一、石墨電極是什么東西
石墨電極是一種耐高溫石墨質導電(dian)(dian)材料(liao)(liao),是在電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)爐中(zhong)以電(dian)(dian)弧(hu)形式(shi)釋放電(dian)(dian)能對爐料(liao)(liao)進行加熱熔化(hua)的導體,作為(wei)銅電(dian)(dian)極的代替品之一。
石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)電(dian)極主要有天然石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)電(dian)極和人(ren)造(zao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)電(dian)極兩種,其中(zhong)應(ying)用比(bi)較廣泛(fan)的是人(ren)造(zao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)電(dian)極,是以石(shi)(shi)油焦(jiao)、瀝(li)青焦(jiao)為(wei)骨料(liao),煤(mei)瀝(li)青為(wei)黏(nian)結劑,經過原料(liao)煅燒、破碎磨粉、配料(liao)、混捏(nie)、成型、焙燒、浸(jin)漬、石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)化和機(ji)械加工而(er)制成的。
二、石墨電極的用途和性能
石墨電極作為一種化學材(cai)料(liao),其具體良好的性(xing)能,因此應用也比較廣(guang)泛(fan),下面為大家介紹(shao)以下石墨電極的用途和性(xing)能:
1、石墨電極的用途
(1)用于(yu)電(dian)弧煉鋼(gang)(gang)爐(lu):電(dian)爐(lu)煉鋼(gang)(gang)是(shi)石(shi)墨電(dian)極的(de)使用大(da)戶。我(wo)國電(dian)爐(lu)鋼(gang)(gang)產量(liang)約占粗鋼(gang)(gang)產量(liang)的(de)18%左(zuo)右,煉鋼(gang)(gang)用石(shi)墨電(dian)極占石(shi)墨電(dian)極總用量(liang)的(de)70%~80%。電(dian)爐(lu)煉鋼(gang)(gang)是(shi)利用石(shi)墨電(dian)極向(xiang)爐(lu)內(nei)導入電(dian)流,利用電(dian)極端部和爐(lu)料之間引發電(dian)弧所產生的(de)高溫(wen)熱源來進行(xing)冶煉。
(2)用(yong)于礦(kuang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu):礦(kuang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)主要用(yong)于生(sheng)產工業(ye)硅和黃磷等,其特點是導電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極的下部(bu)埋在(zai)爐(lu)料(liao)中,在(zai)料(liao)層內形成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)弧,并利用(yong)爐(lu)料(liao)自身的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻所發出的熱能來加熱爐(lu)料(liao),其中要求電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流密(mi)度(du)較高的礦(kuang)熱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)需用(yong)石墨(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極,例如每(mei)生(sheng)產1t硅需消耗石墨(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極約100kg,每(mei)生(sheng)產1t黃磷需消耗石墨(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極約40kg。
(3)用(yong)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu):生產(chan)石(shi)墨(mo)制品的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)墨(mo)化(hua)(hua)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)、熔(rong)化(hua)(hua)玻璃(li)的(de)(de)(de)熔(rong)窯和生產(chan)碳化(hua)(hua)硅用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)等(deng)都屬(shu)于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu),爐(lu)(lu)(lu)內所裝物(wu)料既(ji)是發熱(re)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)又是被加熱(re)對象,通常,導電(dian)(dian)(dian)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)墨(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)嵌(qian)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)端(duan)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)爐(lu)(lu)(lu)頭墻中(zhong),用(yong)于(yu)此處的(de)(de)(de)石(shi)墨(mo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)不連續消耗。
(4)用于(yu)制(zhi)備異型石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)產品:石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電極(ji)的毛(mao)坯(pi)還(huan)用于(yu)加工(gong)成各種坩堝、模具、舟(zhou)皿和發熱體等異型石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)產品。例如,在石(shi)(shi)英玻璃行(xing)業,每(mei)生(sheng)產1t電熔管,需用石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電極(ji)坯(pi)料10t;每(mei)生(sheng)產1t石(shi)(shi)英磚,需消耗(hao)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)電極(ji)坯(pi)料100kg。
2、石墨電極的性能
(1)導(dao)電(dian)性、導(dao)熱(re)性強。
(2)較高的抗(kang)熱振性能(neng)和化(hua)學穩定性能(neng)。
(3)具有潤滑性(xing)和(he)抗(kang)磨性(xing)。
(4)加工較(jiao)容易,EDM(電火花)時金屬去除(chu)率高,石墨損耗小。
(5)石墨(mo)的(de)比重是銅的(de)1/5,同等體積石墨(mo)的(de)重量相對銅要輕5倍。銅制作成的(de)大型(xing)電(dian)極由于太重,在長期電(dian)火(huo)花時(shi)對EDM機床主軸精(jing)度非常不(bu)(bu)利。而石墨(mo)則(ze)不(bu)(bu)會,而且(qie)搬運也非常安全。
(6)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)可以有很高的加工速度,一般石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)的加工速度較普通(tong)金屬快3-5倍。而且(qie)選擇硬(ying)度合適的刀具和石(shi)墨(mo)(mo),可減少刀具的磨損和電極的損耗。