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一.產品介紹

阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)區自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)史以(yi)來，當地(di)牧(mu)民(min)(min)(min)就有(you)(you)(you)從事山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)，距(ju)今(jin)已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)300多(duo)年(nian)歷(li)史。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)型(xing)(xing)白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)屬克什米爾絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)一支，是(shi)在阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)特(te)定生(sheng)態條件(jian)下，經(jing)長期自(zi)然(ran)選擇和(he)人工培育(yu)（本品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選育(yu)）而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)地(di)方良種(zhong)(zhong)。1988年(nian)被(bei)自(zi)治區政府命名(ming)為(wei)內蒙古(gu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)——阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)型(xing)(xing)，是(shi)內蒙古(gu)白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)三大類型(xing)(xing)之(zhi)一，屬絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)肉(rou)兼用(yong)型(xing)(xing)，以(yi)其絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)細柔（絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)細度(du)為(wei)13—15um）、光(guang)澤(ze)好等(deng)特(te)性馳名(ming)中(zhong)外，曾榮獲意大利(li)“柴格那(nei)”絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)獎和(he)中(zhong)國第二屆農業(ye)博覽(lan)會金(jin)獎。在歷(li)史上(shang)，阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)被(bei)賜名(ming)為(wei)“軟黃金(jin)”，定為(wei)朝廷貢品(pin)(pin)。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)蒙古(gu)族冬季(ji)服(fu)飾、被(bei)褥、毛(mao)氈、面袋(dai)、繩(sheng)(sheng)子及山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)高(gao)端產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)(pin)等(deng)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)多(duo)以(yi)阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)（毛(mao)）制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)，因此產(chan)(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了花色品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)樣(yang)的(de)(de)(de)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)制(zhi)品(pin)(pin)、服(fu)飾文化(hua)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)毛(mao)、胡(hu)子可做(zuo)狼(lang)毫、毛(mao)刷等(deng)生(sheng)活(huo)(huo)(huo)用(yong)品(pin)(pin)，頭骨、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)皮(pi)可做(zuo)工藝飾品(pin)(pin)和(he)紀念品(pin)(pin)。山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶和(he)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)是(shi)當地(di)傳(chuan)統飲食文化(hua)重要組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng)部分(fen)。當地(di)牧(mu)民(min)(min)(min)喜(xi)愛將羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)奶制(zhi)成(cheng)(cheng)酸奶、奶酪(lao)、酥油、奶皮(pi)、奶茶、奶酒等(deng)食用(yong)。平日宴請則以(yi)手(shou)抓羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)為(wei)主，還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)血(xue)腸、“古(gu)日勒岱”、“祖日木”、“夏日子”、干(gan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)、羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)肉(rou)餃子等(deng)。在傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)那(nei)達慕盛會上(shang)與白(bai)(bai)(bai)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)養(yang)殖文化(hua)有(you)(you)(you)密切聯系的(de)(de)(de)表演和(he)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)有(you)(you)(you)：搓毛(mao)繩(sheng)(sheng)、騸(shan)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)、種(zhong)(zhong)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)評(ping)比、宰羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(剝皮(pi)、洗雜碎(sui)、剔羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)骨)比賽(sai)、撒羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)拐(guai)等(deng)內容。阿(a)拉(la)善(shan)(shan)(shan)蒙古(gu)族還(huan)保留著傳(chuan)統的(de)(de)(de)祭(ji)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)，它(ta)是(shi)一種(zhong)(zhong)集宗教信仰、傳(chuan)統生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)、人文思想為(wei)一體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)(min)間活(huo)(huo)(huo)動(dong)，分(fen)為(wei)祭(ji)公羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)祭(ji)母(mu)羊(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。

