五(wu)里(li)界界豆鮮(xian)品外觀為(wei)水滴形,顆(ke)粒(li)飽(bao)滿,口(kou)感質地脆(cui)嫩,富(fu)含粘液,淡辛香味。成(cheng)熟的籽粒(li)呈米黃色,種(zhong)臍黃褐色,臍眼有黃色裂痕;外形為(wei)橢(tuo)圓形,種(zhong)皮光滑;籽粒(li)飽(bao)滿、粒(li)小,百粒(li)重12~13克。特別適宜各類(lei)加工(gong)。
五里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆的生產地域范圍(wei)為湖北省(sheng)武(wu)漢市江(jiang)夏區(qu)所轄(xia)的五里(li)界(jie)街錦繡村(cun)(cun)(cun)、毛家畈村(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家店村(cun)(cun)(cun)、東(dong)(dong)湖街村(cun)(cun)(cun)、群(qun)益(yi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)、孫家店村(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐涂村(cun)(cun)(cun)、童周嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)8個村(cun)(cun)(cun),地理坐標為東(dong)(dong)經114°27′~114°33′,北緯30°01′~30°13′。總(zong)種植面積100公(gong)頃(qing),年總(zong)產量200噸(dun)。
(1)外在(zai)感觀特(te)征 界豆(dou)鮮品外觀為水滴形(xing),顆粒(li)飽滿,口感質地脆嫩(nen),富含(han)粘液,淡辛(xin)香味。成(cheng)熟的籽粒(li)呈米黃色,種臍黃褐(he)色,臍眼有(you)黃色裂痕;外形(xing)為橢圓形(xing),種皮光滑;籽粒(li)飽滿、粒(li)小(xiao),百粒(li)重12~13克(ke)。特(te)別(bie)適(shi)宜各類加工(gong)。
(2)內在(zai)品質(zhi)指標 五里界界豆,營養(yang)豐富,蛋白(bai)質(zhi)≥39%,脂肪(fang)≥12%,粗纖維≤11%。
(3)安(an)全(quan)要求 界豆符合(he)(he)《大豆》(GB 1352)、《農(nong)藥安(an)全(quan)使(shi)用(yong)規(gui)范 總則》(NY/T 1276)和《肥料合(he)(he)理使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)則》(NY/T 496)的有(you)關規(gui)定。界豆執(zhi)行(xing)《無公害農(nong)產品生(sheng)產質量安(an)全(quan)控制技術規(gui)范》(NY/T 2798.2)標準(zhun)。
(一)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地貌情況 江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)夏區(qu)境(jing)屬江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)漢平原向(xiang)鄂(e)南丘陵過渡地段,地形特征是中(zhong)部(bu)高,西(xi)靠長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang),東向(xiang)湖區(qu)緩斜。區(qu)境(jing)為(wei)(wei)我國紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)的北部(bu)邊緣,又是黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)的南緣,濱江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)抱湖的地理位置有(you)(you)潮土(tu)分(fen)(fen)布。北部(bu)垅崗平原以黃棕(zong)壤(rang)(rang)和(he)潮土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主,中(zhong)部(bu)低丘垅崗平原皆為(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang),南部(bu)垅崗平原區(qu)集中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)布,西(xi)部(bu)平原以潮土(tu)為(wei)(wei)主。五(wu)里界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)生產地域范圍土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)以紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)主,pH 6.6~7.5,有(you)(you)機質(zhi)、堿解氮、速(su)效磷及速(su)效鉀平均含量分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)23.41g/kg、106.40mg/kg、15.00mg/kg以及117.90mg/kg,這種無任何污染的紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)土(tu),能(neng)滿足界(jie)豆(dou)生長(chang)所需的基本土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)養分(fen)(fen),為(wei)(wei)界(jie)豆(dou)特有(you)(you)品質(zhi)的形成提供了保障。
(二)水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況 江(jiang)夏區(qu)西(xi)臨(lin)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang),東(dong)(dong)北、西(xi)南三面(mian)(mian)臨(lin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),間以(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)塘堰,形成(cheng)江(jiang)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)環(huan)抱之勢。由(you)于(yu)地勢南北狹長(chang)(chang)而(er)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)傾斜,境(jing)(jing)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)呈離心扇形,按自然出(chu)(chu)江(jiang)口(kou)(kou)(kou)劃分:金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)金(jin)口(kou)(kou)(kou)入長(chang)(chang)江(jiang),梁(liang)子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)樊(fan)口(kou)(kou)(kou)閘(zha)(zha),湯遜(xun)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)武泰閘(zha)(zha)。