產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、外在感(gan)官特征:薯(shu)塊長紡(fang)錘,表皮光滑,紫紅色;薯(shu)肉乳白(bai)色。平均單塊重200g,最大(da)達到450g。熟食甜(tian)面,纖維(wei)少,口(kou)感(gan)細膩,適口(kou)性好。2、內在品質指(zhi)標:黑山地瓜總糖(tang)(以葡(pu)萄糖(tang)計)3.5~5.5g/100g,蛋白(bai)質3~4.5g/100g,淀粉率(lv)>20%,鉀180~220mg/100g。
地域范圍
黑山(shan)(shan)地瓜保護范圍位于東經(jing)121°49′-122°36′,北緯41°28′-42°8′。涵蓋英城子鄉(xiang)、新立屯(tun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、薛屯(tun)鄉(xiang)、芳山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、八道壕鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白廠(chang)門(men)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、太和鎮(zhen)(zhen)、無梁殿鎮(zhen)(zhen)、鎮(zhen)(zhen)安(an)鄉(xiang)、胡家鎮(zhen)(zhen)、半拉門(men)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、繞陽河鎮(zhen)(zhen)、歷家鎮(zhen)(zhen)、姜屯(tun)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、新興鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大興鄉(xiang)、常興鎮(zhen)(zhen)、四家子鎮(zhen)(zhen)、大虎山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、段家鄉(xiang)、黑山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)21個鄉(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、62個村,總生產面積2萬(wan)畝,總產量3萬(wan)噸。
自然生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)和人文(wen)歷史因素
黑山縣處于溫帶(dai)(dai)半濕潤區(qu)內(nei),屬溫帶(dai)(dai)大(da)陸性(xing)季風氣候,四季分明,年平均(jun)氣溫8℃;年平均(jun)降水量為(wei)568.4mm;無(wu)霜(shuang)期165天(tian)(tian);日照時數達3300-3500小時,雨(yu)熱(re)同(tong)季。區(qu)域內(nei)土地集中連片,土壤(rang)疏松肥沃、中性(xing)偏酸、降雨(yu)偏少、日照充(chong)足、晝夜溫差大(da),有利于地瓜養分的(de)積累,具有生產優質地瓜得天(tian)(tian)獨厚的(de)自然(ran)條件。
五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式
1、品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇:以傳統(tong)老品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)為主,代(dai)表品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)為“早豐”。
2、培育壯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao):2.1、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)準(zhun)備(bei):采(cai)用(yong)釀熱(re)溫(wen)(wen)床(chuang)育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。選擇地下水(shui)位(wei)低(di)(di)、排(pai)水(shui)方便、避風(feng)向陽的(de)地塊作苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)做成寬1.3m左右(you)(you),長(chang)度(du)視地形和需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)而定(一般每畝大田需(xu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)3平(ping)方米左右(you)(you)),便于管理,深度(du)40—50cm,床(chuang)底挖(wa)成龜(gui)背形。2.2、填(tian)放(fang)釀熱(re)物(wu):將新鮮豬牛(niu)糞、作物(wu)秸稈等釀熱(re)物(wu)分(fen)層墊(dian)放(fang),厚度(du)50cm左右(you)(you)。然(ran)后(hou)(hou)在釀熱(re)物(wu)上鋪5—8cm厚的(de)肥土(tu)(tu)。2.3、排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)及種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)消(xiao)毒:3月(yue)上旬開(kai)始育苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)溫(wen)(wen)在14℃以上才(cai)能排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)密度(du)22.5—25kg/平(ping)方米。排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)前將種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)薯(shu)用(yong)25%多菌靈粉(fen)劑500倍液浸10分(fen)鐘(zhong)消(xiao)毒。排(pai)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)后(hou)(hou)覆(fu)細沙土(tu)(tu)5cm左右(you)(you),蓋土(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)用(yong)地膜(mo)低(di)(di)拱覆(fu)蓋保溫(wen)(wen)。2.4、苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)管理:要(yao)(yao)(yao)堅(jian)持(chi)前期(qi)(qi)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)催(cui)芽,中期(qi)(qi)適溫(wen)(wen)長(chang)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),后(hou)(hou)期(qi)(qi)低(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)的(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)控制原則,前期(qi)(qi)床(chuang)溫(wen)(wen)保持(chi)在30—35℃,薯(shu)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)長(chang)至6—7葉時(shi)(shi),轉(zhuan)入(ru)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)為主,在氣溫(wen)(wen)不低(di)(di)于20℃時(shi)(shi),揭膜(mo)煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao),經3—5天煉(lian)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)后(hou)(hou)即可剪苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)栽插。苗(miao)(miao)(miao)(miao)床(chuang)不宜過干(gan)或(huo)過濕,床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)發白要(yao)(yao)(yao)少量澆水(shui),保持(chi)床(chuang)土(tu)(tu)濕潤。
