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基本介紹

孔子湖濕地公園即尼山水庫區，位于山東南部濟寧地區曲阜市尼山鎮，是曲阜市重要的飲用水水源地。公園內(nei)分(fen)為庫塘濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)、季節性河流濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)和沼澤濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)3個濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)型，其(qi)中濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)面積(ji)1093.8公頃，占總面積(ji)72.7%。濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)公園自然(ran)景觀獨特，生(sheng)(sheng)態系統結構完(wan)整，是(shi)眾(zhong)多(duo)野生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)的(de)(de)棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)及繁衍(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。公園內(nei)擁有高(gao)等植(zhi)物(wu)343種(zhong)。濕地(di)(di)(di)(di)野生(sheng)(sheng)動物(wu)種(zhong)類共(gong)528種(zhong)，其(qi)中哺乳動物(wu)18種(zhong)；兩棲動物(wu)4種(zhong)；爬行(xing)動物(wu)13種(zhong)；野生(sheng)(sheng)鳥(niao)類76種(zhong)；昆蟲140種(zhong)；水生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)353種(zhong)。公園的(de)(de)建設將為野生(sheng)(sheng)動植(zhi)物(wu)創造良(liang)好的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)存環境，為眾(zhong)多(duo)的(de)(de)珍(zhen)稀瀕危候(hou)鳥(niao)提供天然(ran)的(de)(de)棲息(xi)地(di)(di)(di)(di)和繁衍(yan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)。

按照功能性與主題性相結合的原則將園區劃分為生態保育區、恢復重建區、宣教展示區、合理利用區和管理服務區五個功能區。生態保育區面積771.8公頃，占全園總面積的51.3%；恢復重建區面積527公頃，占全園面積的35%；宣教展示區面積34公頃，占全園總面積的2.3%；合理利用區面積162.2公頃，占全園面積的10.8%；管理服務區10.2公頃，占全園面積的0.6%。

孔子湖(hu)(hu)國家濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)規劃(hua)總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)為(wei)1505.2公(gong)(gong)頃，其(qi)中濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1093.8公(gong)(gong)頃，占總(zong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)72.7%，主要(yao)由(you)庫塘(tang)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)、沼澤(ze)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)型(xing)組成(cheng)。自2013年1月被批準試(shi)點(dian)(dian)以來，濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)在濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)、修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)、管(guan)理(li)和建(jian)設(she)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)成(cheng)效顯著。一是(shi)(shi)曲阜市(shi)利用(yong)(yong)春(chun)季綠化(hua)(hua)、雨(yu)季造林、小淵基(ji)金項目等(deng)，對(dui)園(yuan)(yuan)區的(de)(de)山體進行(xing)(xing)了綠化(hua)(hua)，面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)達2000多畝，投入資(zi)金3000萬元；二是(shi)(shi)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)植(zhi)被修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)、棲息(xi)地(di)(di)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)恢復(fu)工(gong)程。在夫子洞河、田黃河、張馬河3條流入湖(hu)(hu)區河流及濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)恢復(fu)重建(jian)區，通過(guo)建(jian)生(sheng)物島、生(sheng)物塘(tang)、退耕還湖(hu)(hu)、栽植(zhi)蘆葦等(deng)進行(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)修(xiu)(xiu)復(fu)1000畝；栽植(zhi)漿果(guo)植(zhi)物、蜜(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)物等(deng)近200畝，為(wei)鳥(niao)類提供食(shi)物，為(wei)園(yuan)(yuan)區動物提供棲息(xi)地(di)(di)；三(san)是(shi)(shi)在東(dong)官村西南和西官村古建(jian)筑前進行(xing)(xing)濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)景(jing)點(dian)(dian)景(jing)觀(guan)重點(dian)(dian)打造。工(gong)程建(jian)設(she)內(nei)容(rong)有親水(shui)木棧(zhan)道、觀(guan)鳥(niao)(觀(guan)景(jing))亭、連塘(tang)水(shui)系(塘(tang))、宣教(jiao)牌(pai)展設(she)、游(you)步道、綠化(hua)(hua)植(zhi)物栽植(zhi)等(deng)；四(si)是(shi)(shi)安裝了水(shui)質(zhi)監測(ce)(ce)等(deng)監測(ce)(ce)設(she)備，與(yu)曲師大合(he)作(zuo)建(jian)立(li)了科(ke)(ke)研基(ji)地(di)(di)；五(wu)是(shi)(shi)投入資(zi)金1000萬元，對(dui)環(huan)(huan)湖(hu)(hu)路進行(xing)(xing)拓寬、修(xiu)(xiu)補、綠化(hua)(hua)、亮(liang)化(hua)(hua)等(deng)，建(jian)設(she)了科(ke)(ke)普宣教(jiao)中心，布設(she)了濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)牌(pai)示(shi)系統、解說(shuo)系統等(deng)；六是(shi)(shi)開展了濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)及其(qi)湖(hu)(hu)泊流域服務行(xing)(xing)業(ye)(ye)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合(he)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程，實(shi)現每(mei)年產生(sheng)的(de)(de)餐(can)廚垃圾得到分類資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)化(hua)(hua)、無害化(hua)(hua)處置；七是(shi)(shi)實(shi)施(shi)了濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)區域村莊(zhuang)連片環(huan)(huan)境(jing)綜合(he)整(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)程，用(yong)(yong)“沉淀塘(tang)+氧化(hua)(hua)塘(tang)+兩級表流濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)+穩定(ding)塘(tang)”工(gong)藝，實(shi)現水(shui)質(zhi)凈化(hua)(hua)目的(de)(de)；八是(shi)(shi)開展了聯合(he)行(xing)(xing)動，對(dui)湖(hu)(hu)區內(nei)的(de)(de)養魚(yu)網箱、公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)周邊的(de)(de)采砂點(dian)(dian)進行(xing)(xing)了集中清理(li)，關(guan)閉了一批湖(hu)(hu)區流域范圍內(nei)不能(neng)夠達標排放的(de)(de)小企(qi)業(ye)(ye)、小作(zuo)坊，保(bao)(bao)(bao)障了濕(shi)(shi)地(di)(di)公(gong)(gong)園(yuan)(yuan)水(shui)質(zhi)和生(sheng)態的(de)(de)安全；九是(shi)(shi)實(shi)施(shi)了日常巡(xun)護(hu)(hu)和土壤環(huan)(huan)境(jing)保(bao)(bao)(bao)護(hu)(hu)，減少農藥使用(yong)(yong)，降低面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)污染。