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一.產品介紹

焦(jiao)溪(xi)二(er)花(hua)臉豬(zhu)原(yuan)產于武進焦(jiao)溪(xi)舜山一(yi)(yi)帶，已有400多年歷史，豬(zhu)肉細嫩多汁、香(xiang)濃味(wei)美(mei)且膠(jiao)原(yuan)蛋白豐(feng)富，是(shi)(shi)產地農民的一(yi)(yi)項傳統副業(ye)，也是(shi)(shi)農民增收致富、帶動地方經濟(ji)繁榮發展的一(yi)(yi)個特(te)色種源(yuan)(yuan)產業(ye)。二(er)花(hua)臉豬(zhu)是(shi)(shi)我國寶貴的遺傳資源(yuan)(yuan)，20世紀(ji)被(bei)列為“國寶”，2000年被(bei)農業(ye)部(bu)列入中(zhong)國地方豬(zhu)遺傳資源(yuan)(yuan)保護名錄(lu)，仍(reng)然是(shi)(shi)當(dang)今培(pei)育二(er)元(yuan)母豬(zhu)最佳第一(yi)(yi)母本。

二.自(zi)然生(sheng)態環境和(he)人文歷史因素

1、土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)貌(mao)情況：本區域(yu)屬鄭橫(heng)圩田地(di)區，其間錯落分布著(zhu)由(you)石灰(hui)巖風化形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)舜山、鳳凰山、橫(heng)山等(deng)低山丘(qiu)(qiu)陵，地(di)勢低平，河網密布，低山丘(qiu)(qiu)陵僅占4%。平田的(de)(de)地(di)面高(gao)程在3m以下(xia)，成(cheng)(cheng)土(tu)母質既有河湖相沉積(ji)物也有長江沖積(ji)物，主(zhu)要土(tu)壤(rang)類型(xing)有黃泥土(tu)、烏(wu)柵土(tu)和沙土(tu)，根據第二(er)(er)(er)次土(tu)壤(rang)普(pu)查，耕作層平均PH值7.43、有機質21.8g/kg、全氮（N）1.43 g/kg 、全磷(lin)（五氧(yang)化二(er)(er)(er)磷(lin)）1.26g/kg、速效磷(lin)（五氧(yang)化二(er)(er)(er)磷(lin)）27.6 mg/kg、速效鉀(jia)（氧(yang)化鉀(jia)）104.0mg/kg。土(tu)壤(rang)養分豐(feng)富，磷(lin)素含量特(te)高(gao)，水作旱(han)作都(dou)適宜，為(wei)全區所獨有。另(ling)據抽樣調(diao)查，耕作層平均有效鋅（Zn）6.2 mg/kg、易還(huan)原(yuan)態(tai)錳（Mn）191 mg/kg、有效硼（B）0.32 mg/kg、有效硅（SiO2）345 mg/kg，鋅、硅有效量豐(feng)富，錳、硼有效量中等(deng)，但相對全區而言微量元(yuan)素含量都(dou)是高(gao)的(de)(de)。 

2、水(shui)文情況：本(ben)區域(yu)(yu)屬(shu)長(chang)江下游太(tai)湖(hu)流域(yu)(yu)水(shui)網區，區內有水(shui)域(yu)(yu)面積(ji)近3萬畝(mu)，占總土(tu)地面積(ji)的15%。河(he)(he)流縱橫(heng)密(mi)布(bu)，形成以(yi)舜河(he)(he)、三(san)山(shan)港(gang)為徑，北塘河(he)(he)為緯，北通長(chang)江，南聯(lian)運(yun)河(he)(he)的水(shui)系。長(chang)江為來水(shui)水(shui)源，運(yun)河(he)(he)為排(pai)水(shui)通道。 

