一.產品介紹
永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)起源(yuan)(yuan)于(yu)(yu)野生鴻雁,是鴨科雁屬鴻雁的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)變(bian)種(zhong),據《大理州(zhou)地(di)(di)方畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》記載,1263年(nian)(nian)(nian)永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)回(hui)族(zu)(zu)紇氏開始馴養(yang)(yang)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)(鴻雁),迄今為(wei)止已有(you)(you)(you)750多(duo)(duo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷史(shi)。永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是當(dang)地(di)(di)回(hui)族(zu)(zu)農(nong)民(min)(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)特(te)(te)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理氣候(hou)(hou)環(huan)境、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)條件、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)習(xi)慣(guan)下(xia)(xia),在(zai)(zai)(zai)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)實踐中(zhong),經(jing)(jing)(jing)精心(xin)選留、馴養(yang)(yang)培(pei)育和自然選擇(ze)(ze),逐步形(xing)成(cheng)了獨具特(te)(te)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong),具有(you)(you)(you)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)力強,喙(hui)、羽毛(mao)、肉瘤、頸、肉色、膚色、體(ti)型、生產(chan)性(xing)能、繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)性(xing)能遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)穩定(ding),毛(mao)色純凈、繁(fan)(fan)殖(zhi)力高(gao)、就巢性(xing)強、早期(qi)生長(chang)速度(du)快、耐粗飼(si)(si)(si)(si)、飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)成(cheng)本低、抗病力強、肉味(wei)鮮美、鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肥肝大、油(you)脂含(han)量高(gao)等特(te)(te)質。1980年(nian)(nian)(nian)收錄于(yu)(yu)《大理州(zhou)地(di)(di)方畜(chu)禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》,1987年(nian)(nian)(nian)收錄于(yu)(yu)《云南省家畜(chu)家禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)志(zhi)(zhi)》。2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)7月(yue)經(jing)(jing)(jing)國(guo)(guo)家畜(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)委員會(hui)審定(ding)、鑒定(ding)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo),將永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)地(di)(di)方優(you)良(liang)(liang)家禽(qin)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)確定(ding)為(wei)云南鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e),列入國(guo)(guo)家級畜(chu)禽(qin)遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)名錄,并將永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)定(ding)為(wei)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)(di)中(zhong)心(xin)產(chan)區(qu)。永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)曾在(zai)(zai)(zai)中(zhong)央電視臺七(qi)套《致(zhi)富經(jing)(jing)(jing)》作過(guo)(guo)(guo)專(zhuan)題報道,加(jia)工產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在(zai)(zai)(zai)昆明國(guo)(guo)際旅游節(jie)商品(pin)(pin)展銷(xiao)會(hui)上評(ping)為(wei)“名特(te)(te)優(you)旅游商品(pin)(pin)獎(jiang)”;“永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)”曾連續(xu)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)獲得(de)大理州(zhou)三月(yue)街民(min)(min)族(zu)(zu)節(jie)展銷(xiao)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)“金花獎(jiang)”。 永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)縣(xian)(xian)屬北亞(ya)熱帶高(gao)原(yuan)季風氣候(hou)(hou),由于(yu)(yu)海拔(ba)和地(di)(di)區(qu)環(huan)境等因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響,“一(yi)(yi)山分(fen)四季,隔里(li)不(bu)同天(tian)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)立體(ti)氣候(hou)(hou)特(te)(te)征。