一、骨科手術器械有多少種

骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)器(qi)械(xie)，一般指專門用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)手術(shu)的專業(ye)醫療器(qi)械(xie)。按國家食(shi)品藥品監督管理局的分類(lei)分為一類(lei)、二類(lei)和三(san)類(lei)。按照使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途和性能(neng)主要分為骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刀(dao)、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)剪(jian)、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉗、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉤、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)針、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)刮、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)錐、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鋸、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)鑿、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)銼、骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)有用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)有源器(qi)械(xie)等。下(xia)面簡單介紹四種骨(gu)(gu)科(ke)器(qi)械(xie)：

（一）骨科用刀

1、截骨刀：通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由刀片和手(shou)柄組(zu)成(cheng)，遠端具有剛(gang)性的，鋒(feng)利的單(dan)刃切(qie)割刀片，手(shou)柄位于(yu)其近端。它通(tong)(tong)常(chang)由不銹鋼制(zhi)成(cheng)。用于(yu)切(qie)割和切(qie)割骨骼。

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2、矯形內(nei)窺鏡(jing)刀(dao)：通(tong)常由(you)頭(tou)部(bu)，桿和(he)(he)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)柄組(zu)成，頭(tou)部(bu)是刀(dao)片，其由(you)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)柄傳遞和(he)(he)控制以(yi)控制頭(tou)部(bu)工作(zuo)。頭(tou)部(bu)通(tong)常由(you)不銹鋼(gang)制成。該(gai)操作(zuo)在手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術期間在內(nei)窺鏡(jing)下進行，并(bing)且(qie)(qie)用(yong)于整形外科的微創手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術，并(bing)且(qie)(qie)切除(chu)并(bing)剝離患病組(zu)織。例如，椎間盤擴(kuo)孔器，關節(jie)鏡(jing)手(shou)(shou)(shou)(shou)術刀(dao)。

3、擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)用刀：通常由不銹鋼制(zhi)成(cheng)，由鉸(jiao)刀和(he)夾緊手柄(bing)或帶有鉸(jiao)孔(kong)切削刃的(de)刀頭(tou)組(zu)成(cheng)，用于在整形外科手術期間對椎(zhui)間盤進行擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)或擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)，擴(kuo)(kuo)孔(kong)和(he)擴(kuo)(kuo)大髓腔。

（二）骨科用錐

1、開口(kou)用(yong)錐：通常由頭部(bu)和帶有切(qie)割設計的手柄組成(cheng)。頭部(bu)通常由不銹鋼制成(cheng)，用(yong)于(yu)在整形外科(ke)手術期間打(da)開骨(gu)頭上的孔。

2、攻絲用錐：通(tong)(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)刀(dao)片(pian)和(he)手柄組成。刀(dao)片(pian)通(tong)(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)不銹鋼制成，手柄通(tong)(tong)常由(you)(you)(you)不銹鋼或鋁制成。用于敲(qiao)擊骨骼中的螺紋孔進行整形外科手術。

（三）骨科用鉤

1、骨科(ke)(ke)用(yong)鉤(gou)(gou)的(de)拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)通常(chang)由頭部和柄部組成，頭部帶鉤(gou)(gou)頭。一般采(cai)用(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼材料制(zhi)成。用(yong)于骨科(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中顯露手(shou)(shou)術(shu)視(shi)野，使手(shou)(shou)術(shu)易于進行，并保護組織，避免意(yi)外損傷；或用(yong)于骨科(ke)(ke)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)中剝離、牽開(kai)或遮擋神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根。常(chang)見(jian)的(de)有骨拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、單側椎(zhui)板拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、下肢截斷拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、半月板鉤(gou)(gou)、頸椎(zhui)拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、椎(zhui)板拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、彎曲拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、腹腔S拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、髖關(guan)節(jie)拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、膝關(guan)節(jie)拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、肩胛骨拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、骨科(ke)(ke)用(yong)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、（椎(zhui)間）神(shen)經(jing)(jing)根拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)術(shu)用(yong)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)拉(la)鉤(gou)(gou)、脊柱手(shou)(shou)術(shu)用(yong)神(shen)經(jing)(jing)檔鉤(gou)(gou)。

