位(wei)于(yu)離(li)平度市(shi)城區約30公里的(de)古峴鎮大朱毛(mao)村一帶,因古墨(mo)(mo)(mo)水河得(de)名(ming)即墨(mo)(mo)(mo)。戰(zhan)國時屬齊邑,秦時置(zhi)縣,西漢(han)時為膠東(dong)(dong)國之都(dou)城,又(you)因膠東(dong)(dong)國康(kang)王都(dou)此,人稱“康(kang)王城”。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)時期,膠東(dong)(dong)與(yu)即墨(mo)(mo)(mo)分(fen)治。北齊天保七年(公元556年)裁撤即墨(mo)(mo)(mo)縣,該城逐漸(jian)傾圮。
即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)是春秋(qiu)戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)邑(yi)。因(yin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)臨(lin)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)水(shui),故曰(yue)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo);后世因(yin)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)設朱毛(mao)(mao)村,《左(zuo)傳(chuan)(chuan)》襄公(gong)六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(公(gong)元前567年(nian)):“十一月,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯滅萊(lai)”,乃(nai)建(jian)此(ci)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于原萊(lai)國(guo)之(zhi)中,北依群山,南控芥莒。田齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)置邑(yi),封重臣(chen)為(wei)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)。春秋(qiu)時(shi)期,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)夫(fu)朱毛(mao)(mao)曾居(ju)于此(ci),故有(you)(you)俗稱“朱毛(mao)(mao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”; 后因(yin)西漢康王(wang)劉寄封于此(ci),又稱“康王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)”。 即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)始建(jian)于春秋(qiu)后期,戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)代發展成為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)(今(jin)(jin)膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)半島地(di)區(qu))的(de)(de)政(zheng)治經濟(ji)文(wen)化(hua)中心。據(ju)《史記·田敬仲完(wan)世家》,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)威王(wang)因(yin)左(zuo)右對即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)毀言日至(zhi),乃(nai)“使人視即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)”,見“田野(ye)辟,民人給,官無留(liu)事,東(dong)(dong)方以寧(ning)”,知即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)大(da)(da)夫(fu)不事其左(zuo)右以求譽,因(yin)“封之(zhi)萬家”。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)滑王(wang)時(shi),樂毅破(po)(po)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)70余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),唯莒和即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)未(wei)下(xia),田單走安(an)平,守即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo),大(da)(da)擺火牛陣以即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)破(po)(po)燕(yan)軍,盡復齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)之(zhi)失地(di)。這就是歷史上著(zhu)名的(de)(de)“田單破(po)(po)燕(yan)”事件。秦滅六(liu)(liu)國(guo),以即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)郡治設膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)郡。項羽分齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)地(di)為(wei)三,以古即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)都,設膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)國(guo)。西漢前期三封膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)王(wang),康王(wang)劉寄及(ji)其子孫,傳(chuan)(chuan)國(guo)直至(zhi)西漢之(zhi)末。后歷東(dong)(dong)漢、魏晉、十六(liu)(liu)國(guo),直到北齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)天保七年(nian)(556年(nian)) 即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)廢縣(xian)(xian)。隋開皇十六(liu)(liu)年(nian)(596年(nian))重設即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)縣(xian)(xian),移縣(xian)(xian)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)于舊不其縣(xian)(xian)境,即(ji)(ji)今(jin)(jin)之(zhi)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)市區(qu)。 現存(cun)(cun)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)遺(yi)址系西漢膠(jiao)東(dong)(dong)王(wang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),地(di)面有(you)(you)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)遺(yi)存(cun)(cun),分內(nei)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。外城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)南北長5公(gong)里(li), 東(dong)(dong)西寬2.5公(gong)里(li); 東(dong)(dong)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)殘存(cun)(cun)1000余米, 城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)基寬約(yue)40米、高約(yue)5米。城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(nei)“金鑾殿”、“梳妝(zhuang)樓”、“點將(jiang)臺”、“養魚池”等(deng)至(zhi)今(jin)(jin)尚存(cun)(cun)遺(yi)跡。 即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)地(di)下(xia)不斷(duan)有(you)(you)珍貴文(wen)物(wu)出(chu)土。
民國年間曾出土一窟古錢幣,多達20車。
1986年冬,出(chu)土“燕明字刀幣(bi)”達(da)28公斤(jin),另(ling)出(chu)土有(you)弩機、銅舫、劍、戈、刀、幣(bi)等。
