婺(wu)州蜜梨(li)翠冠(guan)梨(li)果(guo)形(xing)圓整、果(guo)點較小(xiao)、松(song)脆多汁、味甜(tian)爽口。翠玉梨(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色澤均勻、果(guo)肉(rou)(rou)潔白、肉(rou)(rou)質細嫩。
金(jin)東區(qu)地勢南北(bei)(bei)高(gao),中部(bu)低(di),以丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山地為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。北(bei)(bei)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)金(jin)華山山脈,海(hai)拔在500米~900米之(zhi)間(jian)(jian),往南逐漸緩降為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)崗淺(qian)丘(qiu)(qiu)。南部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)仙霞嶺余脈所延伸,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低(di)山淺(qian)丘(qiu)(qiu)與溪谷平(ping)原相間(jian)(jian)地形(xing)。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)多丘(qiu)(qiu)陵(ling)山地,受光(guang)(guang)面積大,通風透光(guang)(guang),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)排水(shui)通氣良好。促使梨(li)(li)樹生(sheng)長健壯,花芽分(fen)化好,樹體(ti)壽命長。金(jin)東區(qu)屬亞熱帶季風氣候,年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫17℃左(zuo)右(you),1月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫4.8 ℃左(zuo)右(you),7月(yue)(yue)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫29℃,形(xing)成冬夏長、春(chun)秋短,四季分(fen)明(ming)的(de)特點(dian)。無霜(shuang)期(qi)250天(tian)左(zuo)右(you)。年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水(shui)量在1300mm~1400mm之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)。年內變化季節分(fen)配不均(jun)(jun)(jun)勻,3月(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)多雨(yu)(yu)(yu)期(qi),雨(yu)(yu)(yu)量占全(quan)年50%以上(shang),其中5月(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)份(fen)梅雨(yu)(yu)(yu)季節,常出現(xian)大面積降水(shui);6月(yue)(yue)~8月(yue)(yue)以晴熱天(tian)氣為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),11月(yue)(yue)中、下旬(xun)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣溫下降至14℃,開始落葉進入休眠(mian)越冬。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)喜光(guang)(guang),年平(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照時(shi)數2028小時(shi),為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)全(quan)省日照時(shi)數最多的(de)地區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi),隨著光(guang)(guang)照強度增加,光(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)作(zuo)用(yong)增強,光(guang)(guang)合(he)(he)產(chan)物(wu)也多,這(zhe)一(yi)氣候條件有(you)(you)利(li)(li)增加婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)甜(tian)(tian)度,是砂梨(li)(li)品系產(chan)區(qu)中成熟較早的(de)產(chan)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi)。成熟期(qi)間(jian)(jian)晝夜溫差大于(yu)160以上(shang),有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)養分(fen)的(de)轉化和(he)糖分(fen)的(de)積累,提高(gao)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)含量。婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)種植區(qu)域屬錢(qian)塘江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)上(shang)游水(shui)系,義(yi)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)與武義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)會合(he)(he)后流入婺(wu)(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),主(zhu)要河流水(shui)質均(jun)(jun)(jun)達(da)到(dao)三(san)類及(ji)以上(shang)水(shui)質。同時(shi)金(jin)東區(qu)域內有(you)(you)水(shui)庫67座,蓄水(shui)總庫容量達(da)7871萬立方米。灌溉用(yong)水(shui)水(shui)源清(qing)澈、水(shui)質良好、水(shui)味甘甜(tian)(tian),有(you)(you)利(li)(li)于(yu)婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)品質的(de)提升。保(bao)(bao)護(hu)區(qu)基地大多建在義(yi)烏(wu)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)武義(yi)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)沿(yan)線形(xing)成的(de)沖積壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)上(shang),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)肥沃、土(tu)質疏松(song)、全(quan)鉀(jia)含量高(gao),土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)微酸性,PH值以5.5~6.5為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),特別適宜婺(wu)(wu)州(zhou)蜜(mi)(mi)梨(li)(li)生(sheng)長。
婺(wu)州蜜梨保護區(qu)域范圍為:金(jin)華市金(jin)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)區(qu)所轄多(duo)湖街道、江東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)、嶺下鎮(zhen)、澧浦鎮(zhen)、塘(tang)雅鎮(zhen)、孝順鎮(zhen)、付(fu)村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)、源(yuan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang),共計8個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(街道),北至(zhi)源(yuan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鄉(xiang)丁(ding)陽嶺村(cun)(cun),東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)至(zhi)孝順鎮(zhen)低田村(cun)(cun),南至(zhi)江東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鎮(zhen)焦巖村(cun)(cun),西至(zhi)多(duo)湖街道王宅村(cun)(cun)等68個行(xing)政村(cun)(cun)。地理坐標(biao)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)經119°89′29″~119°56′29″,北緯29°00′07″~29°32′12″。
翠冠(guan)梨(li)果(guo)形圓整、果(guo)點較小、松(song)脆多汁(zhi)、味(wei)甜爽(shuang)口。翠玉梨(li)果(guo)皮光滑、色(se)澤均(jun)勻、果(guo)肉(rou)潔(jie)白、肉(rou)質(zhi)細嫩。翠冠(guan)梨(li) 硬(ying)度≥4.0kg/cm2,可溶性(xing)固(gu)形物≥10.5%,可滴定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2%。硬(ying)度≥4.0kg/cm2,可溶性(xing)固(gu)形物≥10.5%,可滴定(ding)酸(suan)≤0.2%。符合(he)國(guo)家農業(ye)行業(ye)標準規(gui)定(ding)的(de)有關(guan)要求。
