五里界界豆鮮品外觀為水滴(di)形,顆粒(li)飽(bao)滿,口(kou)感質(zhi)地脆嫩(nen),富含(han)粘液,淡辛香味。成熟的籽粒(li)呈米黃色,種(zhong)臍黃褐色,臍眼(yan)有黃色裂痕;外形為橢圓(yuan)形,種(zhong)皮光(guang)滑;籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿、粒(li)小(xiao),百粒(li)重12~13克。特別適宜各類加工。
五里界(jie)界(jie)豆的(de)生產地(di)域范圍為(wei)湖(hu)北省(sheng)武漢市江夏區(qu)所轄(xia)的(de)五里界(jie)街錦繡村、毛家畈村、李家店村、東湖(hu)街村、群益村、孫家店村、唐(tang)涂(tu)村、童(tong)周嶺村8個(ge)村,地(di)理坐標為(wei)東經114°27′~114°33′,北緯30°01′~30°13′。總(zong)種植面積100公頃,年總(zong)產量200噸。
(1)外(wai)(wai)在感(gan)(gan)觀特(te)征 界豆鮮品(pin)外(wai)(wai)觀為水滴形(xing),顆粒(li)飽(bao)滿,口感(gan)(gan)質(zhi)地脆嫩,富含粘液,淡辛香(xiang)味。成(cheng)熟的籽粒(li)呈米(mi)黃色,種臍黃褐色,臍眼(yan)有(you)黃色裂痕;外(wai)(wai)形(xing)為橢圓(yuan)形(xing),種皮光滑;籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿、粒(li)小,百粒(li)重12~13克。特(te)別適宜各類(lei)加工。
(2)內在品質指標 五(wu)里界界豆,營養(yang)豐(feng)富(fu),蛋白(bai)質≥39%,脂肪(fang)≥12%,粗纖維≤11%。
(3)安全要(yao)求 界豆符(fu)合《大豆》(GB 1352)、《農藥安全使用(yong)(yong)規(gui)范 總則》(NY/T 1276)和《肥(fei)料(liao)合理使用(yong)(yong)準則》(NY/T 496)的有關規(gui)定。界豆執行《無公害農產品生產質量安全控制技術(shu)規(gui)范》(NY/T 2798.2)標準。
(一)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)地(di)貌情況(kuang) 江夏區(qu)境屬江漢(han)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)向(xiang)鄂南(nan)丘(qiu)陵過渡地(di)段,地(di)形特征是(shi)中部(bu)高,西靠長江,東(dong)向(xiang)湖區(qu)緩斜。區(qu)境為(wei)我國紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)北部(bu)邊(bian)緣,又是(shi)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)南(nan)緣,濱江抱湖的(de)(de)地(di)理位置有(you)潮土(tu)分(fen)(fen)布(bu)。北部(bu)垅崗平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)黃(huang)棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)和潮土(tu)為(wei)主,中部(bu)低(di)丘(qiu)垅崗平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)皆為(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang),南(nan)部(bu)垅崗平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)區(qu)集中分(fen)(fen)布(bu),西部(bu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)潮土(tu)為(wei)主。五里界界豆(dou)生產地(di)域范圍土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)以(yi)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)主,pH 6.6~7.5,有(you)機質、堿解氮、速效磷及速效鉀平(ping)(ping)(ping)均含量分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)23.41g/kg、106.40mg/kg、15.00mg/kg以(yi)及117.90mg/kg,這(zhe)種無(wu)任何污染的(de)(de)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),能滿足(zu)界豆(dou)生長所需的(de)(de)基本土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)養分(fen)(fen),為(wei)界豆(dou)特有(you)品質的(de)(de)形成提(ti)供了(le)保障(zhang)。
(二)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況 江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)夏區(qu)(qu)西(xi)臨(lin)長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),東(dong)北、西(xi)南三(san)面(mian)臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu),間以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫塘(tang)堰(yan),形成(cheng)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)環抱(bao)之(zhi)勢。由(you)(you)于地勢南北狹長(chang)(chang)(chang)而東(dong)西(xi)傾斜,境內水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系呈離心(xin)扇形,按自(zi)然出江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口劃分:金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出金(jin)口入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),梁子(zi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出樊口閘,湯遜湖(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出武(wu)泰閘。