一、空冷器屬于什么設備
空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器是(shi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)器的簡稱(cheng),是(shi)石油(you)化工和油(you)氣(qi)加工生產(chan)中(zhong)作為冷(leng)(leng)凝和冷(leng)(leng)卻(que)應用最多的一種換熱設備(bei)。
空冷器一般是由管束(shu)、管箱、風機、百葉窗(chuang)和構架等主要部(bu)分組成(cheng)。
二、空冷器分類及特點有哪些
空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)按使(shi)用場(chang)合不同,可分為(wei)電廠空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)和(he)石化空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。按冷(leng)(leng)卻方式,可分為(wei)干式、濕式、以及干-濕聯合式空(kong)(kong)(kong)冷(leng)(leng)器(qi)(qi)。
1、濕式空冷器
濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)根(gen)據噴(pen)水(shui)方式(shi)(shi),可(ke)分為(wei)表面蒸發型、增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型和(he)噴(pen)淋(lin)型3種(zhong),在石(shi)化工業(ye)中以后兩種(zhong)為(wei)主。表面蒸發式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)是一種(zhong)利(li)(li)用管外水(shui)膜蒸發來(lai)(lai)強(qiang)化傳熱、由(you)光(guang)管組成的空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)裝置。增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)只適(shi)用于(yu)相對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)低于(yu)50%的干燥、炎熱地(di)區,因為(wei)干空(kong)(kong)氣相對(dui)(dui)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)度(du)越(yue)小,增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)后降溫越(yue)多,冷(leng)卻效果(guo)越(yue)顯(xian)著。噴(pen)淋(lin)型濕(shi)(shi)(shi)式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)是直(zhi)接在翅片管束(shu)上噴(pen)霧狀水(shui),利(li)(li)用水(shui)分蒸發的潛熱交換和(he)空(kong)(kong)氣被(bei)增(zeng)濕(shi)(shi)(shi)降溫來(lai)(lai)強(qiang)化傳熱,同(tong)時,水(shui)霧的存(cun)在可(ke)使(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)入口空(kong)(kong)氣溫度(du)接近環境濕(shi)(shi)(shi)球溫度(du),提高了(le)傳熱平均溫差,在3%噴(pen)淋(lin)量下換熱系數可(ke)比干式(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)器(qi)提高2~4倍。
2、干式空冷器
干式空冷器僅依靠空(kong)氣溫(wen)(wen)升的顯熱(re)方式(shi)來交(jiao)換(huan)熱(re)量,靠翅(chi)片管和(he)風機強制(zhi)循環強化傳熱(re)。操作簡單,使用方便,但由于(yu)(yu)其冷(leng)(leng)卻溫(wen)(wen)度取(qu)決(jue)于(yu)(yu)空(kong)氣的干球(qiu)溫(wen)(wen)度,所以一般只能(neng)把管內熱(re)流體冷(leng)(leng)卻到高于(yu)(yu)環境溫(wen)(wen)度15~20℃。
對于我國南方濕(shi)熱地區,濕(shi)式空冷器蒸發(fa)效果不好,一般主要用(yong)干式空冷器。
3、干-濕聯合式空冷器
干(gan)-濕聯合式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi),就是將干(gan)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)與(yu)濕式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi)組合集(ji)成。組合的一般原則(ze)是,在工(gong)藝流體高溫區用(yong)干(gan)式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi),起(qi)氣體冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)的作(zuo)用(yong);在低溫區使用(yong)濕式(shi)空(kong)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)器(qi),起(qi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)液冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻的作(zuo)用(yong)。
總(zong)之,選擇哪種(zhong)形式的空冷(leng)器,要根據當(dang)地的大(da)氣溫度(du)(du)、風速及相(xiang)對濕度(du)(du)等環境氣候條件,結合介質最終冷(leng)卻溫度(du)(du)等換熱(re)工藝要求,并兼(jian)顧經(jing)濟性,進行綜合考量(liang)確定(ding)。