3、大田(tian)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)培(pei)技(ji)術:3.1、選地(di)(di)整(zheng)地(di)(di):選擇(ze)土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)沃(wo)、地(di)(di)勢(shi)平(ping)坦、排灌(guan)方(fang)便、耕(geng)(geng)(geng)作層深厚、土(tu)(tu)質疏松(song)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)塊。3.2、精(jing)準施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei):肥(fei)(fei)料要符合(he)(he)NY/T496-2010的(de)(de)規定(ding)。基肥(fei)(fei):秋天結合(he)(he)整(zheng)地(di)(di)每畝(mu)(mu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入2000Kg以(yi)上優(you)質有(you)機肥(fei)(fei),以(yi)優(you)質雞糞、豬糞為(wei)主(zhu)。移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)前結合(he)(he)起壟(long)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)入50-80Kg復合(he)(he)肥(fei)(fei)或(huo)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)磷酸(suan)(suan)二銨10-20Kg,硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀20-25Kg,尿素(su)5-10Kg。追肥(fei)(fei),追肥(fei)(fei)分(fen)兩次施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong),移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)成(cheng)活后新蔓長5—10cm時(shi)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)肥(fei)(fei),追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)尿素(su)5—7kg/畝(mu)(mu),移(yi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)后50—60天,結合(he)(he)中耕(geng)(geng)(geng)追施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)10kg/畝(mu)(mu)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)專用(yong)肥(fei)(fei)加硫酸(suan)(suan)鉀5kg/畝(mu)(mu)。3.3、合(he)(he)理(li)密(mi)(mi)植(zhi):黑山(shan)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)插(cha)密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)應(ying)根據土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)(fei)力(li)、施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)確定(ding),肥(fei)(fei)地(di)(di)宜稀薄地(di)(di)宜密(mi)(mi),一般密(mi)(mi)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)5000株/畝(mu)(mu)。3.4、適(shi)時(shi)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)插(cha):當10cm地(di)(di)溫(wen)穩(wen)定(ding)通過17℃為(wei)栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)插(cha)的(de)(de)上限。爭取在(zai)5月下旬插(cha)完。采(cai)用(yong)斜(xie)插(cha)法(fa),要求(qiu)(qiu)薯苗(miao)(miao)(miao)長有(you)5—7個節,入土(tu)(tu)3—4個節,露出2葉1心。3.5、查田(tian)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao):在(zai)插(cha)后3—7天要及時(shi)查田(tian)補苗(miao)(miao)(miao),對補栽(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)苗(miao)(miao)(miao)要實行重(zhong)點管理(li)。3.6、適(shi)時(shi)灌(guan)溉(gai):水(shui)(shui)質要求(qiu)(qiu)按SL207 節水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)技(ji)術要求(qiu)(qiu)執行。灌(guan)溉(gai)方(fang)式(shi)采(cai)取滴(di)灌(guan)、噴灌(guan)或(huo)溝灌(guan)。3.7、中耕(geng)(geng)(geng)除草:在(zai)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)封(feng)壟(long)前,中耕(geng)(geng)(geng)除草2—3次。3.8、病蟲(chong)害防治:使用(yong)的(de)(de)農(nong)藥應(ying)符合(he)(he)GB4285、GB/T8321-2000、NY/T393-2000的(de)(de)規定(ding)。3.9、黑山(shan)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)收(shou)獲(huo)期:黑山(shan)地(di)(di)瓜(gua)在(zai)9月末至10月初收(shou)獲(huo)為(wei)宜。3.10、收(shou)獲(huo)方(fang)法(fa):人工收(shou)獲(huo):適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積較小(xiao)的(de)(de)農(nong)戶。畜力(li)收(shou)獲(huo):適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)幾十畝(mu)(mu)種(zhong)植(zhi)面(mian)積的(de)(de)中等農(nong)戶。多數采(cai)用(yong)“腳底鏵”。機械收(shou)獲(huo):適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)種(zhong)植(zhi)大戶。3.11、安全儲(chu)藏(zang):保持(chi)適(shi)宜的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)、濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)是貯藏(zang)好地(di)(di)瓜(gua)的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)。保持(chi)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)11~13℃,相(xiang)對濕(shi)度(du)(du)(du)85%~90%。
六.包裝標識相關規(gui)定
協議:明確標志(zhi)使(shi)用范圍、使(shi)用對象、使(shi)用方法。簽(qian)訂協議后,按照(zhao)(zhao)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)管理(li)規定操作。包(bao)裝(zhuang):銷(xiao)售(shou)的地(di)瓜按照(zhao)(zhao)《中華人(ren)民共和國農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)質量安全法》的相(xiang)關(guan)規定進(jin)行包(bao)裝(zhuang)。標識:標志(zhi)使(shi)用人(ren)應該在(zai)其產(chan)品(pin)或包(bao)裝(zhuang)上(shang)統(tong)一使(shi)用農(nong)產(chan)品(pin)地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)(黑山地(di)瓜名稱和公共標識圖案組合標注形式)。