較(jiao)(jiao)大江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河有長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)和(he)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河,長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)流(liu)(liu)經區(qu)(qu)境段長(chang)(chang)(chang)31.5公里,金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu)境流(liu)(liu)程42公里,在(zai)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)有:西(xi)涼湖(hu)(hu)(hu)、斧頭湖(hu)(hu)(hu)系,由(you)(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組(zu)成(cheng),與金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河相通;梁子(zi)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)系由(you)(you)3個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組(zu)成(cheng),與長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)相連(lian);湯遜湖(hu)(hu)(hu)系由(you)(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)組(zu)成(cheng),積(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)由(you)(you)海口閘、陳山(shan)頭閘和(he)武(wu)泰閘流(liu)(liu)入長(chang)(chang)(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。區(qu)(qu)境江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)河、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)(bo)、河灘、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)灘、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫等水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)達6.467萬公頃,占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)版圖面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)三(san)分之(zhi)一(yi)。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)可養水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)3.84萬公頃,是武(wu)漢市水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積(ji)(ji)最大的(de)(de)(de)區(qu)(qu),無污染的(de)(de)(de)清潔水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),保障了界(jie)豆生長(chang)(chang)(chang)所需的(de)(de)(de)優(you)質灌(guan)溉(gai)用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。
(三(san))氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian) 江夏區屬中亞熱帶(dai)向北亞熱帶(dai)過渡(du)的(de)濕潤季(ji)風(feng)氣候(hou)。年(nian)平均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)介于15.9~17.9℃之(zhi)間,歷年(nian)平均(jun)值(zhi)為16.8℃。年(nian)總降(jiang)水(shui)量889.2~1862.6mm,歷年(nian)平均(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量為1347.7mm。日照時(shi)數為1450~2050h。溫(wen)(wen)暖濕潤、四(si)季(ji)分(fen)明,亞熱帶(dai)大陸季(ji)風(feng)氣候(hou)特征十分(fen)明顯。完全符合界(jie)豆生長(chang)發育所需的(de)溫(wen)(wen)、光、氣等氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)。但不同(tong)年(nian)型的(de)光、熱、水(shui)年(nian)季(ji)分(fen)布(bu)振幅較大,常形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)旱澇災害、低溫(wen)(wen)、陰(yin)雨寡(gua)照,對農業生產造成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)定危(wei)害。
(一(yi))產(chan)(chan)地(di)選擇與特色(se)內容規定(ding) 五里界(jie)(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)(jie)豆產(chan)(chan)于江(jiang)夏(xia)區五里界(jie)(jie)(jie)街孫家(jia)店村、童周(zhou)村等8個村。五里界(jie)(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)(jie)豆產(chan)(chan)地(di)資源條件優越,光照充足(zu),降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)充沛,湖泊(bo)縱橫,水(shui)(shui)資源十分豐(feng)富(fu),具(ju)有良好的(de)自(zi)然環(huan)境和生態(tai)條件。產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)繞梁子湖,在其特有的(de)地(di)理環(huan)境和特殊的(de)土質(zhi)環(huan)境、潔凈的(de)空氣、清(qing)澈的(de)灌溉水(shui)(shui)及耕作制度(du)均符合《無公害食品(pin)產(chan)(chan)地(di)環(huan)境評價(jia)準則》(NY/T 5295)的(de)規定(ding)。產(chan)(chan)地(di)水(shui)(shui)源充足(zu)、地(di)勢(shi)平緩、排灌便利及保(bao)水(shui)(shui)性(xing)好,種植戶種界(jie)(jie)(jie)豆經驗豐(feng)富(fu)。
(二)品(pin)種(zhong)選擇與特定(ding)要(yao)求 五里(li)界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆為五里(li)界(jie)(jie)主要(yao)農作物之(zhi)一,其(qi)因歷(li)史(shi)的種(zhong)植悠久(1000年以上),通過(guo)歷(li)代本地農民的嚴格挑選留(liu)種(zhong),保留(liu)下來(lai)“六(liu)月爆”這個(ge)地方品(pin)種(zhong),其(qi)產品(pin)外形整齊(qi)美(mei)觀,在(zai)豐產性(xing)、營養(yang)性(xing)和商品(pin)性(xing)等方面優于外來(lai)品(pin)種(zhong)。