較大江(jiang)河有(you)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)和金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河,長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)流(liu)經區(qu)境(jing)(jing)段長(chang)(chang)31.5公里,金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河的區(qu)境(jing)(jing)流(liu)程(cheng)42公里,在金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)入長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)。較大的湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)有(you):西(xi)涼湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)、斧(fu)頭(tou)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi),由(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組成(cheng),與(yu)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)河相通;梁(liang)子湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)由(you)3個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組成(cheng),與(yu)長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)相連;湯遜(xun)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)系(xi)由(you)5個湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)組成(cheng),積(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)由(you)海(hai)口(kou)(kou)(kou)閘(zha)(zha)、陳(chen)山頭(tou)閘(zha)(zha)和武泰閘(zha)(zha)流(liu)入長(chang)(chang)江(jiang)。區(qu)境(jing)(jing)江(jiang)河、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)泊(bo)、河灘、湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)灘、水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達(da)6.467萬公頃,占全區(qu)版圖(tu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)的三分之一。全區(qu)可養水(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)(mian)3.84萬公頃,是武漢(han)市水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)最大的區(qu),無(wu)污(wu)染的清潔(jie)水(shui)(shui)(shui)源,保障了界豆生長(chang)(chang)所需的優質灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)。
(三)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件 江夏區屬(shu)中亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)向北亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)過渡(du)的(de)濕(shi)潤季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候。年(nian)(nian)平均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)介于15.9~17.9℃之(zhi)間,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)平均值為16.8℃。年(nian)(nian)總降水量889.2~1862.6mm,歷(li)年(nian)(nian)平均降水量為1347.7mm。日照(zhao)時(shi)數為1450~2050h。溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤、四季分(fen)明,亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)(dai)(dai)大陸季風氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特征十分(fen)明顯。完全符(fu)合界豆生長發(fa)育所需的(de)溫(wen)、光(guang)、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件。但不(bu)同年(nian)(nian)型的(de)光(guang)、熱(re)、水年(nian)(nian)季分(fen)布振幅較大,常形成(cheng)旱(han)澇(lao)災(zai)害(hai)、低溫(wen)、陰雨寡照(zhao),對農業生產造(zao)成(cheng)一定危害(hai)。
(一)產地(di)(di)(di)(di)選擇與特(te)(te)色內容規定(ding) 五里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆產于江夏區(qu)五里(li)界(jie)街(jie)孫家店村、童周村等8個村。五里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆產地(di)(di)(di)(di)資(zi)源條(tiao)件優越,光照充(chong)足,降水(shui)充(chong)沛,湖泊縱橫(heng),水(shui)資(zi)源十分豐(feng)富(fu),具有良好的(de)(de)自然環(huan)境和生態條(tiao)件。產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)繞梁(liang)子湖,在其特(te)(te)有的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理環(huan)境和特(te)(te)殊的(de)(de)土(tu)質環(huan)境、潔(jie)凈(jing)的(de)(de)空(kong)氣(qi)、清(qing)澈的(de)(de)灌(guan)溉水(shui)及耕作(zuo)制度均符合(he)《無公(gong)害食品產地(di)(di)(di)(di)環(huan)境評價準則》(NY/T 5295)的(de)(de)規定(ding)。產地(di)(di)(di)(di)水(shui)源充(chong)足、地(di)(di)(di)(di)勢平緩、排灌(guan)便(bian)利(li)及保水(shui)性好,種(zhong)植戶種(zhong)界(jie)豆經驗豐(feng)富(fu)。
(二)品(pin)(pin)種選擇與特定要(yao)(yao)求 五里(li)界界豆為(wei)五里(li)界主要(yao)(yao)農作物之(zhi)一,其因歷(li)史的種植悠(you)久(1000年以(yi)上(shang)),通過歷(li)代本地(di)農民的嚴(yan)格挑選留(liu)種,保留(liu)下來“六(liu)月爆”這(zhe)個地(di)方品(pin)(pin)種,其產(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)外(wai)形(xing)整(zheng)齊(qi)美觀,在(zai)豐產(chan)(chan)性、營養性和(he)商品(pin)(pin)性等方面(mian)優于外(wai)來品(pin)(pin)種。
