電風扇工作(zuo)原理及檢修
風扇的分類:
散熱風扇通常分(fen)為以下三類(lei):
軸(zhou)流式(shi):氣流出口方向(xiang)與(yu)軸(zhou)心方向(xiang)相同。
離(li)心(xin)式:利用離(li)心(xin)力作用將氣流沿著葉片(pian)向外(wai)甩出。
混流(liu)式:擁(yong)有以上兩(liang)種氣流(liu)方式。
電風扇電路圖
以上是比較常見(jian)的(de)家用電風扇(shan)(shan)的(de)電路圖,從中我們也不難看出(chu)它的(de)一(yi)些原理,但是現在電風扇(shan)(shan)產品(pin)越來(lai)越多,其電路圖也越來(lai)越復雜,但是還(huan)是萬(wan)變不離其中。
電風扇工作原理
電風(feng)扇中(zhong)的(de)電流是(shi)交流電,主(zhu)要(yao)的(de)工(gong)作原理(li)就是(shi)通(tong)電線圈在(zai)(zai)磁場中(zhong)受(shou)力而(er)轉(zhuan)動。電能轉(zhuan)化為(wei)機械能,轉(zhuan)動風(feng)葉,同(tong)時(shi)由于線圈電阻(zu),會(hui)產生一(yi)些熱(re)能,所以一(yi)般(ban)電風(feng)扇使用過久表面會(hui)熱(re)。電風(feng)扇的(de)原理(li)比(bi)較簡單,一(yi)般(ban)在(zai)(zai)初中(zhong)的(de)物理(li)課(ke)程上都(dou)會(hui)學到。
電風扇轉不動的原因
首先還是要確定一下是不是一些外部原因。諸如插頭沒有插好,風扇開關沒有全部開啟,一般的風扇還應該注意是否定時的關掉了,如果這些都沒有問題的話,就可能是電風扇扇本身的原因。
電(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇本身的(de)(de)原因(yin)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)包括(kuo)了(le)風(feng)(feng)葉可(ke)(ke)能(neng)太久(jiu)了(le),電(dian)(dian)機的(de)(de)內(nei)阻變(bian)大(da),導致風(feng)(feng)葉無法正常轉動;風(feng)(feng)扇過熱(re)引起了(le)電(dian)(dian)機帶(dai)負載能(neng)力變(bian)差(cha),導致無法轉動;電(dian)(dian)機內(nei)部的(de)(de)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置過熱(re)短路;電(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇的(de)(de)啟動電(dian)(dian)容容量變(bian)小;電(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇轉軸軸向間(jian)隙過大(da)也會引發電(dian)(dian)風(feng)(feng)扇問題。
電風扇轉不動的修理方法
先檢(jian)查一下電(dian)(dian)(dian)風扇(shan)以外的(de)問題(ti)(ti)是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)全(quan)部都弄妥(tuo)當了;然(ran)后如果是(shi)風葉不(bu)轉(zhuan)的(de)話就關閉電(dian)(dian)(dian)源,在風葉轉(zhuan)動的(de)軸上面(mian)加一些(xie)潤滑油(you);其(qi)他的(de)問題(ti)(ti)可能就會涉(she)及到(dao)更換軸套(tao)、拆換電(dian)(dian)(dian)容、調整墊片、電(dian)(dian)(dian)線損壞更換電(dian)(dian)(dian)線等問題(ti)(ti),一般不(bu)是(shi)專業的(de)人(ren)員就要請維修師傅來(lai)看一下了,不(bu)過一般也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)好大(da)的(de)問題(ti)(ti),也(ye)花不(bu)了多(duo)少(shao)錢。
散熱風扇的原理及性能
原理:風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)工作(zuo)原(yuan)理是按能(neng)量轉化來實現的(de),即:電(dian)能(neng)→電(dian)磁(ci)能(neng)→機(ji)械能(neng)→動能(neng)。其電(dian)路原(yuan)理一(yi)般分為多種形式,采(cai)用的(de)電(dian)路不同,風(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng)就(jiu)會有差異。
轉 速:轉(zhuan)速(su)指(zhi)風扇旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)的速(su)度,通(tong)常以1分鐘內轉(zhuan)動的圈數來衡量,即:rpm。轉(zhuan)速(su)與機電繞線匝數、線徑(jing)、扇葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外徑(jing)與底(di)徑(jing),葉(xie)片形狀及所用(yong)軸承等(deng)因素有關,轉(zhuan)速(su)增大(da),風量相應增大(da)。
轉(zhuan)速值(zhi)的大小,在(zai)一(yi)定程度上代表了風(feng)(feng)(feng)量的大小,在(zai)條(tiao)件一(yi)定時(shi),轉(zhuan)速越(yue)大,則噪音及振(zhen)動會相應加大,因此,在(zai)風(feng)(feng)(feng)量滿足散熱要求的情況下,應盡量使用低(di)轉(zhuan)速風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)。一(yi)般轉(zhuan)速大小(以DC軸流(liu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)為例):2510風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)7000~12000rpm;3010風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)5000~9000rpm;4010風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)5000~7000rpm;5010風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)3500~5000rpm;6025風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2600~4500rpm;7025風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2400~3600rpm;8025風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2000~3500rpm;9225風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1600~3100rpm;12025風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)1500~2500rpm;12038風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)2000~3200rpm。
風扇(shan)轉速(su)可(ke)在啟動電(dian)腦時通過BIOS測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試,或通過其他主板自帶的監控軟件測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試;也可(ke)以通過轉速(su)測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)試。注意:前兩種(zhong)方式(shi)必須是支持測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)速(su)功能的風扇(shan)才能測(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)(ce)出。