(三)生(sheng)(sheng)產過程管理 1、五(wu)(wu)里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)種植(zhi)(zhi) (1)環(huan)境選(xuan)擇 五(wu)(wu)里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)的(de)適應性(xing)廣(guang),種植(zhi)(zhi)區(qu)域全(quan)年(nian)氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)溫和,雨量充足,四季分明,小氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou)優質明顯,平均(jun)氣(qi)溫16℃,最(zui)高氣(qi)溫38℃,年(nian)降水量1200毫米左(zuo)右(you),無(wu)霜期260天(tian)左(zuo)右(you),屬(shu)丘陵亞熱帶氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)(hou),土(tu)壤(rang)有(you)機質含量比周圍高1.2倍,速效鉀高1倍,含鋅高2.9倍,含鎂(mei)高1.7倍栽培(pei),較適合種植(zhi)(zhi)界(jie)豆(dou)。當地農戶有(you)豐富的(de)種植(zhi)(zhi)經(jing)驗,能(neng)夠根據界(jie)豆(dou)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)特(te)點做好田間管理,促進(jin)界(jie)豆(dou)生(sheng)(sheng)產。
(2)空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質量 五(wu)里界界豆基地的環境空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質量,符(fu)合國家《環境空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)質量標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)》(GB 3095)中規定的標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)要求。
(3)用(yong)水質量 基(ji)地灌溉(gai)(gai)用(yong)水無污染,符合《農田灌溉(gai)(gai)水質標準》(GB 5084)。
(4)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang) 應(ying)選用未(wei)種(zhong)過界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)及其他(ta)蠶(can)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)類的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊。界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)適于(yu)肥沃土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)栽培(pei),但以(yi)排(pai)水良好(hao)的(de)(de)疏松壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu),pH值6.5~7.5中性(xing)砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)為佳;界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)吸肥力強(qiang),在砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)中產量(liang)(liang)最高,品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)最好(hao);適于(yu)間、套作,忌連作。可(ke)在旱地(di)(di)玉米(mi)、馬鈴薯(shu)、西瓜、芝麻、大豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)、花(hua)生后茬種(zhong)或與水稻輪作,最好(hao)每年換地(di)(di)輪作。產地(di)(di)農戶在長期生產實踐中,已(yi)形成了(le)輪作換茬種(zhong)植(zhi)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)(de)習慣。基地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)符合(he)《土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)環境質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang) 農用地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)污染風險管控標(biao)準(試(shi)行)》(GB 15618)。
(5)五里界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的(de)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi) 選(xuan)擇(ze)本(ben)地(di)(di)春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):六月爆。武昌六月爆,系江夏區(原(yuan)武昌縣)春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)地(di)(di)方品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適(shi)應(ying)強(qiang)(qiang),早(zao)熟(shu)豐產,品(pin)(pin)質好(hao)(hao)(hao),有限結(jie)莢(jia),株高(gao)75㎝左右,葉(xie)(xie)(xie)橢圓形,紫花,茸(rong)毛,黑色(se)。籽(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)呈橢圓形,黃色(se),百粒(li)(li)(li)重(zhong)12~13克(ke),全生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)100~110天。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)擇(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)是大(da)小適(shi)中(zhong),符合本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)征的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),應(ying)剔除病(bing)斑粒(li)(li)(li)、蟲(chong)食粒(li)(li)(li)、雜質,為品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)證提供保(bao)(bao)障。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li):將豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置于太陽下(xia)暴曬(shai)1~2天,以(yi)咬脆裂為適(shi)度(du),之(zhi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)是用(yong)(yong)鉬肥(fei)(fei)2克(ke)溶入(ru)少(shao)許(xu)熱水(shui),冷(leng)卻(que)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)與1公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)充分(fen)拌勻(yun),提高(gao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發芽勢和發芽率(lv)。