桐琴(qin)蜜(mi)梨以翠(cui)(cui)(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)(cui)(cui)玉品種(zhong)為主,所(suo)產果(guo)(guo)品充分(fen)體現(xian)了翠(cui)(cui)(cui)冠(guan)、翠(cui)(cui)(cui)玉品種(zhong)固有(you)的(de)(de)早熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的(de)(de)品質(zhi)特(te)征(zheng)。翠(cui)(cui)(cui)冠(guan)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)近圓形(xing),果(guo)(guo)皮呈青褐(he)色(se),套袋果(guo)(guo)黃(huang)褐(he)色(se)或(huo)青綠色(se),果(guo)(guo)點(dian)較(jiao)小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)白色(se),松(song)脆細(xi)嫩,汁多味甜,風味佳;果(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。翠(cui)(cui)(cui)玉果(guo)(guo)形(xing)端正(zheng),以扁圓為主;果(guo)(guo)皮薄有(you)光(guang)澤(ze),呈黃(huang)綠色(se)或(huo)淺綠色(se),果(guo)(guo)點(dian)小(xiao);果(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)白色(se),肉(rou)(rou)質(zhi)細(xi)嫩,松(song)脆多汁,味甜爽口;果(guo)(guo)心小(xiao)。
地(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)地(di)貌(mao):武義縣位于(yu)浙江省(sheng)中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)(bu)(bu),三面(mian)環山,峰(feng)巒連綿,境(jing)內(nei)森林(lin)茂密,植被多(duo)樣(yang),森林(lin)覆蓋率高(gao)(gao)達74%以(yi)上(shang),自然生(sheng)(sheng)態環境(jing)優越(yue)。境(jing)內(nei)地(di)貌(mao)類型多(duo)樣(yang),形(xing)(xing)(xing)成武義和(he)宣平(ping)兩個河(he)谷盆地(di),分屬錢塘江和(he)甌江二大(da)水(shui)系。南部(bu)(bu)(bu)宣平(ping)盆地(di),四(si)面(mian)環山。北部(bu)(bu)(bu)為(wei)武義盆地(di),地(di)勢低平(ping),低丘崗地(di)、平(ping)原平(ping)畈面(mian)積為(wei)32600公頃,平(ping)畈平(ping)原分布在(zai)武義江及1-2級支流(liu)兩側,為(wei)近代河(he)流(liu)沖擊而成,水(shui)利條件較好(hao),土層(ceng)深厚,土壤(rang)肥(fei)沃。豐富的(de)土地(di)資源和(he)良好(hao)的(de)地(di)形(xing)(xing)(xing)土壤(rang)條件,適宜(yi)于(yu)桐琴蜜(mi)梨(li)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)長發育和(he)大(da)規模發展,利于(yu)形(xing)(xing)(xing)成桐琴蜜(mi)梨(li)獨(du)特(te)的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)。氣(qi)候特(te)點:武義縣屬中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)熱帶季風氣(qi)候,四(si)季分明,溫(wen)和(he)濕潤,雨(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei)。1986-2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)的(de)20年(nian)(nian)(nian)間,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)17.3℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均降雨(yu)量1534.48毫米,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均日照時數(shu)1859小時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均相對濕度(du)80%,無霜期(qi)253天(tian),能充(chong)分滿足砂(sha)梨(li)對溫(wen)度(du)、光(guang)照和(he)水(shui)分的(de)需求。桐琴蜜(mi)梨(li)保護區(qu)位于(yu)武義縣中(zhong)(zhong)北部(bu)(bu)(bu),屬浙江省(sheng)蜜(mi)梨(li)主產區(qu)最南部(bu)(bu)(bu),1月平(ping)均溫(wen)度(du)5.0℃,符(fu)合砂(sha)梨(li)對低溫(wen)需求,春季回暖早(zao),3底到4初(chu)溫(wen)度(du)15℃-20℃左右(you),最低氣(qi)溫(wen)一般在(zai)5℃以(yi)上(shang),適合梨(li)樹(shu)開(kai)花結實(shi),春夏果實(shi)膨大(da)期(qi)雨(yu)量充(chong)沛(pei),成熟期(qi)晴熱干燥,晝(zhou)夜溫(wen)差大(da),利于(yu)果實(shi)糖(tang)分積累(lei)和(he)外觀品質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)提(ti)高(gao)(gao),上(shang)市期(qi)比浙北地(di)區(qu)早(zao)7-15天(tian)。成就(jiu)了桐琴蜜(mi)梨(li)比浙北主產地(di)區(qu)相對更為(wei)早(zao)熟、優質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)特(te)性,發展梨(li)產業的(de)自然氣(qi)候條件得天(tian)獨(du)厚。
桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)蜜梨的保護(hu)地(di)域(yu)范(fan)圍位于浙江(jiang)省金華市武義(yi)縣所轄桐(tong)琴(qin)(qin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、泉溪鎮(zhen)(zhen)、壺(hu)山街(jie)道(dao)、白洋街(jie)道(dao)、熟溪街(jie)道(dao)、溫泉旅游(you)度(du)假區、王宅(zhai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、茭(jiao)道(dao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、履坦鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新宅(zhai)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大田鄉、俞源鄉、白姆(mu)鄉,共(gong)13個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)街(jie)道(dao)166個(ge)行政村(社(she)區)。地(di)理(li)坐標為:東經119°37′00〞-119°58′00〞,北緯28°42′20〞-29°03′00〞。現有(you)梨園面積800公(gong)頃,年產量2萬噸,保護(hu)區面積10200公(gong)頃。
桐琴蜜(mi)梨以翠冠(guan)、翠玉品(pin)(pin)種為主,所產果(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)充分體現了翠冠(guan)、翠玉品(pin)(pin)種固有的(de)早熟(shu)、優質(zhi)的(de)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特征(zheng)。翠冠(guan)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)近圓形,果(guo)(guo)皮呈青褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),套袋果(guo)(guo)黃褐(he)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或青綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)點較(jiao)小;果(guo)(guo)肉白色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),松脆細嫩,汁多味(wei)甜(tian),風味(wei)佳(jia);果(guo)(guo)心小。翠玉果(guo)(guo)形端(duan)正,以扁圓為主;果(guo)(guo)皮薄有光澤,呈黃綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)或淺綠色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),果(guo)(guo)點小;果(guo)(guo)肉白色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),肉質(zhi)細嫩,松脆多汁,味(wei)甜(tian)爽口(kou);果(guo)(guo)心小。內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)指標:可(ke)溶性固形物≥10.5%,可(ke)滴定酸(suan)≤0.2%,硬度≥4.0kg/cm2。安全要求:符合(he)食品(pin)(pin)安全國家標準《食品(pin)(pin)中農藥最大殘留限量》(GB2763)的(de)規定。
桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜梨(li)以(yi)選(xuan)擇交通方便(bian)、地(di)(di)勢(shi)開(kai)闊、避(bi)風(feng)(feng)向陽、排灌良好(hao)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)(tu)質(zhi)(zhi)疏(shu)松的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)丘緩(huan)(huan)坡、河谷(gu)平(ping)原為(wei)宜(yi)。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)0.8%以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang),土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)pH值(zhi)5-8,含鹽量(liang)(liang)不(bu)超過0.2%。建(jian)園(yuan)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)應(ying)規劃好(hao)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)小(xiao)(xiao)區、道路、溝渠、蓄水(shui)(shui)池(chi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)配套設(she)施(shi)(生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活(huo)用房、分(fen)(fen)級包裝場、農資工具機(ji)(ji)械貯藏室、冷庫(ku)(ku)等),以(yi)及(ji)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)防護(hu)系統(tong)和(he)(he)(he)(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態循環(huan)系統(tong)。選(xuan)用豐(feng)產(chan)穩產(chan)性好(hao),抗病(bing)性強(qiang),品質(zhi)(zhi)優良,適(shi)合當地(di)(di)氣候特點和(he)(he)(he)(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)條(tiao)件(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),以(yi)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉(yu)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)為(wei)黃(huang)(huang)花(hua)(hua)、清(qing)香等。苗木要(yao)(yao)求品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純(chun)正、根(gen)系發(fa)達、無病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai),一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)苗粗0.8cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)、高(gao)(gao)(gao)80cm以(yi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)。桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜梨(li)常(chang)規栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)采取低(di)(di)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)密(mi)株(zhu)(zhu)寬(kuan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi),株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距為(wei)4m×2m,畝(mu)(mu)栽(zai)(zai)82株(zhu)(zhu)。新建(jian)梨(li)園(yuan),要(yao)(yao)求株(zhu)(zhu)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)距擴展(zhan)至4-4.5m×3-3.5m,畝(mu)(mu)栽(zai)(zai)45-55株(zhu)(zhu),主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)(zai)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占70-80%,授粉品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)占20-30%。定(ding)(ding)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)0.4m-0.6m。棚架栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)以(yi)4m×6m(或(huo)(huo)先2m×4m,后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)間(jian)伐)定(ding)(ding)植(zhi),定(ding)(ding)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)度(du)0.8m-1.0m。栽(zai)(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)期為(wei)11月下旬-次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)2月下旬,冬季(ji)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)發(fa)根(gen)早,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)快。深(shen)(shen)翻改(gai)土(tu)(tu)(tu),施(shi)足(zu)基肥:建(jian)園(yuan)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)前,挖(wa)深(shen)(shen)、寬(kuan)0.8m-1.0m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)栽(zai)(zai)植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue),穴(xue)(xue)(xue)施(shi)30-50kg腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥、磷(lin)肥和(he)(he)(he)(he)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)混(hun)勻回填。以(yi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)秋(qiu)季(ji)沿定(ding)(ding)植(zhi)穴(xue)(xue)(xue)外側(ce)(ce)或(huo)(huo)樹(shu)(shu)冠(guan)(guan)滴水(shui)(shui)線(xian)附近,開(kai)挖(wa)30-50cm深(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)狀、環(huan)狀或(huo)(huo)放射狀溝,株(zhu)(zhu)施(shi)秸(jie)稈、綠肥、腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥30-50kg。地(di)(di)面(mian)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)秸(jie)稈覆蓋(gai),積累土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)含量(liang)(liang),增強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物活(huo)動(dong),提高(gao)(gao)(gao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)通氣透水(shui)(shui)能力(li),改(gai)善(shan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)團粒(li)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)構和(he)(he)(he)(he)理(li)(li)化(hua)性狀,減(jian)輕(qing)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)沖刷,增強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)蓄水(shui)(shui)保(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥抗旱能力(li),調節(jie)地(di)(di)溫(wen)和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)微氣候環(huan)境(jing)(jing),抑(yi)制(zhi)雜草生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。