2、牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)通常為(wei)各種形式(shi)（如鈍型(xing)(xing)、銳型(xing)(xing)、開(kai)窗(chuang)型(xing)(xing)、深型(xing)(xing)）的鉤狀結構，手(shou)(shou)動操作、自鎖式(shi)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)器(qi)(qi)械。一般采(cai)用(yong)不銹鋼材料制成(cheng)。用(yong)于骨(gu)科手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)中顯露(lu)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)視(shi)野，使(shi)手(shou)(shou)術(shu)(shu)(shu)易(yi)于進(jin)行，并保護組織，避(bi)免意外損(sun)傷。常見的有骨(gu)用(yong)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、手(shou)(shou)搖式(shi)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、多向牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、雙向牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、可調(diao)式(shi)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、微(wei)創(chuang)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、脛(jing)骨(gu)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、關(guan)節微(wei)創(chuang)牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)、后顱牽(qian)(qian)(qian)開(kai)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。

3、骨(gu)鉤(gou)通常由鉤(gou)和手(shou)柄(bing)組(zu)成(cheng)。鉤(gou)的頭部(bu)一般采用(yong)不銹鋼材料制(zhi)成(cheng)。用(yong)于矯形外(wai)科手(shou)術時提拉骨(gu)骼(ge)。

（四）骨科用刮

1、骨(gu)科(ke)內窺(kui)鏡(jing)用(yong)刮(gua)匙(chi)關(guan)節(jie)鏡(jing)用(yong)手術刮(gua)匙(chi)通常由(you)頭部、桿部或軟性導管和手柄(bing)組(zu)成(cheng)，頭部為(wei)匙(chi)形，通過手柄(bing)操(cao)作傳遞、控制頭部工(gong)作。頭部一般(ban)采用(yong)不銹(xiu)鋼材料制成(cheng)。手術中(zhong)在內窺(kui)鏡(jing)下操(cao)作，用(yong)于骨(gu)科(ke)微創手術中(zhong)，對病變組(zu)織進行刮(gua)削。

2、刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)通常由頭部和(he)柄部組(zu)成(cheng)。在(zai)近(jin)端(duan)有手柄，遠端(duan)為具鋒利邊緣(yuan)的(de)匙(chi)形(xing)凹尖，也可以是雙端(duan)的(de)。一般采用(yong)不銹鋼材料制成(cheng)。用(yong)于刮(gua)(gua)除病灶、竇道(dao)內的(de)瘢痕、肉(rou)芽組(zu)織，以及骨腔和(he)潛在(zai)腔隙(xi)的(de)死(si)骨或病理組(zu)織等。常見的(de)有刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、空心骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、直(zhi)杯狀骨刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、椎板刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、頸椎刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、椎體(ti)成(cheng)形(xing)用(yong)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)器、終板刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、椎體(ti)刮(gua)(gua)匙(chi)、刮(gua)(gua)刀等

二、手術器械應該如何選擇

選擇手術器械可以(yi)從品牌的(de)(de)實力看，畢竟醫(yi)療手(shou)術器(qi)械的(de)(de)應用比(bi)較(jiao)廣，使用要求(qiu)也比(bi)較(jiao)高(gao)，為保障手(shou)術的(de)(de)順利進行，自然在器(qi)械的(de)(de)挑選(xuan)上(shang)就有非常高(gao)的(de)(de)要求(qiu)。

首(shou)先可以了解(jie)器(qi)械品(pin)牌(pai)是否有(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)基礎實力，是否能夠有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)的(de)技術(shu)支持，是否有(you)(you)(you)好(hao)的(de)加(jia)工制作等(deng)等(deng)。在綜合手術(shu)器(qi)械品(pin)牌(pai)實力等(deng)，挑選到安全(quan)性(xing)高、精密性(xing)好(hao)的(de)手術(shu)器(qi)械，對手術(shu)的(de)順利進行(xing)也會有(you)(you)(you)很好(hao)幫助。

同時(shi)還要看好不同器械品牌提供(gong)的醫療手(shou)術(shu)(shu)器械規格(ge)型號、組合搭配等，看是否具有良好的應用保(bao)障。從而能夠選(xuan)擇(ze)到合適的手(shou)術(shu)(shu)器械，應用安全(quan)，手(shou)術(shu)(shu)操作也都更(geng)為順利(li)。