園(yuan)地(di)選(xuan)擇選(xuan)擇光照條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao),山地(di)坡度(du)25度(du)以下(xia),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)層(ceng)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)厚肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃,土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)質通(tong)透性(xing)(xing)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)緩(huan)坡,或(huo)交通(tong)便利(li)、排(pai)灌(guan)(guan)良(liang)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平地(di)。翠冠、翠玉等(deng)優(you)良(liang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適(shi)合(he)(he)本地(di)栽(zai)培(pei)、抗病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)能力(li)強(qiang)、品(pin)(pin)質好(hao)(hao)、豐產(chan)(chan)穩產(chan)(chan)。挑選(xuan)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)純正、根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi)發(fa)達、粗壯(zhuang)(zhuang)、無(wu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)苗(miao)(miao)。11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)到次年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)是(shi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植梨(li)苗(miao)(miao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳時(shi)機(ji)(ji)。緩(huan)坡地(di)行(xing)(xing)距4m~5m,株(zhu)距2m~3m;平地(di)行(xing)(xing)距4m~5m,株(zhu)距3m~4m。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植穴(xue)(xue)長(chang)(chang)寬深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)為(wei)80cm×80cm×60cm,砂土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)瘠薄地(di)適(shi)當加(jia)大(da)(da)。每(mei)穴(xue)(xue)施(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(腐熟(shu)(shu)廄肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei))50kg作(zuo)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。定(ding)(ding)(ding)植穴(xue)(xue)上(shang)挖個(ge)小穴(xue)(xue),把苗(miao)(miao)木放在(zai)(zai)(zai)穴(xue)(xue)內,理(li)(li)直根(gen)(gen)(gen)系(xi)(xi),加(jia)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)沃細土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),用(yong)(yong)手輕輕提苗(miao)(miao)、踏實(shi)(shi)、培(pei)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),做到淺(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),苗(miao)(miao)木嫁接(jie)口(kou)露出土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面。授粉(fen)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)栽(zai)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植比例(li)為(wei)1:4,南北(bei)向分(fen)行(xing)(xing)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植,定(ding)(ding)(ding)植后(hou)(hou)澆(jiao)(jiao)透水(shui)(shui)(shui),定(ding)(ding)(ding)干高(gao)度(du)30cm~50cm。以培(pei)養三大(da)(da)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形(xing)或(huo)多(duo)主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)開心(xin)形(xing)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),即(ji)在(zai)(zai)(zai)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)50cm~60cm時(shi)選(xuan)定(ding)(ding)(ding)3個(ge)或(huo)多(duo)個(ge)方位(wei)合(he)(he)理(li)(li),分(fen)布均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)摘(zhai)心(xin),其(qi)余疏刪(shan)。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)原則:大(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)少(shao)而精,小枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)多(duo)而勻,去(qu)直留(liu)斜。修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)方法:大(da)(da)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)去(qu)強(qiang)留(liu)弱(ruo),緩(huan)放結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可從基(ji)部(bu)除(chu)去(qu);中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)庸枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)縮剪(jian)(jian)(jian)先(xian)端(duan)強(qiang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),疏刪(shan)后(hou)(hou)部(bu)細弱(ruo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi);小枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)要(yao)注意(yi)更新(xin)復(fu)壯(zhuang)(zhuang),多(duo)留(liu)更新(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)健壯(zhuang)(zhuang)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)。休眠期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian))在(zai)(zai)(zai)11月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)落葉(xie)到翌年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)底前(qian)均(jun)可進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)(夏季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian))抹(mo)芽(ya)(ya)(ya):抹(mo)除(chu)樹(shu)(shu)冠內容(rong)(rong)易(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)背(bei)上(shang)壯(zhuang)(zhuang)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),剪(jian)(jian)(jian)口(kou)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)競(jing)爭芽(ya)(ya)(ya)及(ji)延長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)雙(shuang)(shuang)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)、三芽(ya)(ya)(ya)。摘(zhai)心(xin):新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)20cm~30cm時(shi)摘(zhai)除(chu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)頂端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嫩(nen)梢(shao)(shao)(shao),再次抽生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)旺(wang)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)需(xu)不(bu)斷摘(zhai)心(xin)或(huo)扭梢(shao)(shao)(shao)。扭梢(shao)(shao)(shao):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)長(chang)(chang)15cm~20cm半(ban)木質化(hua)(hua)時(shi),將直立(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)徒(tu)長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)旺(wang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)扭曲呈(cheng)下(xia)垂(chui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)。拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)間(jian)對角度(du)小、過于直立(li)(li)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺(wang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副主(zhu)(zhu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)大(da)(da)型枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)組(zu)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)拉枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、壓枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或(huo)墜枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)疏除(chu)部(bu)分(fen)花(hua)(hua)芽(ya)(ya)(ya),在(zai)(zai)(zai)現蕾(lei)(lei)(lei)期(qi)先(xian)疏去(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)序,根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)需(xu)要(yao)每(mei)隔(ge)(ge)5cm~10cm留(liu)1個(ge)花(hua)(hua)序,其(qi)余一(yi)律疏除(chu)。授粉(fen)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)每(mei)個(ge)花(hua)(hua)序留(liu)一(yi)半(ban)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)邊(bian)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)(lei)(lei),疏去(qu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)花(hua)(hua)蕾(lei)(lei)(lei)。疏果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)上(shang)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)。坐果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)率高(gao)年(nian)(nian)份早疏,否(fou)則晚疏。根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)樹(shu)(shu)齡(ling)、樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi)、土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)、管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平來預估產(chan)(chan)量,一(yi)般每(mei)公頃(qing)產(chan)(chan)量控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)22500kg左(zuo)右(you),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)好(hao)(hao)、肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)充足、樹(shu)(shu)勢(shi)強(qiang)健、管理(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多(duo)留(liu),否(fou)則少(shao)留(liu)。套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)時(shi)間(jian):在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)袋(dai)(dai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)類(lei):根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)不(bu)同品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)求,選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)優(you)質雙(shuang)(shuang)層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)、單(dan)層(ceng)紙(zhi)袋(dai)(dai)和(he)(he)塑(su)膜袋(dai)(dai)等(deng)。省力(li)化(hua)(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)園(yuan)可以不(bu)套(tao)袋(dai)(dai)。結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)秋施(shi)基(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)全(quan)園(yuan)翻耕(geng),一(yi)般靠(kao)近主(zhu)(zhu)干處(chu)淺(qian),株(zhu)間(jian)、行(xing)(xing)間(jian)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen),耕(geng)作(zuo)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)(zai)20cm~40cm左(zuo)右(you),2月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng),夏秋旱季(ji)淺(qian)耕(geng)細作(zuo)。行(xing)(xing)間(jian)套(tao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豆類(lei)、綠肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)等(deng)。成(cheng)年(nian)(nian)樹(shu)(shu)全(quan)園(yuan)清(qing)(qing)耕(geng)法與(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草法管理(li)(li)模(mo)式相結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)。9月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~10月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)份施(shi)入,以商品(pin)(pin)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、磷肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),施(shi)入挖好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)30cm~40cm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)放射溝或(huo)環(huan)狀溝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),施(shi)后(hou)(hou)覆(fu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)。壯(zhuang)(zhuang)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)下(xia)旬(xun)(xun)(xun)每(mei)公頃(qing)施(shi)復(fu)合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)(N:P:K=15:15:15)420kg,硫酸(suan)鉀110kg。一(yi)周后(hou)(hou)再施(shi)一(yi)次。采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)周內,每(mei)公頃(qing)施(shi)尿素150kg。根(gen)(gen)(gen)外(wai)追肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)結(jie)(jie)合(he)(he)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)葉(xie)面噴(pen)施(shi),特別在(zai)(zai)(zai)蕾(lei)(lei)(lei)期(qi)、幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)期(qi)、果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)和(he)(he)采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)恢復(fu)期(qi)每(mei)個(ge)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期(qi)噴(pen)2次~3次,肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)料用(yong)(yong)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)液肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)、微量元素,速(su)效(xiao)氮、磷、鉀等(deng)。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)時(shi)期(qi):當梨(li)樹(shu)(shu)發(fa)芽(ya)(ya)(ya)前(qian)后(hou)(hou)到花(hua)(hua)期(qi)連續無(wu)雨達15天時(shi)、4月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~5月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)新(xin)梢(shao)(shao)(shao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)和(he)(he)幼果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)連續無(wu)雨10天時(shi)、6月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)~7月(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)(yue)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)迅(xun)速(su)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)連續無(wu)雨達7天~10天時(shi)即(ji)應及(ji)時(shi)灌(guan)(guan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。