhi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學合(he)(he)成農(nong)藥(yao),防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)有(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)害物(wu)(wu)質對鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)和(he)(he)(he)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)。 4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)與(yu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong) 采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)兩年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)上部(bu)分(fen)(fen)植(zhi)株(zhu)。鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)可(ke)(ke)全(quan)年(nian)按成熟(shu)度(du)分(fen)(fen)批分(fen)(fen)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)制(zhi)作鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)楓(feng)斗的(de)(de),則11月至次年(nian)4月采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)前對所有(you)(you)器具、運輸車輛、包裝物(wu)(wu)等(deng)檢(jian)修、清(qing)洗、消(xiao)毒(du)。采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)后及(ji)時(shi)(shi)取樣,檢(jian)測(ce)多(duo)糖、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)份等(deng),貯藏陰涼潮濕處(chu)(chu),防(fang)(fang)凍。鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)楓(feng)斗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong):將(jiang)(jiang)鮮鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)莖在(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火(huo)上微烤(kao),并不斷翻(fan)動,使(shi)受熱均勻(yun),撿較長(chang)者酌予剪斷成約(yue)5~7cm長(chang)。烤(kao)至枝(zhi)條柔軟時(shi)(shi),用(yong)(yong)雙(shuang)手的(de)(de)大(da)拇指(zhi)、食指(zhi)、中指(zhi)夾住莖的(de)(de)兩端(duan),緩(huan)(huan)緩(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)力扭曲,邊扭邊烤(kao),待繞成了(le)3~5環(huan),用(yong)(yong)手指(zhi)壓成螺旋形圓柱狀(zhuang)(zhuang),再用(yong)(yong)牛皮(pi)(pi)(pi)紙(zhi)固定(ding),置通(tong)風(feng)處(chu)(chu)放置數日(ri)(ri),拆(chai)去紙(zhi)條,再在(zai)(zai)(zai)炭(tan)火(huo)上烘烤(kao)至干(gan)(gan)。 5、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄 建(jian)立鐵(tie)皮(pi)(pi)(pi)石(shi)斛(hu)(hu)田間(jian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)檔(dang)案、加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)檔(dang)案。記錄土(tu)壤、灌(guan)溉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)、空氣(qi)等(deng)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)質量(liang)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)況和(he)(he)(he)小氣(qi)候(hou)資料;如(ru)實記載(zai)(zai)育(yu)苗(miao)(miao)、移(yi)(yi)栽(zai)(zai)時(shi)(shi)間(jian),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)業投入(ru)品的(de)(de)名(ming)稱、來源(yuan)、用(yong)(yong)法、用(yong)(yong)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)日(ri)(ri)期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),病(bing)(bing)蟲草(cao)(cao)害的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)和(he)(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)情(qing)況;產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)、采(cai)收(shou)(shou)(shou)量(liang)、鮮重(zhong)和(he)(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)、干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)減(jian)重(zhong)、運輸、貯藏以(yi)(yi)(yi)及(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)培(pei)(pei)訓情(qing)況。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)記錄實行(xing)(xing)專人(ren)負責,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)歸檔(dang),保(bao)存期(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)三年(nian)以(yi)(yi)(yi)上。
六.包裝(zhuang)標識相關(guan)規定
1、包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang) 包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)材(cai)料符合(he)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)衛生(sheng)要求,應干(gan)燥、清潔(jie)、無毒(du)、無異氣味,不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)。包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)應牢固、防潮、整(zheng)潔(jie)。 2、標(biao)(biao)識(shi) 銷(xiao)售(shou)的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)標(biao)(biao)簽(qian)應標(biao)(biao)明產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)、采摘日(ri)期(qi)(或(huo)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)日(ri)期(qi))、凈含量、保質(zhi)期(qi)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)編號、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(或(huo)經(jing)銷(xiao)單(dan)位)名(ming)稱(cheng)和(he)(he)地(di)(di)址。標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)人應在(zai)其產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)其包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)標(biao)(biao)有(you)(you)(you)(you)“武義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛”字樣(yang)和(he)(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)。經(jing)認(ren)證(zheng)獲(huo)(huo)得無公(gong)害、綠色或(huo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛可在(zai)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)加貼相(xiang)應的產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)。 3、貯(zhu)藏 選(xuan)擇清潔(jie)、衛生(sheng)、無污染(ran)(ran)的場所。嚴禁與(yu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)害、有(you)(you)(you)(you)異味、易污染(ran)(ran)的物品(pin)(pin)(pin)放在(zai)一起。 4、運(yun)輸(shu) 產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的運(yun)輸(shu)應選(xuan)擇清潔(jie)、衛生(sheng)、無污染(ran)(ran)的運(yun)輸(shu)工具,運(yun)輸(shu)過程應防止雨淋(lin)、暴曬。嚴禁與(yu)其他有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒(du)有(you)(you)(you)(you)害物混運(yun)。 5、標(biao)(biao)識(shi)管理(li) 地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍(wei)內(nei)的武義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)經(jing)營者,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)或(huo)包(bao)(bao)(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)使用(yong)已獲(huo)(huo)得等級保護(hu)的武義鐵(tie)皮(pi)石斛地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須向登記證(zheng)書持有(you)(you)(you)(you)人提(ti)出申(shen)請,并(bing)簽(qian)訂相(xiang)關合(he)同,按(an)照相(xiang)關要求規范(fan)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)(he)使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),統(tong)一采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名(ming)稱(cheng)和(he)(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公(gong)共標(biao)(biao)識(shi)相(xiang)結合(he)的標(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)注(zhu)方法(fa)。