產品介紹
蕨麻(拉(la)丁(ding)學名:Potentilla anserina L.),原名人參(can)果[1] ,是薔薇科,委陵菜屬多年(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)本。根向下(xia)延長(chang),有(you)時在根的下(xia)部長(chang)成(cheng)紡錘(chui)形(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)塊(kuai)根。莖匍匐,在節處生(sheng)(sheng)根,常著地長(chang)出(chu)新植株(zhu),外被伏生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)半開展(zhan)疏柔(rou)(rou)毛或(huo)脫落幾無毛。基生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)為間(jian)斷羽狀復葉(xie),葉(xie)柄(bing)(bing)被伏生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)半開展(zhan)疏柔(rou)(rou)毛,小葉(xie)對生(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)互(hu)生(sheng)(sheng),無柄(bing)(bing)或(huo)頂生(sheng)(sheng)小葉(xie)有(you)短柄(bing)(bing),橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),倒卵(luan)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)長(chang)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),上面綠色,下(xia)面密被緊(jin)貼銀白色絹毛,葉(xie)脈明(ming)顯(xian)或(huo)不明(ming)顯(xian),莖生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)與基生(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)相似,單花腋(ye)生(sheng)(sheng);花直(zhi)徑1.5-2厘(li)米;萼(e)片三角卵(luan)形(xing),副萼(e)片橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)或(huo)橢(tuo)圓(yuan)(yuan)披針形(xing),花瓣黃色,倒卵(luan)形(xing)、頂端(duan)圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing)。
形態特征
多年生草本。根(gen)(gen)向下延長,有時在根(gen)(gen)的下部長成(cheng)紡(fang)錘形或橢圓形塊(kuai)根(gen)(gen)。莖匍匐,在節處生根(gen)(gen),常著(zhu)地長出新植株,外被伏生或半開(kai)展(zhan)疏(shu)柔毛(mao)或脫落幾無毛(mao)。
基(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)為間斷羽狀復葉(xie)(xie),有小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)6-11對(dui),連(lian)葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)長(chang)2-20厘米,葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)被(bei)伏生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)半開展疏柔毛(mao),有時脫落幾無毛(mao)。小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)或(huo)互生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無柄(bing)或(huo)頂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)有短柄(bing),最上面(mian)一對(dui)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)基(ji)(ji)部(bu)下延與葉(xie)(xie)軸匯(hui)合,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)漸(jian)小(xiao)呈附(fu)片狀;小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)片通常(chang)橢(tuo)圓形,倒卵橢(tuo)圓形或(huo)長(chang)橢(tuo)圓形,長(chang)1-2.5厘米,寬0.5-1厘米,頂端圓鈍,基(ji)(ji)部(bu)楔(xie)形或(huo)闊楔(xie)形,邊緣有多數尖銳鋸齒或(huo)呈裂片狀,上面(mian)綠色(se),被(bei)疏柔毛(mao)或(huo)脫落幾無毛(mao),下面(mian)密被(bei)緊貼(tie)銀白(bai)色(se)絹毛(mao),葉(xie)(xie)脈明(ming)顯或(huo)不明(ming)顯,莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)與基(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)相似,惟小(xiao)葉(xie)(xie)對(dui)數較少(shao);基(ji)(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)和下部(bu)莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)托葉(xie)(xie)膜質,褐色(se),和葉(xie)(xie)柄(bing)連(lian)成(cheng)鞘狀,外面(mian)被(bei)疏柔毛(mao)或(huo)脫落幾無毛(mao),上部(bu)莖(jing)(jing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)(xie)托葉(xie)(xie)草(cao)質,多分裂。
單花(hua)腋生(sheng);花(hua)梗長2.5-8厘(li)米,被(bei)疏柔毛;花(hua)直徑1.5-2厘(li)米;萼(e)片(pian)三(san)角卵形(xing)(xing),頂端急尖(jian)或漸尖(jian),副萼(e)片(pian)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)或橢圓(yuan)披針形(xing)(xing),常2-3裂(lie)稀(xi)不裂(lie),與副萼(e)片(pian)近等長或稍(shao)短;花(hua)瓣(ban)黃(huang)色,倒卵形(xing)(xing)、頂端圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing),比萼(e)片(pian)長1倍(bei);花(hua)柱側生(sheng),小枝(zhi)狀,柱頭稍(shao)擴大。
主要價值
含(han)(han)豐(feng)富(fu)淀(dian)粉,市稱(cheng)“蕨麻(ma)”或“人參果”,治貧血和營養不良等,又可供甜制(zhi)食品(pin)及釀(niang)酒用;根(gen)含(han)(han)鞣料,可提制(zhi)栲膠(jiao),并(bing)可入藥,作收斂劑;莖葉可提取黃色染料;又是蜜源植物和飼料植物。