芒果视频下载

基本介紹

膠澳(ao)(ao)總(zong)督(du)府(fu)位(wei)于(yu)市南(nan)區沂水路11號，1904年5月開工，1906年4月竣(jun)工。由(you)德(de)國(guo)設計師拉查魯維(wei)茨設計，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑師為德(de)國(guo)人馬(ma)爾克，由(you)德(de)國(guo)漢堡阿爾托(tuo)納區F·H·施密特公司施工。面(mian)對小青島(dao)(dao)和(he)青島(dao)(dao)灣(wan)，處(chu)于(yu)當(dang)時青島(dao)(dao)市中心處(chu)，是當(dang)時德(de)國(guo)膠澳(ao)(ao)總(zong)督(du)辦公的(de)地方(fang)，又稱“總(zong)督(du)府(fu)”。這座由(you)花崗巖砌成(cheng)的(de)“總(zong)督(du)府(fu)”，始建(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1903年，1906年竣(jun)工。是一座磚石和(he)鋼木混合結(jie)構的(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑面(mian)積7500平方(fang)米，耗資85萬德(de)國(guo)馬(ma)克。

建筑特色

建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)采用19世紀歐洲公(gong)(gong)(gong)共(gong)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)對稱(cheng)(cheng)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，主面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)三(san)縱(zong)五(wu)段的(de)(de)對稱(cheng)(cheng)處理(li)，中軸(zhou)線非常突(tu)出(chu)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)呈“凹(ao)”字型(xing)。東西長80米(mi)(mi),南(nan)北(bei)長約40米(mi)(mi)。四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設(she)半地下室。位于(yu)二層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)扁(bian)圓大(da)圓券門(men)廊為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主入(ru)口,由寬大(da)的(de)(de)39級石(shi)(shi)階和兩邊的(de)(de)行(xing)車坡(po)道直通, 建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)2～3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou),由中部大(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯聯通,層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)高(gao)4米(mi)(mi)。半地下室、四層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)及閣樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)是獨立(li)輔(fu)(fu)助辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng),僅能由兩側次段樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)梯與(yu)各(ge)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)聯系。整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)以(yi)古典主義立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)劃(hua)分(fen)(fen),底層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)作(zuo)(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)基座(zuo),用粗大(da)的(de)(de)蘑菇(gu)石(shi)(shi)砌筑(zhu)(zhu),敦(dun)實(shi)厚重(zhong),以(yi)上(shang)(shang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)達(da)兩層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)花崗石(shi)(shi)矩形(xing)壁柱(zhu)和變(bian)形(xing)的(de)(de)愛(ai)奧尼克柱(zhu)頭,柱(zhu)間(jian)做(zuo)石(shi)(shi)砌拱(gong)(gong)檐,拱(gong)(gong)上(shang)(shang)部為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)石(shi)(shi)砌墻(qiang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian), 墻(qiang)上(shang)(shang)開小(xiao)窄窗。南(nan)主立(li)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)三(san)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)柱(zhu)間(jian)作(zuo)(zuo)拱(gong)(gong)形(xing)明(ming)柱(zhu)廊。配以(yi)折(zhe)線型(xing)屋(wu)頂(ding)，覆以(yi)筒式(shi)紅瓦(wa)，開啟有(you)(you)(you)弧狀屋(wu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)窗，頂(ding)側裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)鐵欄(lan)桿，既用于(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)，又做(zuo)避雷(lei)針，十分(fen)(fen)精巧。 總督(du)府為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)房，主體高(gao)20米(mi)(mi)，1、4、5層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)均為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)窗戶較小(xiao)的(de)(de)輔(fu)(fu)助性(xing)房間(jian)，主要辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室都在2、3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)朝陽(yang)的(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)，走廊均在背陰的(de)(de)一面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室寬敞(chang)明(ming)亮，門(men)窗很(hen)大(da)，辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)室外(wai)(wai)(wai)還有(you)(you)(you)長廊式(shi)陽(yang)臺，室內(nei)除裝(zhuang)(zhuang)有(you)(you)(you)柚木護墻(qiang)板和地板外(wai)(wai)(wai)，別無其它裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)，使人感到莊(zhuang)重(zhong)樸實(shi)。整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)形(xing)非常莊(zhuang)重(zhong)，處理(li)手法也非常嚴謹(jin)。大(da)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)外(wai)(wai)(wai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一拱(gong)(gong)圈(quan)形(xing)大(da)門(men)，進門(men)則是2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)。2層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)門(men)廳(ting)和3層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)會議(yi)廳(ting)及主要大(da)廳(ting)都很(hen)高(gao)大(da)。總督(du)府內(nei)的(de)(de)門(men)窗等木作(zuo)(zuo)皆用柚木做(zuo)成,耐變(bian)形(xing)。外(wai)(wai)(wai)墻(qiang)轉角處為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)向(xiang)外(wai)(wai)(wai)斜出(chu)的(de)(de)石(shi)(shi)砌勒(le)腳,以(yi)加強穩定(ding)感。屋(wu)蓋(gai)配以(yi)高(gao)聳的(de)(de)蒙莎式(shi)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)頂(ding),掛紅筒瓦(wa)。整個(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)氣勢(shi)宏大(da),莊(zhuang)嚴而生(sheng)動。該建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)位于(yu)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)場(chang)的(de)(de)中軸(zhou)線上(shang)(shang),廣(guang)場(chang)前方(fang)通過疊落(luo)后的(de)(de)青島(dao)路及中心花壇(tan)直對海面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian),更加突(tu)出(chu)行(xing)政建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)莊(zhuang)重(zhong)格局。解放(fang)前該樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)歷屆政府辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。解放(fang)后為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)青島(dao)市人民政府辦公(gong)(gong)(gong)樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)。由于(yu)它背山面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)海，樓(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)(lou)前廣(guang)場(chang)空間(jian)開闊，更顯得(de)蔚(yu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)壯觀，在建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)方(fang)位多不規則的(de)(de)青島(dao)市區(qu)內(nei)，它是少(shao)見的(de)(de)一座(zuo)近似正南(nan)正北(bei)的(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)物。

