一、雨水收集系統的原理
雨水收集系統,指雨(yu)水(shui)收集(ji)的(de)整個過(guo)程,可分五大(da)環節,即通(tong)過(guo)雨(yu)水(shui)收集(ji)管道收集(ji)雨(yu)水(shui)-棄流截污(wu)-PP雨(yu)水(shui)收集(ji)池儲存雨(yu)水(shui)-過(guo)濾消毒-凈化回用。
雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集(ji)系統的原(yuan)理:下雨(yu)時,通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)管(guan)網對屋面雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)進行收(shou)集(ji),初期雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)由(you)于含(han)污量比(bi)較高,應(ying)先經過(guo)(guo)棄流(liu)(liu)裝置棄流(liu)(liu)后進入雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)收(shou)集(ji)池,當(dang)收(shou)集(ji)池滿后通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)溢流(liu)(liu)堰溢流(liu)(liu)至下游雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)網。雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)回用時,將(jiang)儲(chu)存在收(shou)集(ji)池內(nei)的雨(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)過(guo)(guo)濾及消毒后,排至清水(shui)(shui)(shui)池進行回用。
二、雨水收集系統有哪些作用
1、雨水有效改善區域生態環境
將(jiang)雨水收集、利用或(huo)回灌地下,可減(jian)輕城市(shi)(shi)的(de)防(fang)(fang)洪(hong)排(pai)澇(lao)壓力(li),防(fang)(fang)止(zhi)城市(shi)(shi)因排(pai)澇(lao)設施不完善(shan)導致的(de)城市(shi)(shi)雨水排(pai)泄(xie)不暢(chang)和洪(hong)澇(lao)等災害的(de)發生;削減(jian)雨季峰流量維(wei)持(chi)河川的(de)水量,增(zeng)加(jia)水分的(de)蒸發,從而(er)改(gai)善(shan)城市(shi)(shi)生態環境(jing)抑(yi)制環境(jing)惡化,減(jian)少(shao)或(huo)避(bi)免馬路及(ji)庭院的(de)積水,改(gai)善(shan)小區(qu)水環境(jing),從而(er)提高城市(shi)(shi)居民的(de)生活環境(jing)質量。
2、雨水提高水資源利用率
雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)可(ke)作(zuo)日常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)沖(chong)廁(ce)、洗衣物、澆灌花草等(deng)(deng),所以生(sheng)活(huo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)不必再用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)常規飲用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。再者由于(yu)雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)的鈣鹽含量(liang)低(di),屬(shu)軟水(shui)(shui)(shui),也(ye)可(ke)作(zuo)冷卻水(shui)(shui)(shui)。雨水(shui)(shui)(shui)也(ye)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工業(ye),可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)來清(qing)洗機(ji)器、車(che)間清(qing)洗等(deng)(deng),減少(shao)工業(ye)上(shang)自來水(shui)(shui)(shui)的用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)。還(huan)可(ke)作(zuo)市政(zheng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)道(dao)路清(qing)洗、澆灌城(cheng)市綠化等(deng)(deng)。
3、補充地下水
地下水大部分都是利用雨水、自來水或中水作為補充,其中后兩種方法造價相比于雨水來說偏高,而且中水補充還有污染地下水的可能。利用(yong)雨水補充地下水資源(yuan)則(ze)是最(zui)經(jing)濟的(de)方法。
4、雨水減輕城市防洪、排水系統壓力
多單元的雨(yu)水利(li)用,可以蓄到(dao)大雨(yu)的前中期水量(liang),還能起到(dao)洪水錯峰的作用,從總量(liang)上(shang)減少排入市政管網和河湖的雨(yu)水量(liang)。