一.產品介紹
慶元(yuan)(yuan)縣是國(guo)(guo)內率(lv)先取得(de)灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)人(ren)工(gong)栽(zai)培(pei)成(cheng)功的地(di)區和全國(guo)(guo)最(zui)大的灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)主產(chan)地(di)。1985年(nian)慶元(yuan)(yuan)縣食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)科研(yan)(yan)中心吳(wu)克甸等發表了國(guo)(guo)內首篇灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)人(ren)工(gong)栽(zai)培(pei)技術論文《灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)栽(zai)培(pei)初探(tan)》,九十年(nian)代起大面積(ji)推(tui)廣(guang),目前全縣年(nian)產(chan)量8000多噸,占全國(guo)(guo)總總量80%以(yi)上,產(chan)業總產(chan)值超3億元(yuan)(yuan)。 1998年(nian),慶元(yuan)(yuan)縣食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)研(yan)(yan)究科研(yan)(yan)中心承擔(dan)的“灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)高產(chan)栽(zai)培(pei)技術推(tui)廣(guang)”獲(huo)麗水市農業豐收獎(jiang)一等獎(jiang)。2002年(nian),慶元(yuan)(yuan)研(yan)(yan)發的“麥特(te)消(xiao)”灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)膠囊藥(yao)品獲(huo)得(de)國(guo)(guo)家(jia)藥(yao)字號。2009年(nian),慶元(yuan)(yuan)黃田(tian)鎮被中國(guo)(guo)食(shi)(shi)用菌(jun)協會授予“中國(guo)(guo)灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)之鄉”稱號。
二(er).自然生態環境和人文(wen)歷史因(yin)素
1、生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)。慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)縣是(shi)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)第一縣”。是(shi)甌江、閩(min)江、福安江的發(fa)(fa)源(yuan)地(di)(di)。土地(di)(di)面積(ji)1898平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)林(lin)(lin)(lin)業用(yong)(yong)地(di)(di)1678平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)、農業耕(geng)地(di)(di)106平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi)、溪流(liu)水(shui)域27平(ping)方(fang)千米(mi)(mi),有(you)(you)“九山(shan)(shan)(shan)半水(shui)半分田(tian)”之說。擁有(you)(you)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場、實驗林(lin)(lin)(lin)場、產業公(gong)司等國有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)場和(he)一批鄉(鎮)、村集體林(lin)(lin)(lin),各地(di)(di)還(huan)營建菇木、竹筍(sun)、柑橘、錐栗等經濟林(lin)(lin)(lin)基地(di)(di)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣16萬(wan)余公(gong)頃(qing)山(shan)(shan)(shan)林(lin)(lin)(lin)有(you)(you)林(lin)(lin)(lin)木蓄積(ji)量(liang)846萬(wan)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi),立竹量(liang)54520400萬(wan)株,森林(lin)(lin)(lin)覆蓋(gai)率達(da)86%,是(shi)浙江省(sheng)8個林(lin)(lin)(lin)業重點(dian)(dian)(dian)縣之一。生(sheng)產用(yong)(yong)水(shui)主要(yao)為(wei)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui),水(shui)質優良,符合(he)人畜飲(yin)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)標準。豐富的自然資源(yuan),良好的生(sheng)態(tai)環(huan)境(jing),是(shi)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)無(wu)(wu)公(gong)害化(hua)(hua)栽(zai)培的堅實基礎,能很(hen)好的滿(man)足慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)對(dui)環(huan)境(jing)的嚴(yan)格要(yao)求。 2、土壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)。慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)地(di)(di)形(xing)屬(shu)浙西南(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu),有(you)(you)溪谷(gu)(gu)、盆(pen)地(di)(di)、丘陵、低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)等多種(zhong)地(di)(di)貌(mao),地(di)(di)勢由東(dong)北向西南(nan)傾斜。