芒果视频下载

泥哇嗚屬于非物質文化遺產嘛

泥哇(wa)嗚(wu)是(shi)流傳于寧(ning)夏民間的一種自(zi)娛自(zi)樂型樂器，泥哇(wa)嗚(wu)是(shi)塤的一種，2006年被列(lie)入國(guo)家級(ji)非物質(zhi)文化遺產保護名錄項目。

泥哇嗚形制介紹

通體用(yong)黃膠泥(ni)捏(nie)制而成，其形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)、大小(xiao)、音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)數量(liang)和位置(zhi)各不(bu)相同。大者與(yu)鵝卵近似，小(xiao)者有如核(he)桃(tao)。外形(xing)(xing)(xing)式樣有橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)、棗形(xing)(xing)(xing)、魚形(xing)(xing)(xing)、桃(tao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)、娃娃頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)、牛頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)、牛角形(xing)(xing)(xing)、蝶形(xing)(xing)(xing)和扁方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)等等，不(bu)勝枚舉(ju)。一(yi)(yi)般在上(shang)端正(zheng)中開(kai)(kai)吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，在前(qian)(qian)(qian)、后(hou)開(kai)(kai)若干音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。如核(he)桃(tao)形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)，在前(qian)(qian)(qian)面開(kai)(kai)有一(yi)(yi)個(ge)音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)；橢圓形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)，開(kai)(kai)五(wu)個(ge)音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)后(hou)一(yi)(yi))；魚形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)五(wu)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，牛頭形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)上(shang)寬下(xia)尖(jian)，吹孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)在上(shang)方(fang)中間，音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)后(hou)一(yi)(yi))或(huo)六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)四(si)(si)后(hou)二)。牛角形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)，音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)二后(hou)一(yi)(yi))或(huo)六孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)五(wu)后(hou)一(yi)(yi))。蝶形(xing)(xing)(xing)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)，音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)四(si)(si)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(前(qian)(qian)(qian)三(san)(san)后(hou)一(yi)(yi))。還有一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)用(yong)皮革或(huo)綿(mian)紙做的(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)，呈扁方(fang)形(xing)(xing)(xing)，多(duo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)(san)個(ge)音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。泥(ni)哇(wa)嗚(wu)雖形(xing)(xing)(xing)狀(zhuang)、音(yin)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)有別(bie)，但都(dou)在兩側或(huo)底部設有小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)，拴(shuan)系不(bu)同顏色的(de)絲穗或(huo)彩珠作為(wei)(wei)(wei)裝飾。

泥哇嗚吹奏方法

吹(chui)奏時，雙手托捧泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)，拇指、中指夾持，口對吹(chui)孔(kong)送氣(qi)發音(yin)(yin)，指法(fa)各(ge)有不同，音(yin)(yin)域(yu)多(duo)為d1—a1或d1—c2。小者音(yin)(yin)色清脆、悠揚，大者音(yin)(yin)色渾(hun)厚(hou)、深沉。蝶(die)形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)兩端(duan)和牛(niu)角形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)有些相似，外表(biao)美觀、別致，是(shi)(shi)婦女喜愛(ai)吹(chui)奏的(de)(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)品種。牛(niu)頭形泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)在山區或農、牧(mu)(mu)區普(pu)遍使(shi)用(yong)，它(ta)既是(shi)(shi)牧(mu)(mu)民(min)和牧(mu)(mu)童喜愛(ai)的(de)(de)自娛性樂(le)器(qi)，又是(shi)(shi)輔助(zhu)牧(mu)(mu)業生產的(de)(de)工具。常(chang)用(yong)于獨(du)奏。牧(mu)(mu)民(min)多(duo)用(yong)以(yi)吹(chui)奏民(min)歌小調，常(chang)常(chang)是(shi)(shi)見景(jing)生情，自編自奏。傳(chuan)統樂(le)曲(qu)(qu)《蘇武牧(mu)(mu)羊》、《放(fang)牧(mu)(mu)小調》、《即(ji)興曲(qu)(qu)》等。當然，隨著(zhu)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)這(zhe)件(jian)民(min)間樂(le)器(qi)的(de)(de)不斷改(gai)良，現已有不少創作樂(le)曲(qu)(qu)，如《阿哥的(de)(de)泥(ni)哇(wa)(wa)(wa)(wa)嗚(wu)》、《原州(zhou)小曲(qu)(qu)》和《我愛(ai)我的(de)(de)臺灣(wan)島(dao)》等。

改良后的泥哇嗚

經(jing)過改良的(de)泥哇(wa)嗚，呈(cheng)牛(niu)(niu)頭形，兩角橫于頂部，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)空。有大(da)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、小三(san)種，分別發(fa)出(chu)高音(yin)(yin)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)(yin)和(he)低音(yin)(yin)，總音(yin)(yin)域f-f2，包括其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)所有半音(yin)(yin)。音(yin)(yin)色古(gu)樸(pu)而明亮。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)可供獨奏(zou)的(de)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)音(yin)(yin)牛(niu)(niu)頭泥哇(wa)嗚，橫寬(kuan)15厘米、豎(shu)長12厘米，上端正(zheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)開吹孔(kong)，開有七個(ge)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)(前六(liu)左側一)。吹奏(zou)時(shi)，雙手虎口夾持，右手指按右側三(san)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)，左手指按左側四(si)音(yin)(yin)孔(kong)。常演(yan)奏(zou)F、bB或C調五聲(sheng)音(yin)(yin)階樂曲。整套牛(niu)(niu)頭形泥哇(wa)嗚，已用于音(yin)(yin)樂舞臺演(yan)出(chu)。