五里界界豆鮮品外(wai)觀為水滴形(xing),顆粒(li)(li)(li)飽(bao)(bao)滿,口感質地脆嫩,富含粘(zhan)液,淡辛香味。成(cheng)熟的(de)籽(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)呈米(mi)黃(huang)色,種(zhong)臍(qi)黃(huang)褐色,臍(qi)眼有黃(huang)色裂痕(hen);外(wai)形(xing)為橢圓形(xing),種(zhong)皮光滑;籽(zi)粒(li)(li)(li)飽(bao)(bao)滿、粒(li)(li)(li)小(xiao),百(bai)粒(li)(li)(li)重12~13克。特別適宜各類加工(gong)。
五里界(jie)界(jie)豆(dou)的生(sheng)產地域范圍為(wei)湖北(bei)省武漢市江夏區所轄(xia)的五里界(jie)街錦(jin)繡村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、毛家(jia)畈村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、李家(jia)店村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、東湖街村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、群益(yi)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、孫家(jia)店村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、唐涂(tu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)、童周嶺村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun)8個村(cun)(cun)(cun)(cun),地理坐標為(wei)東經(jing)114°27′~114°33′,北(bei)緯30°01′~30°13′。總(zong)種(zhong)植面(mian)積100公頃,年總(zong)產量200噸。
(1)外(wai)在感觀特征(zheng) 界豆鮮品外(wai)觀為水滴(di)形,顆粒飽滿(man),口(kou)感質地脆(cui)嫩,富含(han)粘液,淡(dan)辛香味(wei)。成熟的籽粒呈米黃色(se),種臍黃褐色(se),臍眼有黃色(se)裂痕;外(wai)形為橢圓(yuan)形,種皮光滑(hua);籽粒飽滿(man)、粒小,百粒重12~13克。特別適宜(yi)各類加工。
(2)內在品質指標 五里界界豆,營養豐富(fu),蛋(dan)白質≥39%,脂肪≥12%,粗纖維≤11%。
(3)安(an)全要求 界豆符合(he)《大豆》(GB 1352)、《農藥安(an)全使(shi)用規(gui)范 總則》(NY/T 1276)和《肥料合(he)理使(shi)用準則》(NY/T 496)的有關(guan)規(gui)定(ding)。界豆執行(xing)《無公害(hai)農產品生產質(zhi)量安(an)全控制技(ji)術規(gui)范》(NY/T 2798.2)標準。
(一)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)地貌情(qing)況 江(jiang)(jiang)夏區(qu)境(jing)屬江(jiang)(jiang)漢平(ping)原向(xiang)鄂(e)南丘陵過渡地段(duan),地形(xing)特(te)征是中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)高,西(xi)靠長江(jiang)(jiang),東向(xiang)湖(hu)區(qu)緩斜。區(qu)境(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)我國紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)北(bei)部(bu)(bu)邊(bian)緣,又是黃棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)的(de)(de)南緣,濱江(jiang)(jiang)抱湖(hu)的(de)(de)地理位(wei)置有(you)(you)潮土分(fen)布。北(bei)部(bu)(bu)垅(long)崗(gang)平(ping)原以(yi)(yi)(yi)黃棕壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)和潮土為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),中(zhong)部(bu)(bu)低(di)丘垅(long)崗(gang)平(ping)原皆為(wei)(wei)(wei)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang),南部(bu)(bu)垅(long)崗(gang)平(ping)原區(qu)集(ji)中(zhong)分(fen)布,西(xi)部(bu)(bu)平(ping)原以(yi)(yi)(yi)潮土為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。五里界(jie)界(jie)豆生產地域范(fan)圍土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)以(yi)(yi)(yi)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu),pH 6.6~7.5,有(you)(you)機(ji)質(zhi)、堿解氮、速效磷及速效鉀平(ping)均含量分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)(wei)23.41g/kg、106.40mg/kg、15.00mg/kg以(yi)(yi)(yi)及117.90mg/kg,這種(zhong)無任(ren)何污染的(de)(de)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土,能(neng)滿足(zu)界(jie)豆生長所需的(de)(de)基本(ben)土壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)養分(fen),為(wei)(wei)(wei)界(jie)豆特(te)有(you)(you)品質(zhi)的(de)(de)形(xing)成提供了保障。
(二)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情況 江(jiang)(jiang)夏區(qu)(qu)西臨(lin)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),東北、西南三面(mian)臨(lin)湖,間以水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)塘堰,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)江(jiang)(jiang)湖環抱之(zhi)勢。由于地勢南北狹長(chang)而東西傾斜,境(jing)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系呈離心扇形(xing),按(an)自(zi)然出(chu)(chu)江(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)(kou)劃分:金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)金(jin)口(kou)(kou)入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang),梁子湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)樊口(kou)(kou)閘(zha)(zha),湯(tang)遜(xun)湖水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)出(chu)(chu)武泰(tai)閘(zha)(zha)。