風量與風壓:風(feng)量與風(feng)壓的(de)測試(shi)方法有兩種,一(yi)是(shi)用風(feng)洞儀測試(shi),另一(yi)種是(shi)用雙(shuang)箱法測。但對于一(yi)般用戶而言(yan),沒有這樣的(de)設備。只能根據(ju)廠家提供的(de)數據(ju)作(zuo)為參考,最(zui)終要(yao)看降溫效(xiao)果。
風(feng)(feng)(feng)量:風(feng)(feng)(feng)量是指風(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)通風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)平(ping)面(mian)速度之(zhi)積(ji)(ji)。通風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)是出口面(mian)積(ji)(ji)減去渦舌處(chu)的(de)投影面(mian)積(ji)(ji)。平(ping)面(mian)速度是氣流通過整(zheng)個平(ping)面(mian)的(de)氣體運動速度,單(dan)位是m3/s 。平(ping)面(mian)速度一(yi)定(ding)時(shi),扇(shan)葉(xie)葉(xie)輪外徑越大(da),通風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)越大(da),風(feng)(feng)(feng)量則越大(da)。平(ping)面(mian)速度由轉(zhuan)子的(de)轉(zhuan)速和風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓決(jue)定(ding)。通風(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)一(yi)定(ding)時(shi),平(ping)面(mian)速度越大(da),風(feng)(feng)(feng)量越大(da)。風(feng)(feng)(feng)量越大(da),空(kong)氣吸熱(re)量則越大(da),空(kong)氣流動轉(zhuan)移時(shi)能夠帶(dai)周能帶(dai)走更多的(de)熱(re)量,扇(shan)熱(re)效果越明顯。
風(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya):為進(jin)行正(zheng)常通(tong)風(feng),需要克服風(feng)扇通(tong)風(feng)行程內的(de)阻力(li)(li),風(feng)扇必(bi)須產生克服送風(feng)阻力(li)(li)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li),測量到的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)的(de)變化值稱為靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya),即最大靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)與大氣壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)差壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。它是氣體(ti)對平(ping)行于(yu)物體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)作用的(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li),靜壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)是通(tong)過垂直于(yu)其表(biao)面(mian)的(de)孔測量出來的(de)。把氣體(ti)流動中所需要動能轉(zhuan)化為壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)形式稱為動壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)。
為(wei)(wei)實(shi)現(xian)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)目的(de),需要有靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)(wei)靜(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)動(dong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)代數和,全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)是指由風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)所給定的(de)的(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)增加量(liang),即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)的(de)出口和進口之(zhi)間的(de)全(quan)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)之(zhi)差。在(zai)(zai)實(shi)際應用中,標(biao)稱(cheng)的(de)最(zui)大(da)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)值(zhi)并不(bu)是實(shi)際扇(shan)(shan)熱(re)片得(de)到的(de)送(song)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang),風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)大(da),并不(bu)代表通風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)能力強。因空氣流(liu)動(dong)時(shi),氣流(liu)在(zai)(zai)其流(liu)動(dong)路徑(jing)會遇上(shang)扇(shan)(shan)熱(re)稽片或元件的(de)阻擾,其阻抗會限制空氣自由流(liu)通。即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)增大(da)時(shi),風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)會減小。因此(ci)必須有一個最(zui)佳(jia)操作工作點(dian),即(ji)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)性(xing)能曲(qu)線(xian)與(yu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)阻曲(qu)線(xian)的(de)交點(dian)。在(zai)(zai)工作點(dian),風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)之(zhi)斜率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)小,而系統特(te)性(xing)曲(qu)線(xian)之(zhi)變化率(lv)(lv)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)低。注意此(ci)時(shi)的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan)靜(jing)態效率(lv)(lv)(風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)×風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)÷耗電)為(wei)(wei)最(zui)佳(jia)。 當然有時(shi)為(wei)(wei)了能減少系統阻抗,甚(shen)至選(xuan)用尺寸較小的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)扇(shan)(shan),也可以獲得(de)相同的(de)風(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)量(liang)。