3、氣候(hou)情(qing)況：本區(qu)域位于北亞熱(re)(re)帶北緣，屬(shu)海洋性氣候(hou)，四季分明、雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛、無霜(shuang)期長。全(quan)年(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)溫(wen)度15.5℃，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，1月(yue)份(fen)(fen)2.4℃，7月(yue)份(fen)(fen)28.2℃。年(nian)日(ri)照時(shi)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)2005.8小時(shi)，年(nian)日(ri)照百(bai)分率平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)47%，以(yi)7、8月(yue)份(fen)(fen)最(zui)高(gao)，分別(bie)為(wei)(wei)54%和(he)62%，3～5月(yue)份(fen)(fen)多(duo)(duo)連續(xu)陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，日(ri)照百(bai)分率僅40%左右。年(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)降水量(liang)1066毫(hao)米，其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，1月(yue)份(fen)(fen)37.1毫(hao)米，7月(yue)163.6毫(hao)米；每年(nian)4月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬至5月(yue)中(zhong)(zhong)旬是“桃(tao)花水”主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)時(shi)段(duan)，6～7月(yue)為(wei)(wei)梅(mei)(mei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)期，梅(mei)(mei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)期平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)21天左右，降水量(liang)223.6毫(hao)米。初霜(shuang)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)11月(yue)10日(ri)，最(zui)早為(wei)(wei)10月(yue)19日(ri)；終霜(shuang)日(ri)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為(wei)(wei)3月(yue)28日(ri)，最(zui)晚為(wei)(wei)4月(yue)16日(ri)；平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)霜(shuang)期138天，最(zui)多(duo)(duo)166天，最(zui)少83天。平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)水面蒸發量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1573.7毫(hao)米。冬季受(shou)大陸冷高(gao)壓影響多(duo)(duo)西北風(feng)，并(bing)有(you)寒潮侵襲；春季處于冷暖空氣交(jiao)鋒頻繁和(he)春夏(xia)季風(feng)交(jiao)替季節，氣溫(wen)冷暖多(duo)(duo)變。夏(xia)季受(shou)副熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)壓影響，天氣炎熱(re)(re)多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，常(chang)有(you)東南季風(feng)，夏(xia)初常(chang)有(you)梅(mei)(mei)雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，夏(xia)末易受(shou)臺風(feng)影響，秋季副熱(re)(re)帶高(gao)壓逐漸減弱(ruo)，偏(pian)西風(feng)開始增(zeng)強。自然災(zai)害(hai)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)有(you)干(gan)旱(han)、澇漬、連陰雨(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)、低溫(wen)冷害(hai)、冰雹、臺風(feng)、龍卷風(feng)等。 