二(er).自然生態(tai)環(huan)境和(he)人(ren)文歷(li)史因素

1、地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌情況(kuang)：阿拉善盟(meng)地(di)(di)(di)(di)形(xing)呈南高北低狀平均海拔900—1400米，地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌類型有沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)戈(ge)壁(bi)、山地(di)(di)(di)(di)、低山丘陵(ling)、湖盆(pen)(pen)、起伏(fu)灘(tan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)等。土(tu)(tu)壤受地(di)(di)(di)(di)貌及生物(wu)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件(jian)影響，具有明顯的(de)地(di)(di)(di)(di)帶性分布特征，由東南向西北依次分布有灰(hui)鈣土(tu)(tu)、灰(hui)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)、灰(hui)棕漠(mo)(mo)(mo)土(tu)(tu)。在盆(pen)(pen)湖和低洼地(di)(di)(di)(di)區有鹽堿土(tu)(tu)和沼(zhao)澤土(tu)(tu)。著名的(de)巴丹(dan)吉林、騰(teng)格(ge)里、烏蘭布和三大沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)橫貫全境，陰山余(yu)脈與大片沙(sha)漠(mo)(mo)(mo)、起伏(fu)灘(tan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)、剝蝕殘丘相間(jian)分布。 

2、水文情況：黃河(he)流經阿拉善(shan)左旗(qi)的(de)烏(wu)素圖、巴彥木仁蘇木，在境(jing)內流程(cheng)達85公(gong)(gong)里，年入境(jing)流量(liang)(liang)300多億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。額(e)(e)濟(ji)納河(he)是盟內唯一的(de)季節性內陸(lu)河(he)流，發源于祁連山北(bei)麓，流至巴彥寶(bao)格德水閘分二支。西(xi)為木仁高勒，注入西(xi)居延(yan)海；東為鄂木訥高勒，夏季分數支，注入東居延(yan)海、京斯(si)田淖爾和沙日淖爾。額(e)(e)濟(ji)納河(he)在盟境(jing)內流程(cheng)200多公(gong)(gong)里，年流量(liang)(liang)10億立方(fang)(fang)米(mi)。賀蘭(lan)山、雅(ya)布(bu)賴(lai)山，龍首(shou)山等(deng)山區許多沖(chong)溝中一般有(you)(you)潛水，有(you)(you)些山露成泉(quan)。在三大沙漠中分布(bu)有(you)(you)大小不等(deng)的(de)湖盆500多個，面積(ji)(ji)約(yue)1.1萬平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里，其中草地湖盆面積(ji)(ji)1.07萬平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里，集水湖面積(ji)(ji)400多平(ping)方(fang)(fang)公(gong)(gong)里，地表水礦化度(du)1—2克/升。 

3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況：地處亞洲大(da)(da)(da)陸腹地，為內陸高(gao)原(yuan)，遠離(li)海(hai)洋，周圍群(qun)山環抱，形成(cheng)典型的大(da)(da)(da)陸性氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候，氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候條件惡劣。干旱少雨(yu)、風(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)(da)(da)沙多(duo)(duo)，四季(ji)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)候特(te)征(zheng)明顯，晝夜溫(wen)差大(da)(da)(da)。年(nian)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)6-8.5℃，1月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-9—14℃。極端最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-36.4℃；7月(yue)平(ping)均氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)22—26.4℃，極端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)41.7℃。年(nian)平(ping)均無霜(shuang)期(qi)130-165天(tian)。由(you)于受東(dong)(dong)南(nan)季(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)影響(xiang)，雨(yu)季(ji)多(duo)(duo)集(ji)中在(zai)七、八、九月(yue)。降雨(yu)量(liang)從東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的200多(duo)(duo)毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)，向(xiang)西北部(bu)(bu)遞減至40毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)以(yi)下(xia)；而蒸發量(liang)由(you)東(dong)(dong)南(nan)部(bu)(bu)的2400毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)向(xiang)西北部(bu)(bu)遞增到(dao)4200毫米(mi)(mi)(mi)。年(nian)日(ri)照(zhao)時(shi)數(shu)達2600-3500小(xiao)時(shi)，年(nian)太陽總輻射量(liang)147-165千卡/千方厘米(mi)(mi)(mi)。多(duo)(duo)西北風(feng)(feng)(feng)，平(ping)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)速每秒(miao)2.9—5米(mi)(mi)(mi)，年(nian)均風(feng)(feng)(feng)日(ri)70天(tian)左右。在(zai)這種(zhong)(zhong)典型的荒漠(mo)草(cao)原(yuan)地理(li)環境中經過自(zi)然選擇和演化，形成(cheng)了獨特(te)的阿(a)拉(la)善白絨(rong)山羊適應性和種(zhong)(zhong)質類型。