灌(guan)(guan)溉(gai)方法:有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)條(tiao)(tiao)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)盡可能采(cai)(cai)取噴(pen)滴灌(guan)(guan),也可采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)溝灌(guan)(guan)、澆(jiao)(jiao)灌(guan)(guan)等(deng)。排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui):地(di)勢(shi)低洼、易(yi)積水(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)位(wei)較高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)梨(li)園(yuan),還須建立(li)(li)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)統,確(que)保(bao)降雨后(hou)(hou)30cm左(zuo)右(you)深(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)排(pai)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溝中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)無(wu)隔(ge)(ge)夜積水(shui)(shui)(shui),避免澇漬害(hai)(hai)。病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)原則按(an)照“預防(fang)(fang)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)、綜(zong)合(he)(he)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方針,以農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)基(ji)礎,增(zeng)強(qiang)樹(shu)(shu)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗逆能力(li);根(gen)(gen)(gen)據(ju)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)規律,因時(shi)、因地(di)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)宜(yi)合(he)(he)理(li)(li)運用(yong)(yong)化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)(li)機(ji)(ji)械防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)措施(shi),經濟、安(an)全(quan)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)害(hai)(hai)。防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)嚴格執行(xing)(xing)國家規定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)植物(wu)檢(jian)(jian)疫制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du),防(fang)(fang)止檢(jian)(jian)疫性(xing)(xing)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)蔓(man)延、傳播。農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):合(he)(he)理(li)(li)修(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)及(ji)時(shi)清(qing)(qing)除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)為(wei)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)枯枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、落葉(xie),做好(hao)(hao)冬季(ji)清(qing)(qing)園(yuan)工(gong)作(zuo),減(jian)少(shao)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)源。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):保(bao)護和(he)(he)利(li)用(yong)(yong)天敵,釋放寄(ji)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)性(xing)(xing)捕食性(xing)(xing)天敵,發(fa)揮生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。物(wu)理(li)(li)防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):利(li)用(yong)(yong)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨光性(xing)(xing)及(ji)對某些(xie)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)趨性(xing)(xing)誘殺,在(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)蟲(chong)(chong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)期(qi),田間(jian)掛(gua)誘蟲(chong)(chong)燈或(huo)性(xing)(xing)誘劑等(deng)誘殺。化(hua)(hua)學防(fang)(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi):優(you)先(xian)選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)源、礦物(wu)源農(nong)(nong)藥。注意(yi)噴(pen)藥質量,減(jian)少(shao)噴(pen)藥次數(shu)。嚴禁使用(yong)(yong)劇(ju)毒、高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留(liu)或(huo)具有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)“三致(zhi)”(致(zhi)癌、致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突(tu)變)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥及(ji)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)遺傳工(gong)程微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)劑。必須嚴格國家綠色食品(pin)(pin)A級(ji)(ji)標準(zhun)嚴格控制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)農(nong)(nong)藥用(yong)(yong)量、使用(yong)(yong)濃度(du)、使用(yong)(yong)次數(shu)及(ji)最(zui)后(hou)(hou)一(yi)次施(shi)藥距采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隔(ge)(ge)期(qi)。采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)、分(fen)級(ji)(ji)、包裝(zhuang)、運輸、采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)(shu)后(hou)(hou)適(shi)時(shi)組(zu)織人員分(fen)期(qi)分(fen)批采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)。采(cai)(cai)后(hou)(hou)應盡快進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)(ji),先(xian)剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、畸(ji)形(xing)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、小果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(未發(fa)育完全(quan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo))、機(ji)(ji)械傷果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)不(bu)符合(he)(he)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)指標的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi),按(an)大(da)(da)小進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)分(fen)級(ji)(ji)。包裝(zhuang)盒上(shang)準(zhun)確(que)標明產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)名稱、數(shu)量、產(chan)(chan)地(di)、包裝(zhuang)日期(qi)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)單(dan)位(wei)、執行(xing)(xing)標準(zhun)代號(hao)和(he)(he)儲(chu)運注意(yi)事項等(deng)內容(rong)(rong)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)品(pin)(pin)應大(da)(da)小一(yi)致(zhi)、排(pai)列(lie)整(zheng)齊。貯藏(zang)與(yu)運輸采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)冷鏈貯藏(zang)與(yu)運輸。