一、骨科手術器械有多少種

骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)器(qi)械，一般指專(zhuan)(zhuan)門用(yong)(yong)(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)手術(shu)的專(zhuan)(zhuan)業醫療器(qi)械。按(an)(an)國家食品藥品監(jian)督管理(li)局的分類(lei)分為一類(lei)、二類(lei)和(he)三類(lei)。按(an)(an)照使用(yong)(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)途和(he)性能主要(yao)分為骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)刀、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)剪、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉗、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)針、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)刮、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)錐、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)銼(cuo)、骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)有源器(qi)械等(deng)。下(xia)面簡單介紹(shao)四種骨(gu)(gu)(gu)科(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)器(qi)械：

（一）骨科用刀

1、截骨(gu)刀(dao)：通(tong)常由刀(dao)片和(he)手柄(bing)組成(cheng)，遠(yuan)端具有剛(gang)性(xing)的，鋒利的單刃(ren)切割刀(dao)片，手柄(bing)位于(yu)其近端。它通(tong)常由不銹鋼制(zhi)成(cheng)。用(yong)于(yu)切割和(he)切割骨(gu)骼。

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2、矯(jiao)形內(nei)窺鏡刀：通常(chang)由(you)頭部(bu)，桿和手柄(bing)組成，頭部(bu)是(shi)刀片，其由(you)手柄(bing)傳遞和控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)以控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)頭部(bu)工(gong)作。頭部(bu)通常(chang)由(you)不銹(xiu)鋼制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)成。該操作在手術期間(jian)在內(nei)窺鏡下進行，并(bing)且用于整形外(wai)科的微創手術，并(bing)且切除(chu)并(bing)剝離患病組織。例如，椎間(jian)盤擴(kuo)孔器，關節鏡手術刀。

3、擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)用刀：通常(chang)由(you)不(bu)銹鋼(gang)制成(cheng)，由(you)鉸刀和(he)夾(jia)緊手(shou)柄或帶有鉸孔(kong)切(qie)削刃的刀頭組成(cheng)，用于在整(zheng)形外科手(shou)術期間對椎間盤進(jin)行擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)或擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)和(he)擴(kuo)(kuo)大髓腔。

（二）骨科用錐

1、開口用錐：通(tong)常(chang)由頭(tou)部(bu)和帶有(you)切割設(she)計的手柄組成。頭(tou)部(bu)通(tong)常(chang)由不(bu)銹鋼制成，用于在(zai)整形外(wai)科手術期間(jian)打開骨(gu)頭(tou)上的孔(kong)。

2、攻絲用錐：通常(chang)由(you)刀片(pian)和手(shou)柄組成(cheng)。刀片(pian)通常(chang)由(you)不銹鋼制(zhi)成(cheng)，手(shou)柄通常(chang)由(you)不銹鋼或(huo)鋁制(zhi)成(cheng)。用于敲擊骨骼中的螺紋孔(kong)進行(xing)整(zheng)形(xing)外(wai)科(ke)手(shou)術。

（三）骨科用鉤

1、骨(gu)科用(yong)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)通常(chang)由頭部和柄(bing)部組(zu)成(cheng)，頭部帶鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)頭。一般采(cai)用(yong)不銹鋼材料制成(cheng)。用(yong)于(yu)骨(gu)科手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)中顯露手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)視野，使手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)易于(yu)進行，并保護組(zu)織，避免意(yi)外損傷；或用(yong)于(yu)骨(gu)科手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)中剝離、牽開或遮(zhe)擋神經(jing)根(gen)。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)有骨(gu)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、單側椎(zhui)板拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、下(xia)肢截斷拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、半月板鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、頸椎(zhui)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、椎(zhui)板拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、彎(wan)曲拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、腹腔S拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、髖關(guan)節拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、膝關(guan)節拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、肩(jian)胛骨(gu)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、骨(gu)科用(yong)神經(jing)根(gen)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、（椎(zhui)間）神經(jing)根(gen)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)用(yong)神經(jing)拉(la)(la)(la)(la)鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)用(yong)神經(jing)檔鉤(gou)(gou)(gou)(gou)。

