鄱(po)陽大米外(wai)觀(guan)晶瑩剔透,具有(you)光澤,米粒長柱形(xing);米飯潔白香醇、爽滑、有(you)嚼勁,適口性好,冷卻后不回生。
鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)保護區域地處(chu)鄱陽(yang)湖(hu)平(ping)原,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤以水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮(chao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)主(zhu),富(fu)含有(you)機質(zhi),養分充(chong)足;土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤土(tu)(tu)(tu)層深厚,蓄水能力強(qiang),pH值5.8-6.5之間(jian),耕性良好。鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)保護區域屬典型(xing)的中亞(ya)熱帶季(ji)風氣候區,四(si)季(ji)分明,熱量(liang)(liang)(liang)豐富(fu),雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)充(chong)沛,水資源豐富(fu),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照數2098h,太陽(yang)輻射數為(wei)115千卡/平(ping)方(fang)厘米(mi),平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)17.5℃,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)1620mm,全年(nian)(nian)無霜期275d,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)相對濕度(du)77%。9月平(ping)均(jun)溫(wen)度(du)25.6℃,晝夜溫(wen)差(cha)達10℃,雨量(liang)(liang)(liang)中等,有(you)利(li)于一(yi)季(ji)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)的灌漿結實,促進稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米(mi)香味物質(zhi)含量(liang)(liang)(liang)的提高和減少稻(dao)(dao)(dao)米(mi)堊(e)白(bai)的形成(cheng)。獨特的自然生態條(tiao)件十分適宜優質(zhi)水稻(dao)(dao)(dao)的生長。
鄱(po)陽大米保護區域(yu)位于江西省鄱(po)陽縣,包括謝家灘鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石(shi)門街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、油墩街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、田畈(fan)街(jie)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、金盤嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、凰(huang)崗(gang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、雙港鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、古縣渡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、饒豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、樂豐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、響水(shui)灘鄉(xiang)(xiang)、枧田街(jie)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、柘港鄉(xiang)(xiang)、鴉鵲(que)湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、游城鄉(xiang)(xiang)、三廟前鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蓮湖(hu)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、蘆田鄉(xiang)(xiang)18個(ge)鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)401個(ge)行(xing)政村(cun);保護范圍位于東經116°35′37″-117°00′03″,北緯28°48′30″-29°36′35″之(zhi)間。保護規模(mo)為66000公頃(qing),年產量514000噸。
(1)外在(zai)(zai)感觀特征:鄱陽(yang)大米外觀晶瑩(ying)剔透,具有(you)(you)光澤,米粒長柱(zhu)形;米飯潔白香(xiang)醇、爽滑、有(you)(you)嚼(jiao)勁,適口性好,冷卻后不回生。(2)內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質(zhi)指標:堊白粒率≤10%,直鏈淀(dian)粉(fen)含(han)量(liang)15%-22%,膠稠度≥80mm,粒型長寬比3.0-4.0,蛋(dan)白質(zhi)含(han)量(liang)≥6%。(3)質(zhi)量(liang)安全(quan)要求:鄱陽(yang)大米符合NY/T419《綠色食品(pin) 稻(dao)米》標準。
(1)產地要求:選擇鄱陽湖平原(yuan)區土層深厚(hou)、地勢平坦、排灌方便、集(ji)中連片的稻田進行種植,土壤pH以6.0-6.5為佳。
(2)品(pin)種選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)用黃(huang)華占(zhan)、贛晚秈38號作為主要種植品(pin)種。
(3)生(sheng)產管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):①生(sheng)育(yu)進(jin)程安排及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子處理(li)(li):為(wei)了保證(zheng)(zheng)大米(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)良好(hao)(hao)(hao)品質,鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)主要作為(wei)中(zhong)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),根(gen)(gen)據(ju)鄱陽(yang)湖區的(de)(de)氣候(hou)特(te)點,每(mei)年(nian)(nian)安排在4月(yue)下旬至5月(yue)上旬播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),8月(yue)下旬抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花,9月(yue)灌漿結(jie)實(shi),10月(yue)上旬收(shou)(shou)獲,全(quan)生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)160-165d。播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)(qian)做好(hao)(hao)(hao)選種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)(deng)工作,并選用(yong)(yong)(yong)咪鮮胺等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子消毒,嚴防種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)傳病(bing)(bing)(bing)害。