4、人文歷(li)史(shi)情(qing)況(kuang)：武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)古稱(cheng)延(yan)陵(ling)(ling)邑，在(zai)(zai)(zai)春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)時為吳(wu)(wu)季札封地(di)(di)(di)(di)，秦置(zhi)延(yan)陵(ling)(ling)縣(xian)(xian)，漢改毗陵(ling)(ling)、毗壇，晉(jin)稱(cheng)晉(jin)陵(ling)(ling)，并分丹徒、曲阿以東(dong)(dong)地(di)(di)(di)(di)另(ling)置(zhi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)縣(xian)(xian)。此后(hou)(hou)晉(jin)陵(ling)(ling)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)兩縣(xian)(xian)合(he)而(er)(er)(er)分、分而(er)(er)(er)合(he)，數易縣(xian)(xian)名。清雍(yong)正(zheng)四年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1726年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))分置(zhi)武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、陽(yang)湖兩縣(xian)(xian)，至辛亥革命(ming)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)當(dang)(dang)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)合(he)為武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)。中(zhong)(zhong)華民(min)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)29年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))至34年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)抗日(ri)戰爭縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)淪陷期(qi)(qi)間(jian)，鄉區分別(bie)(bie)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)共產(chan)黨領導(dao)建(jian)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)武(wu)(wu)(wu)南(nan)(nan)、澄西(xi)、武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(北)和(he)金丹武(wu)(wu)(wu)四縣(xian)(xian)抗日(ri)民(min)主(zhu)(zhu)政府管轄；1949年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)23日(ri)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)解(jie)放，縣(xian)(xian)城析出(chu)建(jian)立常(chang)州市(shi)。此后(hou)(hou)武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)先后(hou)(hou)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)州、蘇州、鎮(zhen)江專區(地(di)(di)(di)(di)區)，1983年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)3月(yue)改屬(shu)常(chang)州市(shi)。1995年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)8月(yue)撤縣(xian)(xian)設市(shi)。2002年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)4月(yue)撤市(shi)設區。 早在(zai)(zai)(zai)5000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)前，武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)境(jing)內(nei)就(jiu)有(you)(you)人類定居，勞動生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)息(xi)。據(ju)戚墅(shu)(shu)堰(yan)圩墩、青(qing)(qing)龍鄉潘家(jia)(jia)塘(tang)、鄭陸鄉寺墩、橫(heng)林(lin)鎮(zhen)青(qing)(qing)墩、湖塘(tang)鎮(zhen)金雞(ji)墩等(deng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)發(fa)掘的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)文物(wu)(wu)證(zheng)明(ming)，其(qi)時已(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)一些新石(shi)器時代(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)始社會村落(luo)，使(shi)用石(shi)器從(cong)(cong)事(shi)農(nong)耕漁(yu)獵(lie)，并掌(zhang)握了制陶和(he)玉石(shi)雕(diao)刻工藝。湖塘(tang)鎮(zhen)境(jing)內(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古淹城遺(yi)址，建(jian)于(yu)(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)周，距今(jin)(jin)2500年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)，有(you)(you)城河(he)、城墻(qiang)各三(san)(san)道，是我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)現存(cun)最古老、保(bao)(bao)存(cun)最完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壘土(tu)所(suo)(suo)筑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)面城池。雪堰(yan)鄉與無錫縣(xian)(xian)胡(hu)埭(dai)鄉交界(jie)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)闔閭城遺(yi)址，相傳系(xi)春秋(qiu)戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)吳(wu)(wu)王闔閭伐楚還師時所(suo)(suo)建(jian)。 武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)歷(li)史(shi)也十分悠(you)久。戚墅(shu)(shu)堰(yan)圩墩遺(yi)址出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)下(xia)頦(ke)骨，經(jing)考證(zheng)已(yi)有(you)(you)6000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)左(zuo)右(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)史(shi)；到春秋(qiu)時代(dai)，吳(wu)(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)已(yi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)蘇南(nan)(nan)發(fa)展畜牧業(ye)(ye)，《吳(wu)(wu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)書》記載(zai)(zai)：“匠門外(wai)沙里(li)中(zhong)(zhong)，城東(dong)(dong)五里(li)有(you)(you)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)墳(fen)，是吳(wu)(wu)王畜豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)(suo)；……”；從(cong)(cong)常(chang)州市(shi)南(nan)(nan)門出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)漢陶豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)舍(she)和(he)西(xi)郊出(chu)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)西(xi)漢陶豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，說明(ming)了當(dang)(dang)時養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)達程度(du)；據(ju)明(ming)末的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)沈氏(shi)農(nong)書記載(zai)(zai)，母豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)一胎(tai)可育成(cheng)(cheng)小(xiao)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)14頭，可見(jian)當(dang)(dang)時已(yi)經(jing)選育出(chu)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)家(jia)(jia)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)。而(er)(er)(er)焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)則歷(li)來是有(you)(you)名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)苗豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)集散地(di)(di)(di)(di)，元代(dai)朱澤民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)《游三(san)(san)山(shan)(shan)記》中(zhong)(zhong)就(jiu)用“……河(he)復(fu)自灣過(guo)佗村而(er)(er)(er)北，皆美田沃壤，斥堠(hou)相望，迤(yi)儷(li)青(qing)(qing)山(shan)(shan)迎棹(zhao)，樵歌牧唱，相與應(ying)答。舟(zhou)人廻牽，沿山(shan)(shan)前小(xiao)河(he)而(er)(er)(er)行，村墟(xu)相接，岸柳交映，兩山(shan)(shan)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，浦溆縈帶，北通(tong)江口，地(di)(di)(di)(di)名石(shi)堰(yan)。既(ji)而(er)(er)(er)舟(zhou)轉(zhuan)，兩岸板橋為梁(liang)，即三(san)(san)山(shan)(shan)塢。其(qi)間(jian)民(min)居輳集，屋(wu)瓦參差，稻秸堆委，連衢(qu)比巷，如(ru)墉如(ru)櫛(zhi)，風俗熙熙，翁(weng)呼兒蕘，婦飯(fan)姑汲(ji)；牛羊(yang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)山(shan)(shan)，犬豕在(zai)(zai)(zai)圈；鳥噪于(yu)(yu)(yu)林(lin)，雞(ji)登于(yu)(yu)(yu)屋(wu)；藹然太平豐稔(ren)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)象，若古朱陳村焉。……”（摘自《武(wu)(wu)(wu)陽(yang)合(he)志(zhi)(zhi)·輿地(di)(di)(di)(di)志(zhi)(zhi)》）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)描述，記錄(lu)了當(dang)(dang)時焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)街鎮(zhen)（石(shi)堰(yan)現為焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一個村）的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)繁(fan)華熱(re)鬧(nao)景象。 從(cong)(cong)明(ming)代(dai)萬歷(li)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)起，武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)東(dong)(dong)北部(bu)沿舜(shun)山(shan)(shan)腳(jiao)下(xia)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)民(min)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理環境(jing)、氣候條件(jian)下(xia)，通(tong)過(guo)長期(qi)(qi)選育，培育出(chu)了焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)。