境內河流(liu)眾多(duo)(duo),水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)好,自然生態條件為(wei)永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)成(cheng)提供了良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)環(huan)境,在(zai)(zai)(zai)永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)海拔(ba)1800m以下(xia)(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)江河流(liu)域、湖泊(bo)、池塘、水(shui)(shui)溝、沼澤地(di)(di)等水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞(ya)熱帶地(di)(di)段都有(you)(you)(you)大規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)。當(dang)地(di)(di)群眾飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)雛(chu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)有(you)(you)(you)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)喂碎玉米(mi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan),種(zhong)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)和雌鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)糧(liang)食作物中(zhong)又以玉米(mi)、麥子為(wei)主,多(duo)(duo)采(cai)取自由放(fang)養(yang)(yang),使(shi)其在(zai)(zai)(zai)河流(liu)、池塘、沼澤地(di)(di)、水(shui)(shui)溝邊得(de)到充分(fen)活動(dong),并可(ke)獲得(de)較(jiao)多(duo)(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)礦物質、青綠飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)、蟲(chong)類等天(tian)然良(liang)(liang)好飼(si)(si)(si)(si)料(liao)。白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)回(hui)民(min)(min)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主食品(pin)(pin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)油(you)亦是當(dang)地(di)(di)回(hui)民(min)(min)攝取脂肪的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要(yao)途徑之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),當(dang)地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)民(min)(min)傳(chuan)(chuan)統(tong)習(xi)慣(guan)是每年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月(yue)陸(lu)續(xu)宰后腌制成(cheng)臘鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e),作為(wei)訪友待客或禮品(pin)(pin)相送。加(jia)上回(hui)族(zu)(zu)群眾宗(zong)教信仰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)因,有(you)(you)(you)“只是回(hui)民(min)(min)中(zhong)可(ke)買賣(mai)或外賣(mai),但卻不(bu)與漢人買”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)習(xi)慣(guan),進行自繁(fan)(fan)自養(yang)(yang)。經(jing)(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)(guo)長(chang)期(qi)選育,一(yi)(yi)些優(you)良(liang)(liang)基因得(de)到擴大、發展、優(you)良(liang)(liang)性(xing)狀(zhuang)得(de)到遺(yi)傳(chuan)(chuan)和純化。于(yu)(yu)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)漫長(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程中(zhong),在(zai)(zai)(zai)永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理氣候(hou)(hou)以及飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)環(huan)境下(xia)(xia),通(tong)過(guo)(guo)(guo)當(dang)地(di)(di)長(chang)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)自然和人工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)(ze)培(pei)育,最(zui)終形(xing)成(cheng)了永(yong)(yong)(yong)平(ping)(ping)(ping)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)這一(yi)(yi)特(te)(te)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)地(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)地(di)(di)廣泛養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi),全縣(xian)(xian)發展規(gui)模較(jiao)大,回(hui)民(min)(min)戶均常年(nian)(nian)(nian)養(yang)(yang)殖(zhi)白(bai)(bai)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)在(zai)(zai)(zai)200只以上。