施(shi)追肥:幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu),3-8月薄肥勤施(shi),澆稀薄人(ren)糞尿或(huo)(huo)0.8%-1.0%尿素。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)追肥以(yi)萌芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)、壯(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、采后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。正常(chang)投產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu),全年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)純(chun)氮(dan)(N)13-16kg,磷(lin)(P2O5)10-13kg,鉀(K2O)13-16kg,另(ling)加腐(fu)(fu)熟(shu)有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥1000-2000kg。水(shui)(shui)分(fen)(fen)管理(li)(li):梨(li)園(yuan)要(yao)(yao)求三(san)溝配套,能排能灌。春(chun)、夏多(duo)雨季(ji)節(jie)疏(shu)通溝渠,防止積水(shui)(shui)。4-7月果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期,在(zai)連(lian)續晴天7-12日(ri)即(ji)進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)灌水(shui)(shui),高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)季(ji)節(jie)灌水(shui)(shui)應(ying)在(zai)傍晚進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。常(chang)規栽(zai)(zai)培(pei)采用低(di)(di)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)矮冠(guan)(guan)樹(shu)(shu)形(以(yi)小(xiao)(xiao)冠(guan)(guan)單(dan)層(ceng)開(kai)心形為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu))整(zheng)形,主(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)高(gao)(gao)(gao)0.3m-0.5m,主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)3-4個(ge),分(fen)(fen)布(bu)均勻,開(kai)張角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)50°左(zuo)右,在(zai)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)(shang)(shang)直接(jie)(jie)配置側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi),側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)單(dan)軸(zhou)延(yan)伸,同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)也是大(da)(da)型結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組,每個(ge)側(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)3-5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian),輪換更新。幼(you)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)盡量(liang)(liang)輕(qing)剪(jian),增加枝(zhi)(zhi)葉量(liang)(liang),在(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)季(ji)通過拉(la)枝(zhi)(zhi),開(kai)張骨干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)枝(zhi)(zhi)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)。結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)樹(shu)(shu)重(zhong)點是培(pei)養強(qiang)健的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi),維持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)衡(heng)關系和(he)(he)(he)(he)主(zhu)(zhu)從關系;上(shang)(shang)(shang)摘(zhai)帽子側(ce)(ce)開(kai)窗,疏(shu)縮(suo)直枝(zhi)(zhi)亮內(nei)膛,以(yi)改(gai)善(shan)樹(shu)(shu)體內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通風(feng)(feng)透光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian);結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組去弱留(liu)壯(zhuang),去上(shang)(shang)(shang)留(liu)斜,去遠留(liu)近,3年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)更新,5年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)歸位,保(bao)持(chi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)組年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)輕(qing)化(hua),新枝(zhi)(zhi)結(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)形成,有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)優質(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。疏(shu)花(hua)(hua)疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo):冬剪(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)疏(shu)去過多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),間(jian)距10-15cm留(liu)1個(ge)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)10-25天開(kai)始疏(shu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),保(bao)留(liu)縱向發(fa)育(yu)良好(hao),萼端突出(chu),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)柄(bing)發(fa)達,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)光(guang)亮,發(fa)育(yu)健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幼(you)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。同一(yi)花(hua)(hua)序保(bao)留(liu)第3-4位果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),一(yi)個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺留(liu)1-2個(ge)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),畝(mu)(mu)留(liu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)量(liang)(liang)8000-10000個(ge),畝(mu)(mu)產(chan)量(liang)(liang)連(lian)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)穩定(ding)(ding)在(zai)2000kg左(zuo)右。套袋:要(yao)(yao)根(gen)據不(bu)同品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)求,選(xuan)用蠟質(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)厚、防水(shui)(shui)性好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)紙袋。盛(sheng)花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)40-60天完成套袋。翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)、翠(cui)玉(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)綠皮果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)須進行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)2次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)套袋,花(hua)(hua)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)15-20天套白色(se)(se)小(xiao)(xiao)袋,30天后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)加套外黃(huang)(huang)內(nei)白雙層(ceng)袋。套袋前必須全面(mian)噴施(shi)一(yi)次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)殺菌劑,在(zai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)燥后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)開(kai)始套袋,分(fen)(fen)批(pi)噴藥,分(fen)(fen)批(pi)套袋。花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)(gao)(gao)接(jie)(jie):翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)隨(sui)著樹(shu)(shu)齡增大(da)(da),早期落(luo)葉逐年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)加重(zhong),引(yin)起(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)期返(fan)青(qing)開(kai)花(hua)(hua),嚴重(zhong)影響來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang),成為(wei)翠(cui)冠(guan)(guan)梨(li)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)和(he)(he)(he)(he)桐(tong)(tong)琴蜜梨(li)產(chan)業發(fa)展(zhan)中(zhong)最(zui)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)制(zhi)約因素。秋(qiu)季(ji)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接(jie)(jie)可以(yi)最(zui)有(you)(you)(you)效地(di)(di)補救來年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)產(chan)量(liang)(liang),花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)嫁接(jie)(jie)一(yi)般(ban)采用切接(jie)(jie)法,以(yi)10月下旬-11月下旬較(jiao)好(hao),接(jie)(jie)穗粗度(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)1.0cm,每枝(zhi)(zhi)段帶3-4個(ge)飽(bao)滿花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),長(chang)(chang)度(du)15-20cm。病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防控 堅持(chi)“預防為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),綜合防治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植(zhi)保(bao)方針(zhen),以(yi)植(zhi)物檢(jian)疫、農業防治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)(li)防治(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基礎(chu),根(gen)據病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律,因時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、因地(di)(di)制(zhi)宜(yi),綜合運(yun)用農業防治(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物防治(zhi)(zhi)、物理(li)(li)防治(zhi)(zhi),盡量(liang)(liang)減(jian)少(shao)化(hua)學防治(zhi)(zhi),安(an)全、經濟、有(you)(you)(you)效地(di)(di)控制(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。加強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)肥水(shui)(shui)管理(li)(li),增強(qiang)樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi);合理(li)(li)修剪(jian),改(gai)善(shan)通風(feng)(feng)透光(guang)條(tiao)件(jian);徹(che)底清(qing)園(yuan),降低(di)(di)蟲(chong)(chong)口密(mi)度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)病(bing)原基數;及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)套袋,保(bao)護(hu)梨(li)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)不(bu)讓病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)侵入。加強(qiang)病(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)預測預報,選(xuan)用高(gao)(gao)(gao)效低(di)(di)毒、對天敵殺傷力(li)低(di)(di)、對環(huan)境(jing)(jing)污染小(xiao)(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)藥劑,提高(gao)(gao)(gao)噴藥質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang),減(jian)少(shao)用藥次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數。農藥使用次(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)數和(he)(he)(he)(he)安(an)全間(jian)隔期按GB 4285、GB/T 8321、NY/T 1276規定(ding)(ding)執行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),禁用劇毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)毒、高(gao)(gao)(gao)殘留(liu)農藥和(he)(he)(he)(he)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變農藥。采收(shou)和(he)(he)(he)(he)貯運(yun)當果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)面(mian)變色(se)(se)呈現該品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)固(gu)有(you)(you)(you)色(se)(se)澤,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉由硬變脆,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)易和(he)(he)(he)(he)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)臺脫離(li),種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子變為(wei)褐(he)色(se)(se),即(ji)可采收(shou)。一(yi)般(ban)分(fen)(fen)批(pi)采收(shou),先采大(da)(da)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),輕(qing)采輕(qing)放,裝果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容器必須墊柔軟緩(huan)(huan)沖材料,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)采后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)避(bi)免日(ri)曬雨淋,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分(fen)(fen)級,裝箱。產(chan)品應(ying)貯放在(zai)通風(feng)(feng)、陰涼的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)庫(ku)(ku)房內(nei)。有(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)件(jian)可采用冷庫(ku)(ku)貯藏或(huo)(huo)冷鏈運(yun)輸。