三.地域范圍

阿拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)白(bai)絨山(shan)羊主(zhu)要產(chan)自(zi)(zi)于內蒙古自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)最西端(duan)阿拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)盟，地(di)域保護范圍包括阿拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)左旗、阿拉(la)(la)(la)善(shan)右(you)旗、額濟納(na)旗等三個(ge)現轄(xia)行政區(qu)域。包括巴(ba)彥浩特鎮、額肯呼都格鎮、達來庫(ku)布鎮等23個(ge)蘇木鎮。盟境(jing)西與(yu)甘肅省酒(jiu)泉市(shi)、張掖市(shi)、金昌市(shi)、武威市(shi)、白(bai)銀(yin)市(shi)相(xiang)連，東(dong)南隔賀蘭山(shan)與(yu)寧夏回族自(zi)(zi)治區(qu)中(zhong)衛市(shi)、吳忠市(shi)、銀(yin)川市(shi)、石嘴山(shan)市(shi)相(xiang)望(wang)，東(dong)北(bei)與(yu)巴(ba)彥淖爾(er)市(shi)、烏海(hai)市(shi)、鄂爾(er)多斯市(shi)接壤，北(bei)與(yu)蒙古國交界。地(di)理坐標：東(dong)經97°10′—106°52′，北(bei)緯(wei)37°21′—42°47′之間，總面積(ji)27萬平方公里。

四(si).產品品質特性特征

1、外(wai)貌特征：阿拉善白(bai)絨(rong)(rong)山羊(yang)體(ti)軀結構勻稱，骨(gu)骼結實(shi)，四肢強(qiang)健(jian)有力，公母羊(yang)均有角，額部(bu)有半彎形粗毛(mao)(mao)，須長(chang)頸粗，體(ti)形長(chang)方，全(quan)身被毛(mao)(mao)純(chun)白(bai)，分內(nei)外(wai)兩層，外(wai)層為有髓粗毛(mao)(mao)，長(chang)10—30厘米，內(nei)層為無髓絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)，自然厚(hou)度4—5厘米，絨(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)與(yu)粗毛(mao)(mao)混(hun)生，腰毛(mao)(mao)較短。公羊(yang)體(ti)重45公斤(jin)，母羊(yang)體(ti)重35公斤(jin)。 

2、品種適應(ying)性(xing)：阿拉善白絨山羊體質(zhi)結實，抗(kang)旱抗(kang)病(bing)能力強，耐粗飼、耐鹽堿、耐酷暑嚴寒，在自然狀態(tai)(tai)下適應(ying)范圍廣，通(tong)過(guo)長(chang)期(qi)進化(hua)，具備(bei)了(le)穩定的生(sheng)態(tai)(tai)性(xing)。 

3、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)內在(zai)品質(zhi)：阿拉(la)善白(bai)絨山(shan)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)具有(you)香味(wei)濃郁(yu)的特點(dian)、鮮(xian)嫩多汁(zhi)、無膻味(wei)、肥(fei)而不膩、色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)鮮(xian)美(mei)、肉(rou)(rou)(rou)層(ceng)厚(hou)實(shi)緊湊。鮮(xian)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微干(gan)或有(you)風(feng)(feng)干(gan)膜(mo)、不粘手(shou)，肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)色(se)(se)澤(ze)(ze)(ze)鮮(xian)紅或深紅、有(you)光澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、脂肪(fang)(fang)呈乳白(bai)色(se)(se)，肌纖維(wei)致密、堅實(shi)、有(you)彈性(xing)(xing)、指(zhi)壓后(hou)的凹陷立即恢(hui)復；凍羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)外表微干(gan)或有(you)風(feng)(feng)干(gan)膜(mo)、或濕潤、不粘手(shou)，肌肉(rou)(rou)(rou)有(you)光澤(ze)(ze)(ze)、色(se)(se)鮮(xian)艷，肉(rou)(rou)(rou)質(zhi)緊密，有(you)堅實(shi)感、肌纖維(wei)韌(ren)性(xing)(xing)強(qiang)。脂肪(fang)(fang)呈乳白(bai)色(se)(se)。每百(bai)克鮮(xian)羊(yang)肉(rou)(rou)(rou)中蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)含量(liang)高于16.00%，脂肪(fang)(fang)含量(liang)在(zai)3.00%左右，富含17種(zhong)氨基酸，總氨基酸含量(liang)在(zai)29.62%左右。