新疆巴旦木(mu)是(shi)(shi)當地的(de)特(te)產(chan)干(gan)果,巴旦木(mu)屬桃(tao)(tao)類(lei)植物,古(gu)時稱偏(pian)(pian)(pian)桃(tao)(tao)、偏(pian)(pian)(pian)核桃(tao)(tao)、婆淡樹。新疆巴旦木(mu)是(shi)(shi)從古(gu)波(bo)斯(現今伊(yi)朗)傳入,在《酉陽(yang)雜阻》、《嶺表錄異》有(you)記載,“偏(pian)(pian)(pian)桃(tao)(tao)出(chu)波(bo)斯國(guo),波(bo)斯呼為(wei)婆淡樹。長五(wu)六文,周四五(wu)尺,葉似桃(tao)(tao)而闊(kuo)大,三月開(kai)花,白色。花落結實,狀(zhuang)如(ru)桃(tao)(tao)子,而形偏(pian)(pian)(pian),故為(wei)之偏(pian)(pian)(pian)桃(tao)(tao)。其肉澀不可唆(suo),核中仁甘甜,西域諸國(guo)并(bing)珍(zhen)之。”可見,巴丹木(mu)從古(gu)時就被人們做為(wei)一種珍(zhen)果來食用。
新疆巴旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)的(de)產地主要(yao)分布在喀(ka)什(shen)地區(qu)、和田(tian)地區(qu)、烏(wu)魯木(mu)齊等地,其(qi)中喀(ka)什(shen)地區(qu)的(de)莎車巴旦(dan)(dan)姆(mu)尤其(qi)有(you)名。巴旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)是新疆喀(ka)什(shen)名貴特(te)產,是維吾爾(er)族(zu)人民(min)最珍(zhen)愛的(de)干果,更是待客(ke)贈友的(de)極(ji)佳物(wu)品。
新疆巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)繁多(duo)(duo),約有四十多(duo)(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),“五大家族”之(zhi)分,有軟(ruan)(ruan)殼甜巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)系(xi)、甜巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)系(xi)、厚殼甜巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)系(xi)、苦巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)系(xi)、桃巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)品(pin)系(xi)。其(qi)中(zhong)最佳(jia)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有紙皮(pi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)、軟(ruan)(ruan)殼巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)、薄(bo)殼巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)、雙(shuang)仁(ren)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)等。在眾多(duo)(duo)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong),有一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薄(bo)皮(pi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)丹木(mu)(mu)(mu)最受人(ren)們喜愛和歡迎,維吾(wu)爾人(ren)稱(cheng)其(qi)為(wei)“卡卡孜巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)”,食用(yong)前您(nin)只需用(yong)手輕(qing)(qing)輕(qing)(qing)一擠,飽滿厚實香甜的巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)丹仁(ren)就嶄露出(chu)皮(pi),由于皮(pi)薄(bo),好剝,所以也稱(cheng)它為(wei)“紙皮(pi)巴(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)(ba)旦(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)(mu)”。
巴旦木(mu)是食用價(jia)值很高的特產,富含脂肪,蛋白(bai)質,淀(dian)粉、糖以及少(shao)量維生素和人體不可缺少(shao)的18種微量元素,比同(tong)重(zhong)量的牛肉高六倍。聰慧的新(xin)疆維吾(wu)爾人民把巴旦仁做為每日的健(jian)身滋補品(pin),在每天睡覺前細嚼十(shi)余粒,用開水沖下(xia),如此(ci)長期食用,能使(shi)人通(tong)宵熟(shu)睡無(wu)夢,增強(qiang)(qiang)身體抵抗力,保持身強(qiang)(qiang)體壯(zhuang)。
巴(ba)旦木(mu)(mu)在(zai)(zai)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)藥(yao)上用(yong)(yong)途很廣,民間維吾爾醫(yi)(yi)(yi)用(yong)(yong)它治療高血壓、神(shen)經衰弱、皮膚過敏、氣管炎、小兒(er)佝僂等疾病。在(zai)(zai)國(guo)外一些(xie)國(guo)家,有專用(yong)(yong)巴(ba)旦木(mu)(mu)釀制的(de)(de)巴(ba)旦木(mu)(mu)乳(ru)、巴(ba)旦木(mu)(mu)酒補品及苦(ku)仁制的(de)(de)鎮靜止痛藥(yao)劑。近(jin)年,美國(guo)的(de)(de)一些(xie)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院,以巴(ba)旦木(mu)(mu)制成苦(ku)巴(ba)旦球蛋白氫氯(lv)化物新藥(yao),專治流(liu)行性(xing)病毒感冒。在(zai)(zai)美國(guo)芝(zhi)加哥洛(luo)約大學生物系任(ren)主(zhu)任(ren)的(de)(de)哈(ha)羅德·曼納在(zai)(zai)研究巴(ba)丹(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)成果報告中提(ti)出,苦(ku)巴(ba)丹(dan)(dan)木(mu)(mu)仁可(ke)治療癌癥。
新(xin)疆巴(ba)旦木的(de)(de)成熟(shu)(shu)上市(shi)時(shi)間通常在每年的(de)(de)秋季,大(da)(da)約(yue)在7月(yue)至9月(yue)份果實(shi)成熟(shu)(shu),8月(yue)和9月(yue)份是主要的(de)(de)采摘上市(shi)時(shi)間。具(ju)體(ti)而言,巴(ba)旦木從三月(yue)下(xia)旬到四月(yue)中旬開(kai)花(hua),經過一個生(sheng)長周期后,在7月(yue)外皮會(hui)開(kai)裂(lie)(lie),標志著果實(shi)開(kai)始(shi)成熟(shu)(shu),到了(le)8月(yue),果實(shi)裂(lie)(lie)口增(zeng)大(da)(da),露出巴(ba)旦木殼體(ti),這(zhe)時(shi)候就可以(yi)開(kai)始(shi)采摘了(le)。