定(ding)安(an)黑豬是海南(nan)(nan)省老牌地方優(you)良品種,是引(yin)進美國杜洛(luo)克公豬與定(ding)安(an)本地母豬雜交培(pei)育出來的,具有繁殖力強(qiang)(qiang)、適應性強(qiang)(qiang)、抗病力強(qiang)(qiang)、早(zao)熟、耐(nai)粗飼、肉質好等(deng)優(you)點。主要(yao)產于海南(nan)(nan)省定(ding)安(an)縣雷鳴、龍門、龍河等(deng)鎮,分(fen)布全縣各地。
頭大小(xiao)適(shi)中,全身(shen)被毛黑(hei)色,兩(liang)耳向(xiang)前上方直立(li)或平伸,面微(wei)凹,額(e)較寬,背肩結合良好。背腰寬平直或微(wei)拱,以雙脊為主,偶見(jian)單(dan)脊,腹小(xiao)。四肢健壯(zhuang),腿臀較豐滿,體質結實,結構勻稱(cheng)。
具有耐(nai)粗飼(si),抗逆性強、生長快、肉質(zhi)鮮美(mei)的特點,且由于(yu)全身皮毛呈黑(hei)色而(er)被(bei)人(ren)們稱(cheng)之(zhi)“定安黑(hei)豬”,自問世以來(lai),深(shen)受飼(si)養者和消費者的青睞。
外銷省內第一
據定(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)畜牧獸醫局(ju)介紹(shao),近年(nian)(nian)來,定(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)將做強做大定(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)產(chan)業做為(wei)(wei)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)業結構(gou)調整,發(fa)(fa)展地(di)方(fang)特(te)色產(chan)業,增加農(nong)(nong)(nong)民(min)收入的重要(yao)工作內容(rong),并制定(ding)了一系列措施扶(fu)持定(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)飼養業的發(fa)(fa)展,使(shi)定(ding)安(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)飼養業不斷壯大,年(nian)(nian)均以二位數增長,全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)覆蓋率達100%。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)存欄(lan)母豬(zhu)42452頭(tou),年(nian)(nian)出欄(lan)仔(zi)豬(zhu)75萬(wan)頭(tou)以上(shang),其中本縣(xian)(xian)飼養出欄(lan)肉豬(zhu)30多萬(wan)頭(tou),外銷仔(zi)豬(zhu)40萬(wan)多頭(tou),外銷肉豬(zhu)18萬(wan)頭(tou)以上(shang),成為(wei)(wei)了定(ding)安(an)(an)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)唯一的國家級綠色農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)示范基地(di)縣(xian)(xian),同(tong)時又(you)是(shi)海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)無規定(ding)動物(wu)疫(yi)病示范區(qu)先進縣(xian)(xian),2006年(nian)(nian)7月(yue),海南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)副產(chan)品(pin)加工業園區(qu)也在該(gai)縣(xian)(xian)塔(ta)嶺工業開(kai)發(fa)(fa)區(qu)揭牌成立,2007年(nian)(nian)再次批(pi)準為(wei)(wei)全(quan)國農(nong)(nong)(nong)業標(biao)準化(hua)生豬(zhu)飼養示范區(qu)。
2004年(nian)(nian)(nian)海(hai)南省農(nong)業(ye)廳將定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)列(lie)入無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)示(shi)范建(jian)設(she)項(xiang)目(mu),2005年(nian)(nian)(nian)國(guo)家標準(zhun)化委員會將定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)列(lie)入農(nong)業(ye)標準(zhun)化示(shi)范項(xiang)目(mu)。2005年(nian)(nian)(nian),定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)通(tong)過(guo)海(hai)南省農(nong)業(ye)廳無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產品(pin)產地認定(ding)(ding),2006年(nian)(nian)(nian),定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)通(tong)過(guo)國(guo)家農(nong)業(ye)部農(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)全中(zhong)心無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)農(nong)產品(pin)認證(zheng),并正式確定(ding)(ding)“定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)”這一商品(pin)名稱(cheng)。