較大江(jiang)(jiang)河有長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)和金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河,長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)流經(jing)區(qu)(qu)境(jing)段(duan)長(chang)31.5公(gong)(gong)里(li),金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河的區(qu)(qu)境(jing)流程(cheng)42公(gong)(gong)里(li),在(zai)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)閘(zha)(zha)入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)。較大的湖泊有:西涼湖、斧(fu)頭湖系,由5個湖泊組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),與(yu)金(jin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)河相(xiang)通;梁子湖系由3個湖泊組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),與(yu)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)相(xiang)連;湯(tang)遜(xun)湖系由5個湖泊組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),積水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)由海(hai)口(kou)(kou)閘(zha)(zha)、陳(chen)山頭閘(zha)(zha)和武泰(tai)閘(zha)(zha)流入(ru)長(chang)江(jiang)(jiang)。區(qu)(qu)境(jing)江(jiang)(jiang)河、湖泊、河灘、湖灘、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)等(deng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積達6.467萬公(gong)(gong)頃,占全(quan)區(qu)(qu)版圖面(mian)積的三分之(zhi)一(yi)。全(quan)區(qu)(qu)可養水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)面(mian)3.84萬公(gong)(gong)頃,是武漢(han)市(shi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)域面(mian)積最大的區(qu)(qu),無污染的清潔水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan),保(bao)障了界豆(dou)生長(chang)所需的優(you)質(zhi)灌溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)。
(三)氣候(hou)條件 江夏(xia)區屬中亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)向(xiang)北亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)過渡的濕(shi)潤(run)季風(feng)氣候(hou)。年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)氣溫(wen)介于15.9~17.9℃之(zhi)間(jian),歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)值為16.8℃。年(nian)總降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)889.2~1862.6mm,歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)(jun)降(jiang)水(shui)量(liang)為1347.7mm。日照時數(shu)為1450~2050h。溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤(run)、四季分明,亞(ya)熱(re)(re)帶(dai)大陸季風(feng)氣候(hou)特征十分明顯(xian)。完全(quan)符合界豆生長發育所需的溫(wen)、光、氣等(deng)氣候(hou)條件。但不同年(nian)型的光、熱(re)(re)、水(shui)年(nian)季分布振(zhen)幅較大,常形成旱(han)澇災(zai)害、低(di)溫(wen)、陰雨寡照,對(dui)農業生產造成一定危(wei)害。
(一)產(chan)地(di)(di)選擇與特色內容規(gui)定(ding) 五(wu)里(li)界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆產(chan)于江夏區五(wu)里(li)界(jie)(jie)街孫家(jia)店村、童周村等8個(ge)村。五(wu)里(li)界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆產(chan)地(di)(di)資源(yuan)條件優(you)越,光(guang)照充足(zu),降(jiang)水(shui)充沛(pei),湖(hu)泊縱橫,水(shui)資源(yuan)十分豐富,具有良好的(de)(de)自然環(huan)(huan)境和(he)生態(tai)條件。產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)繞梁子湖(hu),在其特有的(de)(de)地(di)(di)理環(huan)(huan)境和(he)特殊的(de)(de)土質(zhi)環(huan)(huan)境、潔凈的(de)(de)空氣、清澈的(de)(de)灌溉水(shui)及(ji)耕作制(zhi)度均符合《無公害食品產(chan)地(di)(di)環(huan)(huan)境評價準則》(NY/T 5295)的(de)(de)規(gui)定(ding)。產(chan)地(di)(di)水(shui)源(yuan)充足(zu)、地(di)(di)勢平緩、排灌便利及(ji)保(bao)水(shui)性好,種植戶種界(jie)(jie)豆經驗豐富。
(二)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇與特定要求(qiu) 五里界(jie)界(jie)豆為五里界(jie)主要農(nong)作物(wu)之一,其因歷史(shi)的種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)悠久(1000年以上),通過歷代本地農(nong)民(min)的嚴格挑選留種(zhong)(zhong),保留下來“六月(yue)爆”這個地方品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong),其產(chan)品(pin)外形整齊美觀,在(zai)豐產(chan)性、營(ying)養性和商品(pin)性等(deng)方面優于外來品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。