故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)分內城(cheng)(cheng)及(ji)外城(cheng)(cheng)。外城(cheng)(cheng)南北長約5公(gong)里(li),東(dong)西寬約2.5公(gong)里(li)。尚遺(yi)存(cun)城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)千(qian)余米(mi)(mi),城(cheng)(cheng)基寬約40余米(mi)(mi),高約5米(mi)(mi),全(quan)為夯土板筑。內城(cheng)(cheng)有(you)(you)金(jin)鑾殿、點(dian)將臺、東(dong)西倉、貯(zhu)貨灣、養魚池、梳妝樓等遺(yi)跡。古(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)帶常有(you)(you)銅器(qi)、鐵器(qi)等文物出土。故(gu)城(cheng)(cheng)北的群(qun)山峰上,古(gu)墓(mu)群(qun)蜿蜒30多華里(li),有(you)(you)400余座。墓(mu)葬之多,墓(mu)之高大(da)均(jun)屬(shu)罕見。當(dang)時的運(yun)糧河(即今小(xiao)沽河),通過東(dong)南城(cheng)(cheng)門洞 ,可直接駛入貯(zhu)貨灣內,至今城(cheng)(cheng)墻(qiang)缺口(kou)尚存(cun)。
即(ji)墨故(gu)城素有(you)(you)“朱毛城,臨淄(zi)(zi)土(tu)”之稱。傳說當(dang)(dang)年(nian)建城墻(qiang)所有(you)(you)的磚瓦(wa),都(dou)是(shi)人工從臨淄(zi)(zi)遞過(guo)來的。當(dang)(dang)地“二貞廟”、“洗心(xin)(xin)河”等類(lei)似孟姜女的傳說,反映了(le)當(dang)(dang)時(shi)百姓(xing)不堪于苦役的心(xin)(xin)理。故(gu)城墻(qiang)一帶常有(you)(you)文物(wu)出土(tu),如銅鈁(fang)、弩(nu)機、戈、劍(jian)、刀幣、鐵錢范等。
1984年,即墨故城遺址(zhi)被青(qing)島(dao)市政(zheng)府(fu)列為市級文物保(bao)護單位。
1992年,山東省(sheng)人民政(zheng)府公布其為(wei)省(sheng)級文(wen)物(wu)保護(hu)單位。
2001年,國(guo)務(wu)院公布(bu)為(wei)第五批全國(guo)文(wen)物保(bao)護單位。
即墨故(gu)城是歷(li)史上(shang)(shang)不少朝(chao)代王(wang)(wang)(wang)、候的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)陪都和封地,是膠東(dong)名城,在(zai)一千(qian)多年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時間里。前后共有(you)(you)八(ba)王(wang)(wang)(wang)、六(liu)侯(hou)、一相治此。這(zhe)些王(wang)(wang)(wang)公(gong)貴(gui)族的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)墓(mu)群(qun)大(da)(da)(da)多都建在(zai)距即墨故(gu)城十公(gong)里左(zuo)右(you)遠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈上(shang)(shang),形(xing)成(cheng)了一個(ge)規(gui)模宏大(da)(da)(da)、蔚(yu)偉 壯觀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古(gu)墓(mu)群(qun)--六(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)墓(mu)群(qun)。 六(liu)曲山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)古(gu)墓(mu)群(qun),東(dong)起龍(long)虎(hu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),西至窟窿山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan),蜿蜒近(jin)十五公(gong)里,分別在(zai)古(gu)峴、云(yun)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)、麻蘭(lan)鎮的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)十多個(ge)村(cun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三(san)(san)十余(yu)個(ge)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭上(shang)(shang),共有(you)(you)三(san)(san)百六(liu)十余(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),絕大(da)(da)(da)部分為(wei)漢代墓(mu),其中大(da)(da)(da)型(xing)墓(mu)二十余(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),中型(xing)墓(mu)六(liu)十余(yu)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),其余(yu)為(wei)小型(xing)墓(mu)。其中大(da)(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是西漢景帝之(zhi)(zhi)子康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)(fen),墳(fen)(fen)(fen)頭之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da),大(da)(da)(da)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,坐落(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),下(xia)部有(you)(you)排水洞,均用石(shi)頭砌成(cheng),其遺墟尚存,整(zheng)個(ge)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)占地約(yue)(yue)二、三(san)(san)十畝,整(zheng)體呈上(shang)(shang)窄下(xia)寬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“凸”字形(xing),墳(fen)(fen)(fen)高四十余(yu)米。通過實地考據,當年修筑康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)時將山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding)夷為(wei)平地并深挖殯埋(mai)后再依山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)勢堆(dui)積而成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)巨大(da)(da)(da)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,其上(shang)(shang)部有(you)(you)一平整(zheng)地塊,長約(yue)(yue)百米,寬約(yue)(yue)八(ba)十米。四周(zhou)整(zheng)齊(qi),呈方形(xing),有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)已(yi)被農(nong)民(min)種(zhong)植時令農(nong)作物。墳(fen)(fen)(fen)頭坐落(luo)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頂(ding),土(tu)質堅硬結實,與自然山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)頭有(you)(you)很大(da)(da)(da)不同,一座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)(fen)竟(jing)大(da)(da)(da)于山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘,足(zu)見墳(fen)(fen)(fen)墓(mu)之(zhi)(zhi)大(da)(da)(da),地下(xia)寶物之(zhi)(zhi)豐厚。民(min)間一直有(you)(you)“打(da)開康(kang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)墳(fen)(fen)(fen),山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)不受(shou)貧”之(zhi)(zhi)說。
在康(kang)王墳山(shan)坡前,修有康(kang)陵寺,據(ju)當(dang)代村民(min)講,康(kang)陵寺建(jian)于(yu)漢朝,距今兩(liang)千多年(nian)(nian)。乾隆四十年(nian)(nian)(公元一(yi)七七五(wu)年(nian)(nian))重修,佛殿(dian)門(men)前有壯觀(guan)的(de)大匾,宏(hong)偉(wei)的(de)大山(shan)門(men),有和尚(shang)撞鐘的(de)鐘樓,有燒香火的(de)香檀。分(fen)東西二(er)廂,東廂住(zhu)(zhu)和尚(shang),西廂住(zhu)(zhu)尼姑,分(fen)前后二(er)殿(dian),前殿(dian)三(san)間,塑(su)有四大天王,八(ba)大金剛像(xiang),惟妙惟肖.后殿(dian)五(wu)間,塑(su)有西天活佛,十八(ba)羅漢,形象逼真。此(ci)廟(miao)興盛于(yu)世,聞(wen)名百里,前來(lai)降香祁福者眾。可惜在一(yi)九四一(yi)年(nian)(nian)被土頑李德元部拆毀。
六(liu)曲山古(gu)墓群在(zai)1978年(nian)被(bei)公(gong)布為省級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu)保護單(dan)位。2001年(nian)又被(bei)國務院(yuan)公(gong)布為國家級(ji)重點(dian)文(wen)(wen)物(wu) 保護單(dan)位。