東(dong)、北部(bu)為(wei)洞宮山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)所踞,多崇山(shan)(shan)(shan)峻嶺(ling)(ling)、深谷(gu)(gu)陡坡,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1500米(mi)(mi)以上山(shan)(shan)(shan)峰有(you)(you)23座,主峰百(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)祖海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1856.7米(mi)(mi),為(wei)浙江省(sheng)第二高峰,山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆(pen)(谷(gu)(gu))相對(dui)高度(du)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)600米(mi)(mi)—800米(mi)(mi);西南(nan)部(bu)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)是(shi)仙霞嶺(ling)(ling)——楓嶺(ling)(ling)余脈(mo),地(di)(di)勢較東(dong)、北部(bu)平(ping)緩,谷(gu)(gu)地(di)(di)較寬,山(shan)(shan)(shan)間盆(pen)(谷(gu)(gu))地(di)(di)相對(dui)高度(du)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)330—600米(mi)(mi),新窯村海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)240米(mi)(mi),是(shi)全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣最低(di)點(dian)(dian)(dian)。全(quan)(quan)(quan)縣800米(mi)(mi)以下(xia)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)主要(yao)是(shi)紅壤(rang),僅在海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)750-800米(mi)(mi)以上的山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)有(you)(you)黃壤(rang)分布。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)、西部(bu)低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵河谷(gu)(gu)小平(ping)原和(he)東(dong)南(nan)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)臺地(di)(di)的山(shan)(shan)(shan)壟、山(shan)(shan)(shan)坡及(ji)洪積(ji)地(di)(di)等開闊平(ping)緩地(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)(qu)分布著由各種(zhong)自然土壤(rang)經長(chang)期(qi)灌水(shui)耕(geng)種(zhong)熟化(hua)(hua)發(fa)(fa)育而(er)成水(shui)稻土。適宜(yi)的海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔(ba)高度(du)、土壤(rang)條件是(shi)慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)生(sheng)長(chang)的必要(yao)條件。 3、氣候特點(dian)(dian)(dian)。氣候屬(shu)亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)氣候,溫暖濕(shi)潤,四季(ji)分明,年平(ping)均氣溫17.4℃,降水(shui)量(liang)1760毫米(mi)(mi),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)245天,氣候總體特點(dian)(dian)(dian)是(shi)冬無(wu)(wu)嚴(yan)寒,夏(xia)無(wu)(wu)酷暑。就(jiu)局部(bu)而(er)言,東(dong)、北部(bu)氣溫較之西南(nan)部(bu)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)低(di),無(wu)(wu)霜(shuang)期(qi)短,晝夜溫差大。亞熱帶(dai)季(ji)風(feng)性濕(shi)潤氣候最宜(yi)于慶(qing)(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)樹(shu)花(hua)(hua)等菌類(lei)生(sheng)長(chang)。
三.地域范圍
慶元縣(xian)地(di)(di)處浙江省西南部(bu),東、南、西三面與福建壽寧、政(zheng)和(he)、松(song)溪3縣(xian)交界,北與浙江省龍泉市、景寧畬族(zu)自治縣(xian)接壤。南北長49千米,東西寬67千米,總面積1898平(ping)方千米,人口(kou)20萬(wan)。慶元灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花農產(chan)品地(di)(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)(di)域(yu)保護(hu)范圍為(wei):黃田鎮、嶺頭(tou)鄉(xiang)、濛洲(zhou)街道(dao)、竹口(kou)鎮、五大堡鄉(xiang)等(deng)3個(ge)街道(dao),6個(ge)鎮,10個(ge)鄉(xiang),19個(ge)鄉(xiang)級(ji)政(zheng)區及8個(ge)社區、345個(ge)村民委員(yuan)會。地(di)(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)為(wei)北緯27°25′~27°51′,東經118°50′~119°30′。以(yi)慶元縣(xian)縣(xian)域(yu)邊(bian)界內耕地(di)(di)為(wei)主,保護(hu)面積120平(ping)方公里。慶元灰(hui)(hui)樹(shu)花生產(chan)規模一直穩定200公頃,栽培量1800萬(wan)袋左右,年鮮(xian)產(chan)量達(da)8000噸以(yi)上(shang)。
四(si).產品(pin)品(pin)質特(te)(te)性特(te)(te)征