風扇的軸承系統:
風扇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)一(yi)般(ban)建議(yi)最好選用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),因(yin)為(wei)扇(shan)熱(re)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壽命通常取決于其軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠性,滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)已被證(zheng)實具(ju)有(you)高(gao)效率與(yu)低(di)生(sheng)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)(te)點。滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)屬滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca),由(you)金(jin)屬珠(zhu)(zhu)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong),接觸面小(xiao)(xiao),摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數小(xiao)(xiao);而(er)含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca),接觸面大,長(chang)期(qi)使用(yong)后(hou)(hou),油(you)會揮(hui)發,軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)容易磨損,摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數大,后(hou)(hou)期(qi)噪音(yin)較(jiao)大,壽命短。品質好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)除了通風(feng)(feng)量大、風(feng)(feng)壓高(gao)以外,可(ke)靠性也是(shi)非(fei)常重(zhong)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)形式在此顯(xian)得(de)非(fei)常重(zhong)要。高(gao)速(su)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)一(yi)律使用(yong)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Ball bearing)而(er)低(di)速(su)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)則使用(yong)成(cheng)本(ben)低(di)廉的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(Sleeve bearing)。含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)只用(yong)一(yi)個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng);而(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)都需要兩個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),是(shi)“1 Ball + 1 Sleeve”,依(yi)然帶有(you)含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成(cheng)分。比單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)更高(gao)級的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)雙(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),即Two Balls。含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)壽命一(yi)般(ban)為(wei)10000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),單滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)30000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi),雙(shuang)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)50000小(xiao)(xiao)時(shi)(shi)以上(shang)(環境溫度均(jun)設(she)定(ding)在25℃以下時(shi)(shi))。風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)銅基粉末(mo)燒(shao)結而(er)成(cheng),使用(yong)含(han)(han)油(you)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)需加潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)以減少滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)數,潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)油(you)由(you)鋰基潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)脂加特(te)(te)制機油(you)調制而(er)成(cheng)。隨著長(chang)時(shi)(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)運轉(zhuan),軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機油(you)會揮(hui)發而(er)變(bian)干,摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數增大,風(feng)(feng)扇(shan)運轉(zhuan)受(shou)影(ying)響,可(ke)能出現異音(yin),轉(zhuan)速(su)偏慢甚至不(bu)轉(zhuan)現象。而(er)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)珠(zhu)(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)由(you)滾(gun)(gun)(gun)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)取代(dai)了滑(hua)(hua)動(dong)(dong)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca),摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數小(xiao)(xiao)并克服了摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)系(xi)數容易變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)缺點,因(yin)而(er)運轉(zhuan)穩定(ding)性強(qiang),壽命相對要長(chang)得(de)多。