乾隆30年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)編修的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)《武(wu)(wu)(wu)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)陽(yang)湖合(he)志(zhi)(zhi)》之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)《輿地(di)(di)(di)(di)志(zhi)(zhi)》中(zhong)(zhong)，有(you)(you)“燕飲(yin)昔崇(chong)儉素，近亦(yi)(yi)漸(jian)流(liu)豐腴，甚或華燈(deng)廣坐，選部(bu)征(zheng)歌。雖著(zhu)繁(fan)昌，殊(shu)乖撙節，魚麗萬物(wu)(wu)，盛(sheng)多羔羊(yang)，節儉之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)也非，士大(da)夫責(ze)歟。”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)記載(zai)(zai)。可見(jian)當(dang)(dang)時的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活水(shui)平之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)高(gao)(gao)。當(dang)(dang)時隨著(zhu)人口的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)量增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)利(li)用率日(ri)益提高(gao)(gao)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)擴大(da)了糧食作物(wu)(wu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)面積，加(jia)(jia)上土(tu)地(di)(di)(di)(di)復(fu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)指數提高(gao)(gao)，耕作精細，有(you)(you)機(ji)肥料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)量增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)業(ye)(ye)隨之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)得到進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)—步發(fa)展。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)農(nong)作物(wu)(wu)加(jia)(jia)工副(fu)產(chan)品多，加(jia)(jia)上城鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)糧食和(he)油料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng)加(jia)(jia)工副(fu)產(chan)品亦(yi)(yi)較(jiao)(jiao)多，精飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)充(chong)足，青(qing)(qing)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)亦(yi)(yi)比過(guo)去增(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)(jia)，均(jun)有(you)(you)助于(yu)(yu)(yu)縮短飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)期(qi)(qi)；亦(yi)(yi)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)精飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)以大(da)麥(mai)、米(mi)糠(kang)、麥(mai)麩等(deng)為主(zhu)(zhu)，青(qing)(qing)料(liao)(liao)(liao)以南(nan)(nan)瓜、蘿卜，青(qing)(qing)草(cao)和(he)水(shui)浮蓮、水(shui)葫(hu)蘆，水(shui)花生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等(deng)水(shui)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)為主(zhu)(zhu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)些飼(si)料(liao)(liao)(liao)磷多鈣少(shao)，有(you)(you)利(li)于(yu)(yu)(yu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)殖器官的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)育；而(er)(er)(er)且當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)采用了墊土(tu)墊草(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軟圈積肥方式(shi)，豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)只終年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)飼(si)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)于(yu)(yu)(yu)光線較(jiao)(jiao)暗(an)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)舍(she)內(nei)，很少(shao)運動。這(zhe)樣經(jing)過(guo)長期(qi)(qi)選育，逐漸(jian)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)體型中(zhong)(zhong)等(deng)、耳(er)大(da)而(er)(er)(er)軟、額多皺紋、背腰較(jiao)(jiao)軟而(er)(er)(er)腹垂，臥系(xi)、性(xing)情(qing)溫馴、耐粗飼(si)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長快(kuai)速、繁(fan)殖力(li)高(gao)(gao)，肉質(zhi)鮮美等(deng)特(te)征(zheng)和(he)特(te)性(xing)。這(zhe)一由(you)(you)原(yuan)產(chan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)群眾長期(qi)(qi)培育而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)獨有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)珍貴豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，以其(qi)產(chan)仔率高(gao)(gao)、母性(xing)好、耐粗飼(si)、肉質(zhi)鮮美等(deng)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)特(te)點聞名于(yu)(yu)(yu)全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)乃(nai)至全(quan)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)，被國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)畜牧界(jie)譽為“世(shi)(shi)界(jie)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)仔之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)王”， 二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)(gao)產(chan)仔和(he)肉質(zhi)鮮美等(deng)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)性(xing)狀正(zheng)是改良(liang)(liang)(liang)世(shi)(shi)界(jie)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)和(he)建(jian)立我國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)配套系(xi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資源，其(qi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)價值不亞(ya)于(yu)(yu)(yu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶大(da)熊貓。 解(jie)放以來，黨和(he)政府十分重(zhong)視焦(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)溪(xi)二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)與選育，80年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)被列為“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)部(bu)又將其(qi)列入(ru)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)遺(yi)傳資源保(bao)(bao)護名錄(lu)。自20世(shi)(shi)紀60年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)起，江蘇、浙江、上海(hai)環太湖流(liu)域(yu)一帶的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)方豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先后(hou)(hou)出(chu)口法國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、匈牙利(li)、羅馬尼(ni)亞(ya)、朝鮮、日(ri)本、英(ying)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、美國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)等(deng)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)，但二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)從(cong)(cong)未出(chu)口過(guo)。其(qi)原(yuan)因(yin)有(you)(you)二(er)：一是由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)特(te)別(bie)(bie)優(you)良(liang)(liang)(liang)，屬(shu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)機(ji)密，是“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)寶”，不允(yun)許出(chu)口；二(er)是二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)只有(you)(you)在(zai)(zai)(zai)當(dang)(dang)地(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)理環境(jing)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)殖條件(jian)和(he)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)方式(shi)下(xia)才能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)持，2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)某單位曾(ceng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)南(nan)(nan)京試養(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)過(guo)二(er)花臉(lian)(lian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，但不到幾個月(yue)就(jiu)變得面目全(quan)非、性(xing)能(neng)(neng)變劣。