(三)生產過程(cheng)管理 1、五(wu)里界界豆種植(zhi) (1)環境(jing)選擇(ze) 五(wu)里界界豆的適(shi)應(ying)性廣,種植(zhi)區域全年氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫和,雨量充足,四季分(fen)明,小氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)優質明顯,平均氣(qi)(qi)溫16℃,最高氣(qi)(qi)溫38℃,年降水(shui)量1200毫(hao)米(mi)左右,無霜期260天左右,屬丘陵(ling)亞熱帶氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),土壤有機質含(han)量比周圍高1.2倍,速效(xiao)鉀高1倍,含(han)鋅高2.9倍,含(han)鎂高1.7倍栽培,較適(shi)合(he)種植(zhi)界豆。當地農戶有豐富的種植(zhi)經驗,能夠根據界豆的生育特(te)點做好田間管理,促進界豆生產。
(2)空(kong)(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量 五里(li)界(jie)界(jie)豆基地的環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量,符合國家《環(huan)境空(kong)(kong)氣質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量標(biao)準》(GB 3095)中規(gui)定(ding)的標(biao)準要求。
(3)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)質(zhi)量 基地灌溉用(yong)(yong)水(shui)無污染,符合《農田灌溉水(shui)質(zhi)標(biao)準(zhun)》(GB 5084)。
(4)土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)量 應選用未種(zhong)(zhong)過界(jie)豆及其他蠶豆類的地塊。界(jie)豆適(shi)于肥沃土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)栽培(pei),但(dan)以(yi)排水良好(hao)的疏松壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu),pH值6.5~7.5中(zhong)性(xing)砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)為佳;界(jie)豆吸肥力(li)強,在砂(sha)(sha)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)土(tu)中(zhong)產(chan)量最(zui)(zui)高,品質(zhi)最(zui)(zui)好(hao);適(shi)于間、套(tao)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),忌連作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。可在旱地玉米、馬鈴薯、西(xi)瓜、芝(zhi)麻、大豆、花生后茬種(zhong)(zhong)或與水稻輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),最(zui)(zui)好(hao)每年換地輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)。產(chan)地農戶在長期(qi)生產(chan)實踐中(zhong),已(yi)形成了輪(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)換茬種(zhong)(zhong)植界(jie)豆的習(xi)慣。基(ji)地土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)質(zhi)量符合《土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)環境質(zhi)量 農用地土(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)(rang)污(wu)染風(feng)險管控(kong)標準(試行)》(GB 15618)。
(5)五(wu)里界(jie)(jie)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)的(de)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植 選(xuan)擇本地春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong):六月(yue)爆。武(wu)昌六月(yue)爆,系江夏區(qu)(原(yuan)武(wu)昌縣(xian))春(chun)大(da)豆(dou)(dou)地方(fang)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),適應強,早(zao)熟豐產,品質(zhi)好,有(you)限結莢(jia),株(zhu)(zhu)高75㎝左右,葉橢圓(yuan)形,紫花,茸毛(mao),黑色(se)。籽粒(li)呈橢圓(yuan)形,黃色(se),百粒(li)重12~13克,全生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)100~110天(tian)(tian)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)選(xuan)擇:選(xuan)擇的(de)是大(da)小適中(zhong)(zhong),符合(he)本品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)特征的(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi),應剔除(chu)病(bing)(bing)斑粒(li)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)食粒(li)、雜(za)質(zhi),為(wei)(wei)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)保(bao)(bao)(bao)證提供保(bao)(bao)(bao)障(zhang)。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li):將豆(dou)(dou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)置于太陽下(xia)(xia)暴曬(shai)1~2天(tian)(tian),以(yi)咬脆(cui)裂為(wei)(wei)適度(du),之后(hou)(hou)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)是用(yong)鉬肥(fei)2克溶(rong)入(ru)少許熱水(shui),冷卻后(hou)(hou)與(yu)1公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)充(chong)分(fen)拌勻,提高種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)子(zi)發芽(ya)勢和發芽(ya)率。播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前先(xian)深耕(geng)(geng)20~24㎝,土(tu)壤疏松,結構(gou)良(liang)好,保(bao)(bao)(bao)肥(fei)保(bao)(bao)(bao)水(shui)力強,通氣性(xing)好,整(zheng)細(xi)耙(pa)平(ping),深翻(fan)(fan)曬(shai)壟(long),做(zuo)到田(tian)平(ping)土(tu)細(xi),然后(hou)(hou)按2~3m寬開廂(xiang),并開好三溝(gou),溝(gou)寬0.3m,廂(xiang)溝(gou)、腰(yao)溝(gou)、圍溝(gou)深度(du)依(yi)次(ci)(ci)為(wei)(wei)0.3m、0.4m、0.5m,做(zuo)到溝(gou)溝(gou)相通,以(yi)利排水(shui)和抗旱。