2006年(nian)(nian)(nian),為(wei)了(le)規(gui)范定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)標準(zhun)化飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang),提高與保證(zheng)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)品(pin)質,加(jia)快定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)方(fang)式向養(yang)(yang)殖小(xiao)區飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)和專業(ye)化標準(zhun)化飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)轉變,根據(ju)《中(zhong)華人民共和國(guo)標準(zhun)化法》、《地方(fang)標準(zhun)管理(li)辦法》的規(gui)定(ding)(ding),定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)縣人民政府組(zu)織編制并由海(hai)南省質量(liang)技術(shu)監督局主持審定(ding)(ding)通(tong)過(guo)《定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)黑豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)(si)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)技術(shu)規(gui)程》海(hai)南省地方(fang)標準(zhun)并于2007年(nian)(nian)(nian)公(gong)布實施。
數據顯示,2008年(nian),定安(an)縣(xian)共有年(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)一萬(wan)頭的(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)場1家,年(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)4000頭的(de)1家,年(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)500—1000頭的(de)有23家,年(nian)出(chu)欄(lan)50頭以上的(de)專業戶有76戶,各種飼(si)養方式大(da)多(duo)采(cai)用自繁自養,有利(li)于疫病防(fang)治,依(yi)照《定安(an)黑(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養管理技術(shu)規程》嚴(yan)格飼(si)養管理。飼(si)料以玉米、稻谷、番薯(shu)、木薯(shu)、豆粕、番薯(shu)葉(xie)等為主,堅決杜絕使用禁用獸藥和添加劑(ji),并限制使用限用獸藥
“每頭黑豬(zhu)都必(bi)須經過嚴格檢疫,合格者(zhe)才能出欄銷售。”定(ding)安縣畜牧獸(shou)(shou)(shou)醫局(ju)有(you)個(ge)負責人告訴記者(zhe),該局(ju)每年春秋兩季(ji)依法開展免疫預防注射,結合基礎免疫和(he)市場免疫,確保無重大豬(zhu)疫病發生;同時定(ding)期(qi)抽樣進(jin)行獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)添加(jia)和(he)殘留檢驗(yan),嚴格控制獸(shou)(shou)(shou)藥(yao)規范使用(yong)。
此外,定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)縣政府高度(du)注重(zhong)視科學(xue)養(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實加大科技(ji)投入,一(yi)是(shi)(shi)切(qie)實抓好定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)母本(ben)選(xuan)育(yu),大力(li)扶持建立(li)了(le)跨越(yue)三個(ge)鄉鎮的(de)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)原種保(bao)護和(he)繁殖基地,有效保(bao)護了(le)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)本(ben)地豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)優(you)良(liang)性能和(he)品(pin)質(zhi),為定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)生產提供(gong)(gong)了(le)優(you)良(liang)的(de)母本(ben)。二是(shi)(shi)嚴格(ge)選(xuan)擇優(you)質(zhi)杜(du)洛克公豬(zhu)(zhu),切(qie)實保(bao)證(zheng)雜交(jiao)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)品(pin)質(zhi)。三是(shi)(shi)每年(nian)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)在(zai)各鄉鎮舉辦培訓班,由有關專家傳授豬(zhu)(zhu)人工授精技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)、疫病防治技(ji)術(shu)(shu),以提高飼(si)養(yang)(yang)戶的(de)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)管理(li)水平。四是(shi)(shi)每年(nian)定(ding)(ding)時(shi)開(kai)展(zhan)動(dong)物疫病監測,對重(zhong)大動(dong)物疫病豬(zhu)(zhu)瘟、口蹄疫等進(jin)行監測。同時(shi)大力(li)引導和(he)協調農(nong)戶開(kai)展(zhan)定(ding)(ding)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)黑(hei)(hei)(hei)豬(zhu)(zhu)的(de)標準化飼(si)養(yang)(yang),建立(li)產、供(gong)(gong)、銷(xiao)一(yi)條龍服務體(ti)系。
而(er)市(shi)場對于(yu)品質上(shang)乘的定安(an)黑豬也(ye)給(gei)予了很好(hao)的回報,自進入海口家樂福超市(shi)銷售(shou)以來(lai),定安(an)黑豬一直處于(yu)供不應求(qiu)狀(zhuang)態。幾乎每天都有(you)來(lai)自海口、三亞、瓊海、文昌等地豬販子到該縣收購,有(you)時還出現(xian)了搶(qiang)購現(xian)象。端(duan)午節期間,定安(an)共接(jie)到黑豬肉(rou)粽(zong)子訂(ding)單10萬多個。
定(ding)安(an)縣有關(guan)部門正在和北京、廣州、香(xiang)港等地的(de)客商(shang)談定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬的(de)進一(yi)(yi)步開發和外銷業務,力(li)爭把定(ding)安(an)黑(hei)豬這一(yi)(yi)具有鮮明(ming)海(hai)南(nan)生態特色的(de)、優質安(an)全的(de)產品推向國(guo)(guo)內國(guo)(guo)際更廣闊的(de)市(shi)場。