1、形態特(te)征 慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)子(zi)實體簇生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)葉(xie)片,整(zheng)體呈(cheng)半球形,直徑一般為(wei)15厘米(mi)左右,基部相連,珊瑚狀(zhuang)(zhuang)分枝。葉(xie)片灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)褐(he)色,扇形或匙形。葉(xie)片表面有(you)(you)放射狀(zhuang)(zhuang)條(tiao)紋(wen),邊緣薄(bo);背面白色,滿布菌管孔(kong)。子(zi)實體肉(rou)質(zhi)脆嫩,有(you)(you)獨特(te)香(xiang)味。 2、品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)特(te)色 慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)子(zi)實體肉(rou)質(zhi)柔軟,脆嫩味美,味如(ru)雞(ji)絲(si),脆似玉蘭(lan),有(you)(you)松口蘑的香(xiang)味,可以烹制成多(duo)種(zhong)佳(jia)肴;子(zi)實體營養豐富,富含(han)(han)蛋白質(zhi)、鐵、硒、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素B1、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素B2、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素E、氨基酸,并含(han)(han)有(you)(you)β-葡聚糖(tang)為(wei)主的灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)多(duo)糖(tang)等活(huo)性成份,具有(you)(you)提(ti)高人體免(mian)疫(yi)功(gong)能、預(yu)防糖(tang)尿病(bing)和抗腫瘤等作(zuo)用。經農業(ye)部農產(chan)品(pin)(pin)及(ji)(ji)轉基因產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)監督檢驗測試中心檢測,慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)蛋白質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)20%~30%;粗(cu)(cu)脂肪(fang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)2%~5%;粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)7%~10%;灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)分含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)5%~8%;粗(cu)(cu)多(duo)糖(tang)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)6%~9%。因此,灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)具有(you)(you)很好的保(bao)(bao)健(jian)作(zuo)用和很高的藥(yao)用價值(zhi),是一種(zhong)高級保(bao)(bao)健(jian)食品(pin)(pin)。 3、質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)規定 慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)按照(zhao)《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)》(DB331126/T18—2007)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)進行(xing)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)化(hua)栽培。質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)安(an)全(quan)(quan)采用對(dui)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)蛋白質(zhi)、粗(cu)(cu)多(duo)糖(tang)等理化(hua)指標(biao)以及(ji)(ji)衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)等的檢測、監控(kong)而得以控(kong)制,慶(qing)元(yuan)灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)品(pin)(pin)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)按《灰(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)(hui)樹(shu)(shu)花(hua)(hua)》(NY/T 446-2001)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)執行(xing),衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)嚴格按照(zhao)《食用菌衛生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)》(GB 7096-2003)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)執行(xing)。
五.特定(ding)生產方式
1、栽培(pei)(pei)品種(zhong):慶灰151、慶灰152。 2、栽培(pei)(pei)環境(jing):生產用水應符(fu)(fu)合GB5749規定;生產環境(jing)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)質量應符(fu)(fu)合GB3095一類(lei)區要求(qiu)。 3、菇棚由遮蔭高棚(外棚)和(he)拱形塑料(liao)(liao)大棚(內棚)組成。 4、菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒式栽培(pei)(pei)的(de)技術要點 4.1 栽培(pei)(pei)季(ji)節(jie)安排(pai):每年可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行(xing)春秋(qiu)兩(liang)季(ji)栽培(pei)(pei),春栽接(jie)種(zhong)1—2月(yue),秋(qiu)栽7—8月(yue),海拔愈(yu)高春栽接(jie)種(zhong)期愈(yu)遲,秋(qiu)栽則接(jie)種(zhong)期愈(yu)早(zao)。 4.2培(pei)(pei)養(yang)料(liao)(liao)配方:雜木(mu)屑34%、棉子(zi)殼34%、山表(biao)土10%、麥(mai)麩10%、玉米粉10%、紅糖1%、石(shi)膏1%,含水量60~65%。PH值6-6.5。原(yuan)材料(liao)(liao)要求(qiu)新鮮,無霉變,無摻(chan)假。 4.3菌(jun)(jun)(jun)棒制(zhi)作(zuo)流程:配料(liao)(liao)—攪拌—裝袋—滅菌(jun)(jun)(jun)—接(jie)種(zhong)—培(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)。 