三.地域范圍

焦溪二(er)(er)花(hua)臉豬(zhu)原產地(di)位于江(jiang)蘇省常州市武進(jin)區(qu)的鄭陸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)和橫山(shan)橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，區(qu)域范圍北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)31°46′～32°04′，東經119°46′～120°12′。平原海拔高(gao)度(du)3m以下（青(qing)島零(ling)點(dian)、下同），低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵最高(gao)峰(feng)115 m。東臨無錫市惠(hui)山(shan)區(qu)玉祁(qi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、江(jiang)陰市桐岐鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，南接常州市武進(jin)區(qu)遙觀鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、橫林(lin)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，西毗常州市天寧區(qu)青(qing)龍街(jie)道、戚(qi)墅堰(yan)區(qu)潞城(cheng)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)，北(bei)(bei)靠江(jiang)陰市西石橋鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、申港鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)。目前有純種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)公豬(zhu)12頭(tou)(tou)、6個血(xue)統(tong)，核心群原種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)653頭(tou)(tou)、生產群母豬(zhu)2118頭(tou)(tou)。2008年銷(xiao)售(shou)二(er)(er)花(hua)臉種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)豬(zhu)8100多(duo)(duo)頭(tou)(tou)，二(er)(er)花(hua)臉二(er)(er)元種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)母豬(zhu)3200多(duo)(duo)頭(tou)(tou)，二(er)(er)花(hua)臉商品豬(zhu)7800多(duo)(duo)頭(tou)(tou)、500多(duo)(duo)噸(dun)，銷(xiao)售(shou)額1560萬元。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)

1、外在感官特征。焦溪(xi)二花臉豬品種歷史悠(you)久，地域特色明顯(xian)(xian)；頭大額寬，耳大下垂過下頜；嘴(zui)筒稍長且微(wei)凹(ao)(ao)，上有2～3道橫紋，額部有明顯(xian)(xian)皺褶；四肢稍高，中軀(qu)(qu)稍長，背腰微(wei)凹(ao)(ao)，腹大下垂；后軀(qu)(qu)寬而稍傾斜，被(bei)毛全黑稀疏；具有產子率高、母(mu)性好、耐(nai)粗飼等特點；豬肉色澤(ze)鮮紅、有光澤(ze)，肌肉細嫩(nen)(nen)，肌間脂肪豐富，呈大理(li)石狀；熟制后香味(wei)(wei)濃郁，細嫩(nen)(nen)多膠質，肥而不膩，回味(wei)(wei)無(wu)窮。

2、安全要求(qiu)。產品(pin)執(zhi)行(xing)NY5029-2001《無公害食品(pin) 豬肉》的(de)規定(ding)。