一、剩余電流動作裝置是什么
剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)是具有漏電(dian)(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)功(gong)能的(de)(de)開關設備(bei),IEC標準定名為剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流動作(zuo)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi),縮寫為RCD,我國標準準將其明確為當電(dian)(dian)氣線(xian)路和電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)發生(sheng)單相接(jie)地(di)故障時,利用那這個剩(sheng)(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流來(lai)動作(zuo)切斷(duan)故障線(xian)路和電(dian)(dian)氣設備(bei)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。
剩余電流保護裝置其實就是漏電保護器,發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)擊時,電(dian)流不平衡,總電(dian)流不為(wei)零,線圈產生(sheng)(sheng)磁(ci)場拉(la)動觸點動作,分開電(dian)源。
二、剩余電流動作裝置有哪些
1、根據動作方式分:
(1)電(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)流保護(hu)器(qi)
零序電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感器(qi)(qi)的二次(ci)回(hui)路(lu)(lu)輸出電(dian)(dian)壓不經任何放大(da),直接(jie)激勵(li)剩余電(dian)(dian)流脫扣(kou)器(qi)(qi),稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)磁式剩余電(dian)(dian)流保(bao)護器(qi)(qi),其動(dong)作功能與線路(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓無關(guan)。
(2)電子式剩(sheng)余電流(liu)保護(hu)器(qi)
零序(xu)電(dian)(dian)流互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的二(er)次回路和(he)脫扣器(qi)(qi)之間接入一個電(dian)(dian)子(zi)放(fang)大(da)線路,互(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)二(er)次回路的輸出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經過電(dian)(dian)子(zi)線路放(fang)大(da)后再激(ji)勵剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流脫扣器(qi)(qi),稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)式剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流保護器(qi)(qi),其動作功能與(yu)線路電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)有關。
2、根據剩余電流保護器的功能分:
(1)剩余電流斷(duan)路(lu)器
剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)是檢測剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu),將剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值與基準值相(xiang)比(bi)較,當剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)值超過基準值時,使主電(dian)(dian)路觸頭斷(duan)(duan)開的機械開關電(dian)(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)帶有(you)過載和(he)短(duan)路保護(hu),有(you)的剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷(duan)(duan)路器(qi)還(huan)可帶有(you)過電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)保護(hu)。
(2)剩(sheng)余(yu)電流繼電器(qi)
剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼電(dian)器(qi)是檢(jian)測剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu),將剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值與基準值相比較,當剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)值超過基準值時,發(fa)出一個機(ji)(ji)械開(kai)閉信號使(shi)機(ji)(ji)械開(kai)關(guan)電(dian)器(qi)脫扣或(huo)聲光(guang)報警(jing)(jing)裝置發(fa)出報警(jing)(jing)的電(dian)器(qi)。剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)繼電(dian)器(qi)常和交流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)接觸器(qi)或(huo)低壓斷路(lu)器(qi)組成剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保護器(qi),作為農村低壓電(dian)網(wang)的總保護開(kai)關(guan)或(huo)分支保護開(kai)關(guan)使(shi)用。
(3)移動式剩(sheng)余電流(liu)保護器
移(yi)動式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)器(qi)(qi)是由插頭(tou)、剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)和插座(zuo)或接線裝置(zhi)組成的電(dian)器(qi)(qi),它包括剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)插頭(tou)、移(yi)動式(shi)剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)插座(zuo)、剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)插頭(tou)插座(zuo)轉換器(qi)(qi)等(deng),用來對移(yi)動電(dian)器(qi)(qi)設備提供(gong)漏電(dian)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)。
(4)固(gu)定安裝(zhuang)的剩余(yu)電流保護插(cha)座
由固(gu)定式插座和剩余電(dian)流保護(hu)裝置(zhi)組成的電(dian)器,也可對移動電(dian)器設(she)備(bei)提供漏電(dian)保護(hu)。
3、根據剩余電流保護器的使用場合分:
(1)專(zhuan)業人員使用(yong)的剩余(yu)電流(liu)保護器(qi)
這種剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)一(yi)般額(e)定電(dian)流(liu)比較大,作為配電(dian)裝(zhuang)置中主干線或分支線的保(bao)護(hu)開(kai)關用(yong),發(fa)生故障影(ying)響范(fan)圍比較大,要求由專業人(ren)員來安裝(zhuang)、使用(yong)和維護(hu)。剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)繼電(dian)器(qi)和大電(dian)流(liu)剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)斷路器(qi)屬于這種形(xing)式(shi)的剩余(yu)電(dian)流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)器(qi)。
(2)家用和類(lei)似用途的剩余電流保護(hu)器
用于(yu)商用、辦公(gong)樓(lou)及城鄉居民住宅等建筑物中的剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器,一般(ban)額(e)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)比(bi)較小,作為(wei)終端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣線路的漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)裝置,適(shi)合于(yu)非專業(ye)人員使用。主要是家用剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)斷路器和移動式剩(sheng)余(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)保護(hu)器。
4、根據剩余電流保護器的動作時間分:
(1)一般型剩余電(dian)流保護器(qi)
無故障延(yan)時的(de)剩余電流保(bao)護器(qi),主要(yao)作為分支線(xian)路(lu)(lu)和終(zhong)端線(xian)路(lu)(lu)的(de)漏電保(bao)護裝置(zhi)。
(2)延時型剩(sheng)余(yu)電流保護器
專門設計的(de)對(dui)某一剩余(yu)動作(zuo)電(dian)流值能(neng)達(da)到一個(ge)預定的(de)極限(xian)不動作(zuo)時(shi)間的(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護器。延時(shi)型剩余(yu)電(dian)流保(bao)護器主(zhu)要(yao)作(zuo)為主(zhu)干線或分支線的(de)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)(zhi),可(ke)以與終端(duan)線路的(de)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)(zhi)配合(he),達(da)到選擇性保(bao)護的(de)要(yao)求。