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大荔(li)花(hua)生是陜西(xi)(xi)省久(jiu)負盛名的特產，主產于陜西(xi)(xi)關中平原東部的大荔(li)縣一帶(dai)。

以莢果(guo)(guo)碩大，籽(zi)仁飽滿，果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)潔白(bai)；色澤鮮艷，香脆可口(kou)，出油率高，營養(yang)豐富，宜于貯存(cun)，品質(zhi)優良(liang)等特點而著(zhu)稱。可與山東大花(hua)生(sheng)、鄭州花(hua)生(sheng)相媲美。

大荔花生

“麻屋(wu)子，紅(hong)帳子，里(li)面睡著白胖子”。這一則打(da)“花生(sheng)”的謎(mi)語，把花生(sheng)的形象，比喻得(de)十分生(sheng)動有趣。

大荔花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)是陜西省久(jiu)負盛名(ming)的(de)(de)特產(chan)(chan)，主產(chan)(chan)于陜西關(guan)中平原東部(bu)的(de)(de)大荔縣一帶。《大荔縣志稿》記載：“南鄉沙苑，橫(heng)亙商(shang)阜，低灘隙(xi)地(di)無(wu)幾，加以風(feng)沙飛(fei)走，地(di)力薄弱(ruo)，不善五谷。光(guang)緒初，邑宰倡鑿井(jing)、各村頗遵行之。然沙苑地(di)狹風(feng)多麥粟終(zhong)寡；其所(suo)產(chan)(chan)則金針；落花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、紅(hong)茹等”。它以莢果碩大，籽仁飽滿，果皮潔(jie)白；色澤鮮艷(yan)，香脆可口，出(chu)油(you)率(lv)高，營養豐富(fu)，宜于貯存，品(pin)質優(you)良等特點而著(zhu)稱(cheng)于世。可與全國著(zhu)名(ming)的(de)(de)山東大花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)、鄭州花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)相(xiang)媲(pi)美(mei)，是陜西重要的(de)(de)內銷和出(chu)口商(shang)品(pin)。

花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)(you)料(liao)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)，也是(shi)(shi)(shi)群眾喜(xi)愛的(de)(de)(de)干果，是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)們健身增壽的(de)(de)(de)食(shi)療保健佳(jia)品(pin)(pin)。它和(he)(he)大(da)豆一樣被人(ren)(ren)們譽為(wei)“植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)肉(rou)”。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)僅可口，而(er)(er)且(qie)營(ying)養價(jia)值(zhi)高，在(zai)國外有(you)“綠色牛(niu)(niu)奶”之(zhi)稱(cheng)。其花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質24％～36％，脂肪44％～54％，油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量46.5％～52．3％，亞(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)27．5％～34.32％，油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)與(yu)亞(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)比(bi)值(zhi)為(wei)1．29～1．85。并(bing)(bing)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)8種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)、維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素C、E、B，以(yi)(yi)及鈣、鉀、磷、鎂(mei)、硫、鐵等無機營(ying)養成分。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)芥酸(suan)，含(han)(han)(han)(han)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需(xu)而(er)(er)又從動物(wu)(wu)脂肪里得不(bu)(bu)到的(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)(ya)油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)，且(qie)占油(you)(you)(you)(you)酸(suan)量的(de)(de)(de)18％～45％，比(bi)菜籽油(you)(you)(you)(you)高1～3倍。經常食(shi)用(yong)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)和(he)(he)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)油(you)(you)(you)(you)，可降低血(xue)壓(ya)，有(you)利(li)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)機能活動，防止(zhi)肝(gan)硬(ying)化和(he)(he)其它生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理疾病(bing)。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)仁(ren)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質之(zhi)豐富實出人(ren)(ren)意料(liao)。據(ju)專家分析，以(yi)(yi)同等重(zhong)量計算，花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)所(suo)含(han)(han)(han)(han)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質竟然比(bi)牛(niu)(niu)排、火(huo)腿還要(yao)多哩!而(er)(er)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)優質蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)，和(he)(he)雞蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)的(de)(de)(de)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質相仿。人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)必需(xu)的(de)(de)(de)8種(zhong)氨基酸(suan)齊(qi)全，特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)谷氨酸(suan)和(he)(he)天門冬(dong)氨酸(suan)的(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量較高，對(dui)(dui)促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)腦細胞發(fa)育和(he)(he)增加記憶(yi)力都有(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)氨基酸(suan)與(yu)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)氨基酸(suan)組成相近，極(ji)易被人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)吸收，而(er)(er)不(bu)(bu)含(han)(han)(han)(han)膽(dan)固醇。如果將(jiang)常用(yong)食(shi)物(wu)(wu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)學價(jia)值(zhi)進行比(bi)較，在(zai)植(zhi)物(wu)(wu)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)質中，花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)名(ming)列前茅(mao)。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)中含(han)(han)(han)(han)有(you)維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素E，維生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素E又稱(cheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育酚，對(dui)(dui)人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)正常生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活活動有(you)重(zhong)要(yao)保護功(gong)能，促(cu)進人(ren)(ren)體(ti)(ti)(ti)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖功(gong)能發(fa)育。花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)高蛋(dan)(dan)(dan)白(bai)(bai)、低糖類、易消(xiao)化食(shi)品(pin)(pin)。因此，對(dui)(dui)老年人(ren)(ren)可延年益壽，使青(qing)年人(ren)(ren)更加朝氣蓬勃，促(cu)進兒童智(zhi)力發(fa)育和(he)(he)健康成長，并(bing)(bing)且(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)病(bing)弱者的(de)(de)(de)最佳(jia)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)，民間(jian)很(hen)早就有(you)“長壽果”、“生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長果”的(de)(de)(de)美名(ming)。