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)先深耕(geng)20~24㎝,土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)疏松(song),結(jie)構良好(hao)(hao)(hao),保(bao)(bao)肥(fei)(fei)保(bao)(bao)水(shui)力強(qiang)(qiang),通氣性好(hao)(hao)(hao),整(zheng)細耙平,深翻曬(shai)壟,做(zuo)到(dao)田(tian)(tian)平土(tu)(tu)細,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)按2~3m寬開(kai)廂(xiang),并開(kai)好(hao)(hao)(hao)三溝,溝寬0.3m,廂(xiang)溝、腰溝、圍溝深度(du)依(yi)(yi)次(ci)為0.3m、0.4m、0.5m,做(zuo)到(dao)溝溝相通,以(yi)利(li)排水(shui)和抗旱。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)原(yuan)則:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)應(ying)以(yi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)為主(zhu),化(hua)肥(fei)(fei)為輔,多(duo)施(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei)。施(shi)基肥(fei)(fei):每667㎡基施(shi)農(nong)家肥(fei)(fei)1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)~1500公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),硫(liu)酸鉀型復(fu)合肥(fei)(fei)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。最(zui)適(shi)宜播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)為3月下(xia)旬至清(qing)明前(qian)。界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)穴播(bo),也有采用(yong)(yong)撒(sa)播(bo)、條(tiao)(tiao)播(bo),播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深度(du)2~5㎝,穴距15~27㎝,每穴3~5粒(li)(li)(li)。2、田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管理(li)(li) 界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)即開(kai)始田(tian)(tian)間(jian)管理(li)(li)。①查苗補缺(que):苗出(chu)齊(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)對(dui)缺(que)苗進(jin)(jin)行(xing)補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)(huo)補苗;②中(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao)(cao):界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)田(tian)(tian)多(duo)采用(yong)(yong)中(zhong)耕(geng)除草(cao)(cao),主(zhu)要(yao)三次(ci):第(di)一次(ci)剛出(chu)真(zhen)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi),淺中(zhong)耕(geng);第(di)二次(ci)3~4片(pian)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)時(shi)(shi)(shi),深中(zhong)耕(geng);第(di)三次(ci)分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)苗高(gao)23~27厘米時(shi)(shi)(shi),淺中(zhong)耕(geng),結(jie)合培土(tu)(tu);③灌(guan)溉與排漬:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐(nai)旱怕(pa)漬,平時(shi)(shi)(shi)根據生(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)水(shui)份(fen)要(yao)求進(jin)(jin)行(xing)灌(guan)溉;④化(hua)學調控(kong):為控(kong)制大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)陡長(chang),倒伏,減少(shao)落花落莢(jia),花前(qian)每畝(mu)(mu)15%多(duo)效(xiao)唑60克(ke)兌水(shui)50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)噴施(shi)。追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei):依(yi)(yi)據苗情施(shi)用(yong)(yong):第(di)一片(pian)復(fu)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)展開(kai)時(shi)(shi)(shi),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)適(shi)量氮磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei)(fei),每畝(mu)(mu)追(zhui)肥(fei)(fei)尿素3~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin),過磷(lin)(lin)酸鈣(gai)7~15公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin);分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)主(zhu)意追(zhui)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei);初花期(qi)(qi)一般每畝(mu)(mu)硫(liu)酸銨和過磷(lin)(lin)酸鈣(gai)7~10公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin);結(jie)莢(jia)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)根噴過磷(lin)(lin)酸鈣(gai)溶液(ye)40~70公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)。鼓粒(li)(li)(li)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)葉(xie)(xie)(xie)面噴肥(fei)(fei),一般用(yong)(yong)過磷(lin)(lin)酸鈣(gai)2%噴施(shi),每次(ci)40~50公(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu),也用(yong)(yong)0.05%鉬酸銨溶液(ye)噴施(shi)。