5、培(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)管理(li)(li):及(ji)時翻堆、刺孔增(zeng)(zeng)氧、發菌(jun)(jun)(jun)檢查及(ji)通風(feng)(feng)降溫(wen)(wen),調節(jie)適宜(yi)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)、光、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)培(pei)(pei)菌(jun)(jun)(jun)條件。 6、出菇管理(li)(li) 菌(jun)(jun)(jun)絲(si)布滿全袋后,在溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20℃左右即可(ke)(ke)進(jin)行(xing)割口,同時提高出菇場地(di)的(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)相對濕(shi)度(du)至85%-90%,保持(chi)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)20-25℃,相應增(zeng)(zeng)加光照強(qiang)度(du),7天左右形成子(zi)實(shi)體原(yuan)基。之后子(zi)實(shi)體將進(jin)入分化生長階段,要加強(qiang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕(shi)度(du)、空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)合理(li)(li)調控,隨著子(zi)實(shi)體的(de)生長,必須加強(qiang)通風(feng)(feng),以保持(chi)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)清新,同時逐步增(zeng)(zeng)加光照強(qiang)度(du)。經(jing)20-25天的(de)培(pei)(pei)養(yang),子(zi)實(shi)體即可(ke)(ke)成熟(shu)采收(shou)。
六.包(bao)裝(zhuang)標識相關規定
按(an)照農業部(bu)關于農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding),對(dui)慶元(yuan)灰樹花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)做如下規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding):凡在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)范(fan)圍內生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)慶元(yuan)灰樹花(hua),并按(an)照慶元(yuan)灰樹花(hua)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)質量(liang)控制規(gui)程規(gui)范(fan)種植(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)種植(zhi)戶,在(zai)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)和(he)包裝上使用(yong)已(yi)獲得的(de)(de)(de)慶元(yuan)灰樹花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),須向登記證書持有(you)(you)人(ren)提出(chu)申請,并簽訂相關合同,按(an)照相關要求規(gui)范(fan)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)和(he)使用(yong)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi),統(tong)一采用(yong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)名稱和(he)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)公共標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)相結(jie)合的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)識(shi)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)注方法。縣級以上人(ren)民政(zheng)府農業行政(zheng)主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)對(dui)慶元(yuan)灰樹花(hua)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)負有(you)(you)監督(du)(du)管理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)職能,定(ding)(ding)(ding)期對(dui)登記的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)域范(fan)圍、標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)使用(yong)等(deng)進行監督(du)(du)檢查(cha)。鼓勵單位和(he)個人(ren)對(dui)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)進行社會監督(du)(du)。使用(yong)本地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)生產(chan)(chan)(chan)經營(ying)(ying)者(zhe),對(dui)地(di)(di)理(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)標(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)志(zhi)(zhi)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)和(he)信譽負責,違反本規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de),由(you)縣級以上人(ren)民政(zheng)府農業行政(zheng)主(zhu)管部(bu)門(men)依照《中華人(ren)民共和(he)國(guo)農產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質量(liang)安全(quan)法》有(you)(you)關規(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)處罰。