②播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)和栽培密度控(kong)制:為(wei)了保證(zheng)(zheng)獲得較高的(de)(de)產量(liang)和減(jian)少施肥(fei)(fei)量(liang)從(cong)而(er)促(cu)進(jin)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)米(mi)(mi)品質的(de)(de)提(ti)高,鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)大田(tian)(tian)畝(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)控(kong)制在1.5-2.0公(gong)(gong)斤/畝(mu)(mu),采用(yong)(yong)(yong)機(ji)插(cha)或(huo)拋(pao)(pao)秧(yang)方(fang)式(shi)進(jin)行種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),機(ji)插(cha)秧(yang)齡控(kong)制在25天(tian)以(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei),栽插(cha)規(gui)格(ge)5寸×7寸,每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)插(cha)1.7-1.8萬(wan)蔸(dou),每(mei)蔸(dou)栽3-4根(gen)(gen)秧(yang)苗;拋(pao)(pao)栽秧(yang)齡控(kong)制在28d以(yi)(yi)內(nei)(nei),每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)拋(pao)(pao)足1.8-2.0萬(wan)蔸(dou),每(mei)蔸(dou)3根(gen)(gen)秧(yang)苗。③肥(fei)(fei)料運(yun)籌(chou):一(yi)般地(di)(di)力田(tian)(tian)塊畝(mu)(mu)施氮、磷(lin)、鉀的(de)(de)量(liang)分別為(wei)12-13公(gong)(gong)斤、6-7公(gong)(gong)斤和12-13公(gong)(gong)斤。堅(jian)持(chi)有機(ji)無機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)配施,冬季種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)紅花草(cao),于(yu)盛花期(qi)耕翻還田(tian)(tian),按(an)照每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)每(mei)1000公(gong)(gong)斤紅花草(cao)鮮草(cao)減(jian)氮2公(gong)(gong)斤的(de)(de)比例確定化肥(fei)(fei)施用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)。其中(zhong)氮肥(fei)(fei)按(an)基肥(fei)(fei):分蘗肥(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei):粒肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)4:2:2:2施肥(fei)(fei),基肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)整地(di)(di)前(qian)(qian)(qian)或(huo)整地(di)(di)時(shi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong),分蘗肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)移(yi)栽后(hou)5-7d施用(yong)(yong)(yong),穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong),粒肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)齊穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)施用(yong)(yong)(yong);磷(lin)肥(fei)(fei)作底(di)肥(fei)(fei)于(yu)整耕時(shi)一(yi)次性施用(yong)(yong)(yong);鉀肥(fei)(fei)按(an)基肥(fei)(fei):穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)6:4施用(yong)(yong)(yong)。④水(shui)(shui)(shui)分管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li)做到薄(bo)水(shui)(shui)(shui)返青,濕潤分蘗,達(da)到15-16萬(wan)莖蘗數(shu)/畝(mu)(mu)時(shi)曬田(tian)(tian),幼穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)分花期(qi)和抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)揚花期(qi)保持(chi)田(tian)(tian)間淺水(shui)(shui)(shui),抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)后(hou)干(gan)干(gan)濕濕壯籽,收(shou)(shou)獲前(qian)(qian)(qian)7天(tian)斷水(shui)(shui)(shui)。⑤病(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲草(cao)害防治(zhi)(zhi)控(kong)制:堅(jian)持(chi)“預防為(wei)主、綜(zong)合防治(zhi)(zhi)”的(de)(de)原則,做好(hao)(hao)(hao)農業(ye)防治(zhi)(zhi)、物(wu)理(li)(li)防治(zhi)(zhi)和生(sheng)物(wu)防治(zhi)(zhi)。在做好(hao)(hao)(hao)農業(ye)防治(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)基礎上綜(zong)合采用(yong)(yong)(yong)香(xiang)根(gen)(gen)草(cao)誘螟、性誘劑(ji)誘蟲、頻(pin)振(zhen)燈(deng)殺蟲等(deng)(deng)技術(shu)措施防治(zhi)(zhi)害蟲。頻(pin)振(zhen)燈(deng)按(an)每(mei)盞(zhan)燈(deng)覆蓋面積(ji)15畝(mu)(mu)計(ji),燈(deng)與燈(deng)之間的(de)(de)距離為(wei)100米(mi)(mi)。大田(tian)(tian)主要搞好(hao)(hao)(hao)“三(san)(san)蟲三(san)(san)病(bing)(bing)(bing)”的(de)(de)防治(zhi)(zhi),即:分蘗盛期(qi)和抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)的(de)(de)二化螟,分蘗期(qi)至孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟,抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)灌漿期(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱,破口抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)初期(qi)的(de)(de)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing),孕(yun)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)至抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)期(qi)的(de)(de)紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)以(yi)(yi)及稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)(bing)。