(三(san))生產(chan)過程管(guan)理 1、五(wu)里(li)(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆種(zhong)植 (1)環境選擇 五(wu)里(li)(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆的(de)適應性廣(guang),種(zhong)植區域全年氣候溫和,雨(yu)量充足,四季分明,小氣候優(you)質明顯,平均氣溫16℃,最高(gao)(gao)氣溫38℃,年降水量1200毫米左右,無霜期(qi)260天左右,屬丘陵(ling)亞熱帶氣候,土(tu)壤有機質含(han)(han)量比周圍高(gao)(gao)1.2倍(bei),速效鉀(jia)高(gao)(gao)1倍(bei),含(han)(han)鋅高(gao)(gao)2.9倍(bei),含(han)(han)鎂高(gao)(gao)1.7倍(bei)栽培(pei),較適合種(zhong)植界(jie)豆。當地(di)農戶有豐富的(de)種(zhong)植經(jing)驗,能夠(gou)根據界(jie)豆的(de)生育(yu)特(te)點(dian)做好(hao)田(tian)間管(guan)理,促(cu)進界(jie)豆生產(chan)。
(2)空氣(qi)質量 五里界(jie)界(jie)豆基地的環(huan)境(jing)空氣(qi)質量,符(fu)合國家(jia)《環(huan)境(jing)空氣(qi)質量標準》(GB 3095)中(zhong)規定的標準要求。
(3)用水質(zhi)量 基(ji)地灌溉用水無污染,符合《農田灌溉水質(zhi)標準》(GB 5084)。
(4)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質量 應選用未種過界豆(dou)及其他蠶(can)豆(dou)類的地(di)(di)塊。界豆(dou)適(shi)于肥沃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)栽培,但以排(pai)水良好的疏松壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),pH值6.5~7.5中(zhong)性砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)為(wei)佳;界豆(dou)吸肥力強,在砂(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)中(zhong)產量最高,品質最好;適(shi)于間、套作(zuo),忌連作(zuo)。可在旱地(di)(di)玉米、馬鈴薯、西瓜(gua)、芝麻、大豆(dou)、花生(sheng)后茬種或與(yu)水稻(dao)輪作(zuo),最好每年換地(di)(di)輪作(zuo)。產地(di)(di)農(nong)戶在長期生(sheng)產實踐中(zhong),已形成了輪作(zuo)換茬種植界豆(dou)的習(xi)慣。基地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質量符合《土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)環境質量 農(nong)用地(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)污染風險管(guan)控標(biao)準(試行)》(GB 15618)。
(5)五(wu)里界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)的品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)本(ben)地(di)春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):六(liu)(liu)月爆。武(wu)昌六(liu)(liu)月爆,系江夏區(原武(wu)昌縣)春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)地(di)方(fang)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適(shi)應(ying)(ying)(ying)強,早熟豐產,品(pin)(pin)質好(hao)(hao)(hao),有(you)(you)限結莢(jia),株(zhu)高75㎝左右,葉(xie)橢圓形,紫(zi)花(hua),茸毛,黑色(se)。籽粒(li)呈橢圓形,黃(huang)色(se),百粒(li)重12~13克(ke),全(quan)生育(yu)期(qi)(qi)100~110天(tian)(tian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze):選(xuan)擇(ze)(ze)的是大(da)小適(shi)中(zhong),符合(he)本(ben)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特(te)征的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi),應(ying)(ying)(ying)剔除病(bing)(bing)斑粒(li)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)食粒(li)、雜(za)質,為(wei)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的保(bao)(bao)(bao)證提(ti)供保(bao)(bao)(bao)障。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處理(li):將豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置于太陽下(xia)(xia)暴曬1~2天(tian)(tian),以(yi)咬脆裂為(wei)適(shi)度(du),之后(hou)(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)處理(li)是用(yong)鉬(mu)(mu)肥(fei)2克(ke)溶(rong)入(ru)少(shao)許熱(re)水(shui)(shui),冷卻后(hou)(hou)(hou)與(yu)1公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)充分(fen)拌勻,提(ti)高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)(zi)(zi)發芽勢和發芽率(lv)。播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前(qian)(qian)先(xian)深(shen)(shen)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)20~24㎝,土(tu)壤(rang)疏松,結構良好(hao)(hao)(hao),保(bao)(bao)(bao)肥(fei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)力強,通(tong)氣性好(hao)(hao)(hao),整(zheng)細耙平(ping),深(shen)(shen)翻曬壟,做(zuo)到田平(ping)土(tu)細,然后(hou)(hou)(hou)按2~3m寬開廂(xiang),并開好(hao)(hao)(hao)三溝(gou)(gou),溝(gou)(gou)寬0.3m,廂(xiang)溝(gou)(gou)、腰溝(gou)(gou)、圍(wei)溝(gou)(gou)深(shen)(shen)度(du)依次(ci)(ci)為(wei)0.3m、0.4m、0.5m,做(zuo)到溝(gou)(gou)溝(gou)(gou)相通(tong),以(yi)利排(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)和抗旱。