花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)經濟(ji)價值高，用途(tu)廣。除食(shi)用、榨(zha)油(you)外，還(huan)是重要的食(shi)品加工原料，如五香(xiang)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)米、油(you)炸花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)蛋白(bai)粉、蛋白(bai)肉、花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)醬、花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)罐頭、花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)粘、糖(tang)果、糕點等花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)食(shi)品。大荔縣十多家食(shi)品加工廠，還(huan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)酥糕、雪花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、琥珀花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、可(ke)可(ke)花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、人(ren)壽果等十多種花(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)系(xi)列產(chan)品，深(shen)受人(ren)們歡(huan)迎。吃起來滿口生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)香(xiang)，回味無窮，逢年過節，用來招待客人(ren)，或饋贈親友，極為適宜(yi)。

花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)還(huan)有較(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)用(yong)價值。其仁(ren)、種皮(紅外衣(yi))、果殼、莖、葉(xie)、油(you)，均可入(ru)藥(yao)(yao)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)具有滋養、潤(run)肺，和胃的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)能(neng)。對(dui)肺燥(zao)干咳(ke)、小兒(er)百日咳(ke)、高(gao)血(xue)(xue)(xue)壓(ya)、內臟(zang)出血(xue)(xue)(xue)、蟲積(ji)(ji)腹痛、婦女產后缺乳等疾病(bing)，均有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)療效。祖(zu)國(guo)醫(yi)學早有記載。據(ju)《本草備要》、《滇南本草》、《藥(yao)(yao)性考》等醫(yi)書記述：花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米有“補脾潤(run)肺”、“補中益氣”、“開胃醒脾”的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用(yong)。還(huan)能(neng)“治(zhi)(zhi)腳(jiao)氣及婦人乳汁缺乏(fa)”、“鹽水煮食(shi)治(zhi)(zhi)肺癆(lao)，炒用(yong)燥(zao)火行(xing)血(xue)(xue)(xue)，治(zhi)(zhi)一切腹內冷(leng)積(ji)(ji)肚痛”。現代醫(yi)學證實花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)米的(de)(de)(de)(de)紅外衣(yi)，能(neng)抑制纖維蛋白(bai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶解，促進(jin)骨髓制造血(xue)(xue)(xue)小板，加強毛細血(xue)(xue)(xue)管的(de)(de)(de)(de)收縮機能(neng)，對(dui)各種出血(xue)(xue)(xue)性疾病(bing)，不但有較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)止血(xue)(xue)(xue)作用(yong)，且對(dui)原發(fa)病(bing)有較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)療效。用(yong)花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)衣(yi)制成的(de)(de)(de)(de)成藥(yao)(yao)“血(xue)(xue)(xue)寧片”，對(dui)治(zhi)(zhi)療出血(xue)(xue)(xue)癥有一定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)治(zhi)(zhi)療效能(neng)。花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)油(you)可治(zhi)(zhi)蛔蟲性腸梗阻、腸炎。花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)殼對(dui)久咳(ke)久喘(chuan)、咳(ke)痰帶血(xue)(xue)(xue)等癥，也有一定(ding)療效。花(hua)(hua)(hua)生(sheng)葉(xie)還(huan)可治(zhi)(zhi)療神經衰弱、失眠等癥。