施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)原(yuan)則:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)應以(yi)農家(jia)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,化(hua)肥(fei)為(wei)(wei)輔,多(duo)(duo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei)。施(shi)(shi)(shi)基肥(fei):每(mei)667㎡基施(shi)(shi)(shi)農家(jia)肥(fei)1000公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)~1500公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)鉀型復合(he)肥(fei)20公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。最適宜(yi)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬至(zhi)清明前。界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)穴播(bo),也(ye)有(you)采用(yong)撒播(bo)、條播(bo),播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)深度(du)2~5㎝,穴距15~27㎝,每(mei)穴3~5粒(li)。2、田(tian)間管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li) 界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)播(bo)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)即開始田(tian)間管(guan)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。①查苗補缺:苗出齊(qi)后(hou)(hou)對(dui)缺苗進(jin)行補種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)或(huo)補苗;②中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)田(tian)多(duo)(duo)采用(yong)中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng)除(chu)草,主要三次(ci)(ci):第(di)一次(ci)(ci)剛出真葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),淺中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng);第(di)二(er)次(ci)(ci)3~4片葉時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),深中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng);第(di)三次(ci)(ci)分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)苗高23~27厘米時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),淺中(zhong)(zhong)耕(geng)(geng),結合(he)培土(tu);③灌(guan)溉與(yu)排漬(zi):界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)耐旱怕漬(zi),平(ping)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)根據(ju)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)育(yu)期(qi)(qi)水(shui)份要求進(jin)行灌(guan)溉;④化(hua)學調(diao)控:為(wei)(wei)控制大(da)豆(dou)(dou)陡長,倒伏(fu),減(jian)少落(luo)花落(luo)莢(jia),花前每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)15%多(duo)(duo)效唑60克兌(dui)水(shui)50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。追(zhui)肥(fei):依(yi)據(ju)苗情施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong):第(di)一片復葉展開時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)追(zhui)適量氮磷(lin)肥(fei),每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)追(zhui)肥(fei)尿素3~5公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin),過(guo)(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)7~15公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin);分(fen)枝期(qi)(qi)主意追(zhui)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei);初(chu)花期(qi)(qi)一般每(mei)畝(mu)(mu)硫(liu)(liu)酸(suan)銨(an)和過(guo)(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)7~10公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin);結莢(jia)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行根噴(pen)過(guo)(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)溶(rong)液(ye)40~70公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。鼓粒(li)期(qi)(qi)進(jin)行葉面噴(pen)肥(fei),一般用(yong)過(guo)(guo)磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣(gai)2%噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi),每(mei)次(ci)(ci)40~50公(gong)(gong)斤(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)/畝(mu)(mu),也(ye)用(yong)0.05%鉬酸(suan)銨(an)溶(rong)液(ye)噴(pen)施(shi)(shi)(shi)。