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)原則:界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)應(ying)(ying)(ying)以(yi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)為(wei)主(zhu),化(hua)肥(fei)為(wei)輔,多(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei):每(mei)667㎡基施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)家肥(fei)1000公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)~1500公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)鉀型復(fu)合(he)肥(fei)20公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。最適(shi)宜播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)3月下(xia)(xia)旬至清明前(qian)(qian)。界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)多(duo)采用(yong)穴(xue)播(bo)(bo)(bo),也(ye)有(you)(you)采用(yong)撒(sa)播(bo)(bo)(bo)、條播(bo)(bo)(bo),播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深(shen)(shen)度(du)2~5㎝,穴(xue)距15~27㎝,每(mei)穴(xue)3~5粒(li)。2、田間(jian)管(guan)理(li) 界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)播(bo)(bo)(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)(hou)即(ji)開始田間(jian)管(guan)理(li)。①查苗(miao)(miao)補缺(que):苗(miao)(miao)出(chu)齊(qi)后(hou)(hou)(hou)對缺(que)苗(miao)(miao)進(jin)(jin)行補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或補苗(miao)(miao);②中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)除草:界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)田多(duo)采用(yong)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng)除草,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)三次(ci)(ci):第(di)一次(ci)(ci)剛出(chu)真(zhen)葉(xie)時(shi),淺(qian)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng);第(di)二次(ci)(ci)3~4片葉(xie)時(shi),深(shen)(shen)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng);第(di)三次(ci)(ci)分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)苗(miao)(miao)高23~27厘米時(shi),淺(qian)中(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)(geng),結合(he)培(pei)土(tu);③灌溉(gai)與(yu)排(pai)(pai)漬:界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)耐旱怕漬,平(ping)時(shi)根據生育(yu)期(qi)(qi)水(shui)(shui)份要(yao)(yao)(yao)求進(jin)(jin)行灌溉(gai);④化(hua)學調(diao)(diao)控(kong):為(wei)控(kong)制大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)陡長,倒伏,減(jian)少(shao)落(luo)(luo)花(hua)落(luo)(luo)莢(jia),花(hua)前(qian)(qian)每(mei)畝15%多(duo)效唑60克(ke)兌水(shui)(shui)50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。追肥(fei):依據苗(miao)(miao)情施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong):第(di)一片復(fu)葉(xie)展開時(shi),及時(shi)追適(shi)量氮磷(lin)(lin)肥(fei),每(mei)畝追肥(fei)尿素3~5公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin),過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鈣7~15公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin);分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)主(zhu)意(yi)追磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei);初花(hua)期(qi)(qi)一般每(mei)畝硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)(suan)銨(an)和過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鈣7~10公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin);結莢(jia)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行根噴過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鈣溶(rong)液(ye)40~70公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)。鼓粒(li)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)(jin)行葉(xie)面噴肥(fei),一般用(yong)過磷(lin)(lin)酸(suan)(suan)鈣2%噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)次(ci)(ci)40~50公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)斤(jin)/畝,也(ye)用(yong)0.05%鉬(mu)(mu)酸(suan)(suan)銨(an)溶(rong)液(ye)噴施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。3、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)(fang)(fang)治 平(ping)時(shi)加強田間(jian)觀察,及時(shi)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害。