二化螟和稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)縱卷葉螟可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)2%阿(a)維菌素(su),或(huo)10%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)騰(teng)進(jin)行防治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)飛虱可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)70%吡蟲啉水(shui)(shui)(shui)分散(san)粒劑(ji)或(huo)25%吡蚜酮可(ke)濕性粉劑(ji)等(deng)(deng)進(jin)行防治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)春雷霉(mei)(mei)(mei)素(su)、三(san)(san)環(huan)唑、稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈、瘟(wen)(wen)畢克(40%稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)靈與異稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)瘟(wen)(wen)凈乳油(you))等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)行防治(zhi)(zhi);紋枯病(bing)(bing)(bing)可(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)素(su)、井·蠟(la)芽(井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)素(su)與蠟(la)質芽孢桿菌混(hun)劑(ji))等(deng)(deng)藥劑(ji)進(jin)行防治(zhi)(zhi);稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)曲病(bing)(bing)(bing)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)前(qian)(qian)(qian)5-7d,每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)12.5%紋霉(mei)(mei)(mei)清水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)400-500毫(hao)升(sheng),或(huo)5%井岡(gang)霉(mei)(mei)(mei)素(su)水(shui)(shui)(shui)劑(ji)400-500毫(hao)升(sheng),對水(shui)(shui)(shui)50公(gong)(gong)斤噴霧。⑥生(sheng)產記(ji)錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)(an)管(guan)(guan)理(li)(li):水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)產的(de)(de)過程進(jin)行全(quan)程記(ji)載,主要包括播種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、移(yi)栽和收(shou)(shou)獲時(shi)間,水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)出苗、分蘗、分化、抽(chou)穗(sui)(sui)(sui)(sui)、成熟等(deng)(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)稻(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)育(yu)進(jin)程,農業(ye)投入品的(de)(de)名稱、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)時(shi)間、次數(shu)、用(yong)(yong)(yong)量(liang)、使用(yong)(yong)(yong)方(fang)法、收(shou)(shou)獲日(ri)期(qi)等(deng)(deng),檔(dang)案(an)(an)專(zhuan)人記(ji)錄(lu)、專(zhuan)人保管(guan)(guan),記(ji)錄(lu)檔(dang)案(an)(an)保管(guan)(guan)3年(nian)(nian)以(yi)(yi)上。
(4)產后處理:鄱陽(yang)大(da)米收獲在(zai)(zai)穗黃、葉落、成(cheng)熟度達到(dao)85%-90%時(shi)(shi)進行(xing);要求不同品(pin)(pin)種單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)收割、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)晾曬(shai)(shai)(烘(hong)干(gan))、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)儲運、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)加(jia)工、單(dan)(dan)獨(du)(du)包裝(zhuang);嚴禁瀝青路面翻曬(shai)(shai),盡可能使用烘(hong)干(gan)機烘(hong)干(gan);商(shang)品(pin)(pin)糧(liang)即時(shi)(shi)售賣,企業精選加(jia)工;貯藏在(zai)(zai)避光、常溫、防潮、防鼠的倉庫;實行(xing)秸稈還(huan)田。
(1)符合下列條件的(de)單位和(he)(he)個人,可以向登(deng)記(ji)證書持有(you)人申(shen)請使(shi)用農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志:①生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)的(de)鄱陽(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)米產(chan)自登(deng)記(ji)確定的(de)地(di)域范圍; ②已取得鄱陽(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)米生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)資質;③能夠(gou)嚴格按照(zhao)規(gui)定的(de)質量技術規(gui)范組織開展生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)活動;④具有(you)鄱陽(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)米地(di)理(li)標志農產(chan)品(pin)市場開發經(jing)營(ying)能力。使(shi)用鄱陽(yang)(yang)大(da)(da)米農產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志,應(ying)當按照(zhao)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)經(jing)營(ying)年度與登(deng)記(ji)證書持有(you)人簽訂使(shi)用協議,在協議中載明使(shi)用數(shu)量、范圍和(he)(he)相(xiang)關責任義務。
(2)農產(chan)品(pin)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)使用人享有以下權利:①可以在產(chan)品(pin)及包裝上使用鄱(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(鄱(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米(mi)名稱和公共標(biao)(biao)識圖案(an)組合(he)標(biao)(biao)注等(deng)); ②可以使用登(deng)記(ji)的鄱(po)陽(yang)(yang)大米(mi)地理(li)標(biao)(biao)志(zhi),進行產(chan)品(pin)宣(xuan)傳(chuan)和參加展(zhan)覽、展(zhan)示及展(zhan)銷。
(3)鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)使用人應當履行以下義務(wu):①自覺接受登(deng)記證(zheng)書持有人的監督(du)檢查(cha);②保證(zheng)鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)農產品品質和(he)信譽(yu); ③正確規范地使用鄱陽(yang)大米(mi)(mi)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)。
(4)鄱陽(yang)大米地理標(biao)志生產經營者(zhe)應當(dang)建立質量(liang)控制追(zhui)溯體(ti)系,農產品地理標(biao)志持有人和(he)標(biao)志使用人對鄱陽(yang)大米產品的質量(liang)和(he)信譽負責;
(5)任(ren)何(he)單位和個人不準(zhun)偽(wei)造(zao)、冒用鄱陽(yang)大米地理(li)標志和登記證書;
(6)鼓勵單位(wei)和個(ge)人對鄱陽大(da)米地(di)理標志進行(xing)社會監督。