由于(yu)(yu)鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)是草食水(shui)(shui)禽(qin),方便飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),鵝(e)(e)(e)(e)(e)肉營養(yang)(yang)豐(feng)富,味(wei)道鮮美,在(zai)(zai)(zai)本縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)較(jiao)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漢族(zu)(zu)村莊也大量仿效飼(si)(si)(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)定(ding)規(gui)模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。年(nian)(nian)(nian)存(cun)欄(lan)15萬只。
二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素
1、 地(di)質地(di)貌(mao):養殖區域最(zui)高海(hai)拔2979.1m,最(zui)低(di)海(hai)拔1120m,平(ping)均(jun)海(hai)拔1670m,適宜養殖區域海(hai)拔為1200—1800m的壩區、半山區、低(di)熱河谷地(di)帶。土壤(rang)(rang)類型主要是紫色(se)土壤(rang)(rang)、紅色(se)土壤(rang)(rang)、黃棕(zong)土壤(rang)(rang)和沖積土壤(rang)(rang)。
2、 水(shui)(shui)(shui)文(wen)情況(kuang):養殖區有銀江(jiang)河、倒流河、六米(mi)河、上村河及其支流河穿(chuan)境而過,歸屬瀾滄江(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系。水(shui)(shui)(shui)資源(yuan)豐富,無污(wu)染(ran),水(shui)(shui)(shui)質清潔。
3、 氣候(hou)特點(dian):養(yang)殖(zhi)區域屬(shu)北亞熱帶季(ji)風氣候(hou),具有冬干夏濕山地溫(wen)(wen)涼的氣候(hou)特點(dian),冬無(wu)嚴寒,夏無(wu)酷暑,干濕度分(fen)明的立體氣候(hou)。一般雨季(ji)主要集(ji)中在7~9月,最(zui)(zui)高年降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)1342.9㎜,最(zui)(zui)低年降(jiang)(jiang)雨量(liang)(liang)為697.3㎜,年均降(jiang)(jiang)水量(liang)(liang)1043mm,年最(zui)(zui)高氣溫(wen)(wen)33.2℃,最(zui)(zui)低氣溫(wen)(wen)-4.4℃,平(ping)均氣溫(wen)(wen)15.8℃,無(wu)霜期(qi)262天,年平(ping)均日照(zhao)時數2030h。
三.地域范圍
永平(ping)白鵝產地位于(yu)云南(nan)省大理(li)白族自治州(zhou)永平(ping)縣境內(nei),涉及博南(nan)鎮(zhen)、龍(long)街鎮(zhen)、杉陽鎮(zhen)、廠街鄉(xiang)、水泄鄉(xiang)、龍(long)門鄉(xiang)、北斗(dou)鄉(xiang)七個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)。地理(li)坐標為:東(dong)經(jing)99°17′~99°56′,北緯25°03′~25°45′之間,南(nan)北長56.25㎞, 東(dong)西寬51.25㎞,養殖區域范(fan)圍(wei)2884㎞2。年存欄(lan)15萬只(zhi)。
四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性(xing)特征
1、外部特(te)征永平(ping)白鵝(e)成年鵝(e)羽毛為(wei)(wei)(wei)純白色,雛鵝(e)為(wei)(wei)(wei)淡黃(huang)色,成年體重為(wei)(wei)(wei)3.5—5.5公(gong)斤,呈(cheng)橢圓形(xing),屬肉脂兼用(yong)中(zhong)小型鵝(e)種;公(gong)鵝(e)頸(jing)稍長(chang),母鵝(e)頸(jing)偏短,鵝(e)的(de)喙、肉瘤、趾、蹼為(wei)(wei)(wei)桔黃(huang)色,脛為(wei)(wei)(wei)桔紅(hong)色,且短而(er)粗壯有力,耐粗飼(si),抗(kang)逆性強、就(jiu)巢性強。18月齡以上(shang)的(de)種公(gong)鵝(e)肉瘤大而(er)圓稍往前突,視覺、味(wei)覺、觸覺靈敏,嗅覺發(fa)達,叫(jiao)聲(sheng)宏亮,耐粗飼(si),以自然放牧并適當補飼(si),即能(neng)滿足(zu)正常生長(chang)需要(yao),抗(kang)病力強,抗(kang)逆性好。
2、內在品質(zhi)指標永平白鵝(e)油脂(zhi)含量高,肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩、味道鮮美、鵝(e)肥肝大,風(feng)味獨特(te),營養(yang)豐富。其中(zhong),育肥鵝(e)粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪≥35g/100g,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥10.6g/100g,富含多種氨(an)基(ji)酸(人體所需氨(an)基(ji)酸17種);鵝(e)肝中(zhong)粗(cu)脂(zhi)肪含量≥53g/100g,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)≥5g/100g,水份≤35g/100g。
3、 質量安(an)全規(gui)定(ding) 永平白鵝養殖和(he)銷售遵(zun)守《中華(hua)人民共和(he)國動物防疫法》和(he)《中華(hua)人民共和(he)國農(nong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量安(an)全法》等(deng)有關法律法規(gui)的(de)規(gui)定(ding),產品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量嚴格按(an)NY5030-2006《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)畜禽飼養獸(shou)藥使用準則(ze)》, NY5032-2006《無(wu)公(gong)(gong)害食品(pin)(pin)(pin)畜禽飼料和(he)飼料添加(jia)劑使用準則(ze)》的(de)規(gui)定(ding)執(zhi)行。