2、牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通常為各種形式（如鈍型(xing)、銳型(xing)、開(kai)(kai)(kai)窗型(xing)、深型(xing)）的(de)(de)鉤狀結構，手(shou)(shou)動操作、自鎖式手(shou)(shou)術(shu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)械(xie)。一(yi)般采用(yong)不銹鋼材料(liao)制成。用(yong)于(yu)骨科手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中(zhong)顯露手(shou)(shou)術(shu)視(shi)野，使手(shou)(shou)術(shu)易于(yu)進(jin)行，并保(bao)護組織(zhi)，避(bi)免意外損傷(shang)。常見的(de)(de)有(you)骨用(yong)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、手(shou)(shou)搖式牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、多向牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、雙向牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、可調式牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、微(wei)創牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、脛骨牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、關節微(wei)創牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、后顱牽(qian)(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)(kai)(kai)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等。

3、骨鉤(gou)通常(chang)由鉤(gou)和手柄組(zu)成。鉤(gou)的(de)頭(tou)部一般采用不銹(xiu)鋼材料制成。用于矯形外科手術時提拉骨骼。

（四）骨科用刮

1、骨科內(nei)窺鏡用(yong)刮(gua)匙關節鏡用(yong)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)刮(gua)匙通常(chang)由頭部(bu)、桿部(bu)或(huo)軟性導管和手(shou)(shou)柄組(zu)成，頭部(bu)為(wei)匙形，通過手(shou)(shou)柄操(cao)作傳遞、控(kong)制頭部(bu)工作。頭部(bu)一般采用(yong)不銹鋼材料制成。手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)在內(nei)窺鏡下操(cao)作，用(yong)于骨科微創手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中(zhong)(zhong)，對病(bing)變(bian)組(zu)織進(jin)行刮(gua)削。

2、刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)通常(chang)由頭部(bu)和(he)柄(bing)部(bu)組成(cheng)。在近端(duan)有(you)(you)手柄(bing)，遠端(duan)為具鋒利(li)邊緣的匙(chi)(chi)(chi)形(xing)凹尖，也(ye)可以(yi)是雙(shuang)端(duan)的。一(yi)般采用(yong)(yong)不銹鋼材料制成(cheng)。用(yong)(yong)于(yu)刮(gua)(gua)除(chu)病灶、竇道(dao)內的瘢痕、肉(rou)芽(ya)組織(zhi)，以(yi)及骨腔(qiang)(qiang)和(he)潛(qian)在腔(qiang)(qiang)隙的死(si)骨或病理組織(zhi)等。常(chang)見(jian)的有(you)(you)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、空(kong)心骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、直杯狀(zhuang)骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎板(ban)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、頸椎刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎體(ti)成(cheng)形(xing)用(yong)(yong)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)器、終(zhong)板(ban)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、椎體(ti)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)(chi)(chi)、刮(gua)(gua)刀等

二、手術器械應該如何選擇

選擇手術器械可(ke)以從品牌(pai)的(de)(de)(de)實力看(kan)，畢竟醫療手(shou)(shou)術(shu)器(qi)械的(de)(de)(de)應用比較廣，使(shi)用要求也比較高(gao)(gao)，為(wei)保障手(shou)(shou)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)順利進行(xing)，自然(ran)在(zai)器(qi)械的(de)(de)(de)挑(tiao)選(xuan)上就有非常高(gao)(gao)的(de)(de)(de)要求。

首先可以了解器械(xie)品牌(pai)是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)基礎(chu)實力，是(shi)否(fou)能夠有(you)(you)好(hao)的(de)技術支(zhi)持(chi)，是(shi)否(fou)有(you)(you)好(hao)的(de)加工制作等等。在綜合(he)手(shou)(shou)術器械(xie)品牌(pai)實力等，挑選到安全性高、精密(mi)性好(hao)的(de)手(shou)(shou)術器械(xie)，對(dui)手(shou)(shou)術的(de)順利進(jin)行也會有(you)(you)很(hen)好(hao)幫(bang)助(zhu)。

同(tong)時(shi)還要看好不同(tong)器(qi)械(xie)品牌(pai)提供的醫療手(shou)術器(qi)械(xie)規(gui)格型號、組合搭配等，看是(shi)否(fou)具有良(liang)好的應用保障(zhang)。從而能夠選擇到合適的手(shou)術器(qi)械(xie)，應用安全，手(shou)術操(cao)作也(ye)都更(geng)為順(shun)利。