3、病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)治(zhi) 平時(shi)(shi)(shi)加強(qiang)(qiang)田(tian)(tian)間(jian)觀察,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)。界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)以(yi)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)主(zhu),主(zhu)要(yao)有地(di)(di)下(xia)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)(蠐螬、地(di)(di)老(lao)虎)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)莢(jia)螟(ming)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)天蛾(e)等(deng)。農(nong)業防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi):(1)輪作換茬:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)可(ke)與水(shui)稻、油菜等(deng)作物(wu)(wu)輪作。(2)重(zhong)視留(liu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(3)防(fang)漬防(fang)澇,確(que)保(bao)(bao)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)健壯生(sheng)長(chang);合理(li)(li)配方施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),增施(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)(fei),提高(gao)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)抗病(bing)蟲(chong)能(neng)力;深翻整(zheng)地(di)(di)曬(shai)土(tu)(tu),及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)清(qing)除病(bing)殘(can)植(zhi)株;撒(sa)生(sheng)石(shi)灰(hui)調節酸堿度(du);有條(tiao)(tiao)件地(di)(di)方可(ke)灌(guan)水(shui)殺蟲(chong),減少(shao)越夏蟲(chong)源(yuan)。(4)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格檢疫,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)理(li)(li)。 化(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)措施(shi): (1)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)消(xiao)毒結(jie)合最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)一次(ci)撒(sa)底肥(fei)(fei),每667㎡用(yong)(yong)10%辛硫(liu)磷(lin)(lin)或(huo)(huo)3%好(hao)(hao)(hao)年冬顆粒(li)(li)(li)劑3~5㎏混施(shi)于豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)根周圍。(2)推(tui)廣使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)效(xiao)低毒低殘(can)留(liu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)防(fang)治(zhi)病(bing)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai),禁(jin)止使(shi)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)毒高(gao)殘(can)留(liu)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)。防(fang)治(zhi)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)可(ke)10%氯蟲(chong)苯甲酰(xian)胺懸浮劑等(deng)藥(yao)(yao)劑,注意輪換用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)(yao)。4、界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)制作工藝 (1)采收(shou) 大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)期(qi)(qi)為黃熟(shu)末(mo)期(qi)(qi)至完熟(shu)期(qi)(qi),趁早(zao)晨露水(shui)未干時(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)割,收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)堆(dui)放3--5天,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)帶莢(jia)暴曬(shai)至干脫粒(li)(li)(li)。(2)包(bao)(bao)裝 產品(pin)(pin)采收(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou),迅速就地(di)(di)按加工標準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)整(zheng)理(li)(li),挑選(xuan)出(chu)病(bing)、蟲(chong)蛀、癟(bie)小、機械損傷、青頭等(deng)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),按品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、規格分(fen)別做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)標簽、包(bao)(bao)裝,及(ji)(ji)(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)送(song)交加工單(dan)位。運輸工具要(yao)清(qing)潔、衛生(sheng)、無污染、無雜物(wu)(wu),包(bao)(bao)裝運輸過程中(zhong)應(ying)避免接(jie)觸污染物(wu)(wu)。保(bao)(bao)證存(cun)放界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)容器及(ji)(ji)(ji)環境的(de)衛生(sheng),觀察界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)顏色(se)變化(hua),杜絕出(chu)現白酶。
(四)生(sheng)產(chan)記(ji)錄要求 建(jian)立生(sheng)產(chan)檔(dang)案,對品(pin)種、肥料(liao)施用、病蟲害防(fang)治、采收和其它(ta)田間(jian)管理措施及產(chan)品(pin)去向等進行記(ji)載。生(sheng)產(chan)檔(dang)案應(ying)有專人專管,保(bao)存期不少于3年。