建設沿革

1914年第一次世界大戰爆發，日(ri)本(ben)取代(dai)德國侵(qin)占青(qing)(qing)島(dao)，總督(du)府(fu)成為日(ri)軍駐青(qing)(qing)島(dao)守(shou)備(bei)司令(ling)部。1922年，中(zhong)國政府(fu)從日(ri)本(ben)人手中(zhong)收回青(qing)(qing)島(dao)，此樓成為膠澳商埠督(du)辦公署(shu)，1929年4月，總督(du)府(fu)又(you)為青(qing)(qing)島(dao)接收專員公署(shu)，同年7月成為青(qing)(qing)島(dao)特別市政府(fu)的所在地(di)。

1938年，日(ri)本(ben)第二次侵占(zhan)青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)，總督府又(you)成為日(ri)偽最高(gao)統(tong)治機關所(suo)在地(di)，先(xian)后(hou)稱為“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)特(te)別市(shi)公署”，“青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)特(te)別市(shi)政(zheng)府”。1945年日(ri)本(ben)投降后(hou)，國(guo)民黨政(zheng)府接收青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)，總督府再次作為青(qing)(qing)島(dao)(dao)市(shi)政(zheng)府所(suo)在地(di)。

1949年6月2日(ri)，青島解放。這座(zuo)辦(ban)公大(da)樓(lou)先后為青島市(shi)人(ren)民政府、青島市(shi)人(ren)民委員會(hui)所在地。現為市(shi)人(ren)大(da)常(chang)委會(hui)和市(shi)政協(xie)的辦(ban)公場所。1996年，被國(guo)務院公布為全國(guo)重點文物保護單位。