【汽車(che)(che)空調(diao)系統】汽車(che)(che)空調(diao)系統的組成 汽車(che)(che)空調(diao)系統工作原理
汽車空調系統的組成
汽車空調一般主要由壓縮機(compressor)、電控離合器、冷凝器(condenser)、蒸(zheng)發器(evaporator)、膨脹閥(fa)(expansion valve)、貯液干(gan)燥器(qi)(receiver drier)、管道(hoses)、冷凝風扇、真空電磁閥(vacuum solenoid)、怠速器和控(kong)制(zhi)系統等組(zu)成。汽(qi)車空(kong)調分高壓(ya)管路(lu)和低(di)壓(ya)管路(lu)。高壓(ya)側包括(kuo)壓(ya)縮機(ji)輸出側、高壓(ya)管路(lu)、冷(leng)凝器、貯(zhu)液(ye)干燥器和液(ye)體管路(lu);低壓(ya)側包括蒸發器(qi)、積累器(qi)、回氣管(guan)路、壓(ya)縮機輸入側和壓(ya)縮機機油(you)池。
汽車空調系統工作原理
其實汽車空調和(he)我們熟悉(xi)的家用(yong)(yong)空調制冷(leng)原(yuan)理是一樣(yang)的。都(dou)是利(li)用(yong)(yong)R12或是R134a壓縮釋放的瞬間體積(ji)急劇膨(peng)脹就要吸收(shou)大量熱能(neng)的原理制冷(leng)。(由于(yu)R12對大(da)氣(qi)臭氧層的(de)破壞,出(chu)于(yu)環保的要(yao)求發達國(guo)家(jia)從1996年(nian)開始改用R134a做制冷(leng)劑(ji))汽車空(kong)(kong)調(diao)的構(gou)造和家用的分(fen)體空(kong)(kong)調(diao)類似,它的壓縮機往往是安裝在發動機上,并用皮帶驅動(dong)(也(ye)有直接驅(qu)動的),冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)安裝在(zai)汽車散熱器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)前方,而(er)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)在(zai)車里面,工(gong)(gong)作時從蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)出來的(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)態(tai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑流(liu)經(jing)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機變成高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)高(gao)溫氣(qi)體(ti),經(jing)過冷(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)(qi)散熱管降溫冷(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)變成高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)低(di)(di)溫的(de)(de)(de)液體(ti),再(zai)經(jing)過貯液干燥器(qi)(qi)(qi)除濕(shi)與緩沖,然后以(yi)較穩定的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力和流(liu)量流(liu)向膨脹(zhang)閥,經(jing)節流(liu)和降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)最后流(liu)向蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)。致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑一遇低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)環境即(ji)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa),吸收大量熱能。車廂(xiang)內的(de)(de)(de)空氣(qi)不斷流(liu)經(jing)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi),車廂(xiang)內溫度也就(jiu)(jiu)因(yin)此降低(di)(di)。液態(tai)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑流(liu)經(jing)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)后再(zai)次變成低(di)(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)體(ti),又重(zhong)新被吸入(ru)(ru)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機進(jin)行下(xia)一次的(de)(de)(de)循環工(gong)(gong)作。在(zai)整個系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中(zhong),膨脹(zhang)閥是(shi)(shi)控制致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑進(jin)入(ru)(ru)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)機關,致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)劑進(jin)入(ru)(ru)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)太(tai)(tai)多(duo)就(jiu)(jiu)不易(yi)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)而(er)太(tai)(tai)少(shao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)氣(qi)又會不夠(gou),因(yin)此膨脹(zhang)閥是(shi)(shi)調節中(zhong)樞。而(er)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)機是(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)心臟(zang),系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)循環的(de)(de)(de)動力源泉(quan)。
盡管汽車空調的(de)(de)空調系統(tong)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理與(yu)其它空調系統(tong)是(shi)相同的(de)(de),但汽(qi)車空調是(shi)移動(dong)式(shi)車載的(de)(de)空調裝置(zhi),它與(yu)固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)空調系統(tong)相比(bi),動(dong)轉條件更惡劣,隨汽(qi)車行駛的(de)(de)顫振,空調系統(tong)的(de)(de)制(zhi)冷劑(ji)比(bi)固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)更容易(yi)泄(xie)漏(lou),空調系統(tong)的(de)(de)維修(xiu)與(yu)保養也比(bi)固(gu)定(ding)式(shi)頻繁,空調裝置(zhi)中風(feng)(feng)路系統(tong)在吸(xi)入新風(feng)(feng)時常常會將塵土吸(xi)入,堵(du)塞過濾(lv)網及蒸發器,在清洗過程中又往往會把制(zhi)冷劑(ji)泄(xie)放到大氣中去(qu)。造成臭(chou)氧層消耗,破(po)壞了環境。