界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)以(yi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害主(zhu),主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)地(di)下(xia)(xia)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(蠐螬、地(di)老虎)、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)莢(jia)螟、豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)天(tian)(tian)蛾等(deng)。農(nong)(nong)業防(fang)(fang)(fang)治措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(1)輪(lun)(lun)作換茬:界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)可(ke)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)稻(dao)、油菜等(deng)作物(wu)輪(lun)(lun)作。(2)重視留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和曬種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(3)防(fang)(fang)(fang)漬防(fang)(fang)(fang)澇,確保(bao)(bao)(bao)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)健(jian)壯生長;合(he)理(li)配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),增(zeng)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)(lin)鉀肥(fei),提(ti)高界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)抗病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能力;深(shen)(shen)翻整(zheng)地(di)曬土(tu),及時(shi)清除病(bing)(bing)殘(can)植株(zhu);撒(sa)生石灰調(diao)(diao)節酸(suan)(suan)堿度(du);有(you)(you)條件地(di)方(fang)可(ke)灌水(shui)(shui)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),減(jian)少(shao)越夏蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)源。(4)引種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調(diao)(diao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)嚴格檢疫(yi),及時(shi)處理(li)。 化(hua)學防(fang)(fang)(fang)治措施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi): (1)土(tu)壤(rang)消毒結合(he)最后(hou)(hou)(hou)一次(ci)(ci)撒(sa)底(di)肥(fei),每(mei)667㎡用(yong)10%辛(xin)硫(liu)(liu)磷(lin)(lin)或3%好(hao)(hao)(hao)年(nian)冬(dong)顆粒(li)劑3~5㎏混施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)于豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)根周(zhou)圍(wei)。(2)推廣(guang)使用(yong)高效低毒低殘(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)防(fang)(fang)(fang)治病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害,禁止使用(yong)高毒高殘(can)留農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)。防(fang)(fang)(fang)治害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)10%氯蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)苯甲(jia)酰胺懸(xuan)浮劑等(deng)藥(yao)劑,注(zhu)意(yi)輪(lun)(lun)換用(yong)藥(yao)。4、界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)制作工(gong)(gong)藝 (1)采收(shou)(shou) 大(da)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)收(shou)(shou)獲期(qi)(qi)為(wei)黃(huang)熟末期(qi)(qi)至完熟期(qi)(qi),趁早晨露水(shui)(shui)未干時(shi)收(shou)(shou)割(ge),收(shou)(shou)獲后(hou)(hou)(hou)堆放(fang)3--5天(tian)(tian),然后(hou)(hou)(hou)帶莢(jia)暴曬至干脫粒(li)。(2)包(bao)裝 產品(pin)(pin)采收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou)(hou),迅速就地(di)按加工(gong)(gong)標準進(jin)(jin)行整(zheng)理(li),挑選(xuan)出(chu)病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蛀、癟小、機械損傷、青(qing)頭等(deng)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou),按品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、規格分(fen)別做(zuo)好(hao)(hao)(hao)標簽(qian)、包(bao)裝,及時(shi)送(song)交加工(gong)(gong)單(dan)位。運(yun)輸工(gong)(gong)具要(yao)(yao)(yao)清潔、衛生、無污(wu)染(ran)、無雜(za)物(wu),包(bao)裝運(yun)輸過程中(zhong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)避免(mian)接觸污(wu)染(ran)物(wu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)證存放(fang)界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)容器及環境(jing)的衛生,觀察界(jie)豆(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)(dou)顏色(se)變化(hua),杜(du)絕出(chu)現白酶。
(四(si))生產(chan)記錄(lu)要求 建立生產(chan)檔案,對品種、肥料(liao)施(shi)用、病蟲害(hai)防治、采(cai)收和(he)其它(ta)田間(jian)管(guan)理(li)措施(shi)及產(chan)品去(qu)向(xiang)等進行記載。生產(chan)檔案應有專人專管(guan),保存期不(bu)少于3年。