一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么
剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保(bao)護裝置是具有漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護功(gong)能的(de)開關(guan)設(she)備,IEC標(biao)準定(ding)名為剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)動作保(bao)護裝置,縮寫(xie)為RCD,我國標(biao)準準將其明確為當電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)線(xian)路和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備發生單相接地故(gu)障時,利用那這個剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)來(lai)動作切(qie)斷故(gu)障線(xian)路和電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)設(she)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)保(bao)護裝置。
剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器,發生電擊時,電流不平衡,總電流不為零,線圈(quan)產生磁場拉動觸點動作,分開電源(yuan)。
二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些
1、根據動作方式分:
(1)電磁式剩余(yu)電流保護器
零序電(dian)(dian)流互感器的二次回路輸出電(dian)(dian)壓不經(jing)任(ren)何放大,直接激勵剩余電(dian)(dian)流脫扣器,稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)(dian)流保護器,其動(dong)作功能與線路電(dian)(dian)壓無關。
(2)電(dian)子(zi)式剩余電(dian)流保護器
零序電流(liu)互感器的二次回路(lu)(lu)和(he)脫扣器之(zhi)間接入一個電子放(fang)大(da)線路(lu)(lu),互感器二次回路(lu)(lu)的輸出電壓經(jing)過電子線路(lu)(lu)放(fang)大(da)后再激勵剩余電流(liu)脫扣器,稱(cheng)為電子式剩余電流(liu)保護器,其動(dong)作功能(neng)與(yu)線路(lu)(lu)電壓有(you)關。
2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分:
(1)剩(sheng)余電流(liu)斷路(lu)器(qi)
剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)斷(duan)路器是檢測(ce)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu),將(jiang)剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi)與(yu)基準(zhun)值(zhi)相比較,當剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)值(zhi)超過基準(zhun)值(zhi)時(shi),使主電路觸頭斷(duan)開(kai)的機械(xie)開(kai)關電器。剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)斷(duan)路器帶(dai)有過載和(he)短路保護,有的剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電流(liu)斷(duan)路器還可帶(dai)有過電壓保護。
(2)剩余電流繼(ji)電器
剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)檢(jian)測剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu),將剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)與基準值(zhi)相比較,當剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值(zhi)超過基準值(zhi)時,發出一個機(ji)械(xie)開閉信號(hao)使機(ji)械(xie)開關電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)脫扣(kou)或(huo)(huo)聲光報警裝(zhuang)置(zhi)發出報警的電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)。剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)常和交流(liu)接觸器(qi)(qi)或(huo)(huo)低(di)壓斷路器(qi)(qi)組成剩余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)器(qi)(qi),作為農(nong)村低(di)壓電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的總保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開關或(huo)(huo)分支(zhi)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)開關使用。
(3)移(yi)動式剩余電流保護(hu)器(qi)
移動(dong)式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)是(shi)由插(cha)(cha)頭、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)裝置和插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)或接線(xian)裝置組成的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi),它(ta)包括剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭、移動(dong)式剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)、剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)插(cha)(cha)頭插(cha)(cha)座(zuo)(zuo)轉(zhuan)換器(qi)等,用來對移動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)設備(bei)提供漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)(hu)。
(4)固定安裝(zhuang)的剩余電流保護(hu)插(cha)座
由固定式插座和剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)組成的電(dian)(dian)器,也可對移動電(dian)(dian)器設備提供漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)。
3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分:
(1)專業人員使用的剩余電流(liu)保護(hu)器
這(zhe)種(zhong)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器(qi)一(yi)般額定電(dian)(dian)流(liu)比較(jiao)大,作為配電(dian)(dian)裝置中主(zhu)干線或(huo)分(fen)支線的(de)(de)保(bao)護開關用,發生故(gu)障影響范圍(wei)比較(jiao)大,要求由(you)專(zhuan)業人員來安(an)裝、使用和維護。剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)器(qi)和大電(dian)(dian)流(liu)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)屬于這(zhe)種(zhong)形(xing)式(shi)的(de)(de)剩余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護器(qi)。
(2)家用(yong)和類似用(yong)途的剩(sheng)余電流保護器
用于(yu)商用、辦(ban)公樓及(ji)城鄉(xiang)居(ju)民住宅等建筑物中的剩余電流保護器(qi),一般(ban)額定(ding)電流比較小,作為終端(duan)電氣(qi)線路(lu)的漏電保護裝(zhuang)置,適合于(yu)非(fei)專業人員(yuan)使用。主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)家用剩余電流斷(duan)路(lu)器(qi)和移動式剩余電流保護器(qi)。
4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分:
(1)一(yi)般型剩余電(dian)流保護器
無故障(zhang)延時的剩余電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器,主要作為(wei)分支線路(lu)和(he)終端線路(lu)的漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)裝置。
(2)延時型(xing)剩余電流保護器
專門設計的(de)(de)對某一(yi)剩(sheng)余動作電(dian)流值能達(da)到一(yi)個預定(ding)的(de)(de)極(ji)限(xian)不動作時間的(de)(de)剩(sheng)余電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)。延時型剩(sheng)余電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)主要作為(wei)主干線或分支線的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi),可(ke)以與終端線路的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)配合,達(da)到選擇性(xing)保(bao)護(hu)的(de)(de)要求。