3、病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi) 平(ping)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)加強田(tian)間觀察,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害。界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)以(yi)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害主,主要有(you)地下(xia)(xia)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)(蠐螬、地老虎)、豆(dou)(dou)莢(jia)螟、豆(dou)(dou)天(tian)(tian)蛾等(deng)。農業防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi):(1)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)換茬:界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)可(ke)與(yu)水(shui)稻、油菜(cai)等(deng)作(zuo)(zuo)物(wu)輪(lun)(lun)作(zuo)(zuo)。(2)重視留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和曬(shai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。(3)防(fang)漬(zi)防(fang)澇(lao),確(que)保(bao)(bao)(bao)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)健壯生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長;合(he)理(li)(li)(li)(li)配方(fang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei),增施(shi)(shi)(shi)磷(lin)鉀肥(fei),提高界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)抗病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)能(neng)力;深翻(fan)(fan)整(zheng)地曬(shai)土(tu),及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)清除(chu)病(bing)(bing)殘植株(zhu)(zhu);撒生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)石灰調(diao)節酸(suan)堿度(du);有(you)條件地方(fang)可(ke)灌(guan)水(shui)殺蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),減(jian)少越夏蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)源。(4)引(yin)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)調(diao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)嚴格(ge)檢疫,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)處(chu)理(li)(li)(li)(li)。 化(hua)學防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)措施(shi)(shi)(shi): (1)土(tu)壤消毒(du)結合(he)最后(hou)(hou)一次(ci)(ci)撒底肥(fei),每(mei)667㎡用(yong)10%辛(xin)硫(liu)(liu)磷(lin)或(huo)3%好年冬顆(ke)粒(li)劑(ji)3~5㎏混(hun)施(shi)(shi)(shi)于豆(dou)(dou)根周(zhou)圍。(2)推廣(guang)使(shi)用(yong)高效低毒(du)低殘留農藥防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)病(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)害,禁止使(shi)用(yong)高毒(du)高殘留農藥。防(fang)治(zhi)(zhi)害蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)可(ke)10%氯(lv)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)苯甲(jia)酰胺懸浮劑(ji)等(deng)藥劑(ji),注(zhu)意輪(lun)(lun)換用(yong)藥。4、界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)制作(zuo)(zuo)工藝 (1)采收(shou)(shou) 大(da)豆(dou)(dou)收(shou)(shou)獲期(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)黃熟末期(qi)(qi)至(zhi)完熟期(qi)(qi),趁早(zao)晨露水(shui)未干時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)收(shou)(shou)割,收(shou)(shou)獲后(hou)(hou)堆(dui)放(fang)3--5天(tian)(tian),然后(hou)(hou)帶莢(jia)暴曬(shai)至(zhi)干脫粒(li)。(2)包裝 產品采收(shou)(shou)后(hou)(hou),迅速就(jiu)地按加工標準進(jin)行整(zheng)理(li)(li)(li)(li),挑選(xuan)出病(bing)(bing)、蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)蛀(zhu)、癟小、機械損傷(shang)、青頭(tou)等(deng)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou),按品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、規(gui)格(ge)分(fen)別(bie)做(zuo)好標簽、包裝,及(ji)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)送交加工單位。運輸工具(ju)要清潔、衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、無污染(ran)、無雜(za)物(wu),包裝運輸過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)應避免接觸污染(ran)物(wu)。保(bao)(bao)(bao)證存放(fang)界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)容器及(ji)環境的(de)衛(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),觀察界(jie)(jie)豆(dou)(dou)顏色(se)變(bian)化(hua),杜絕(jue)出現白酶。
(四)生產記(ji)錄要求(qiu) 建立生產檔(dang)案(an),對品種、肥料施用、病蟲害防治、采(cai)收和(he)其(qi)它田間管理措施及產品去向等進行記(ji)載。生產檔(dang)案(an)應有專人(ren)專管,保存期不少于(yu)3年。