一、四軸加工中心是哪四軸
數(shu)控加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)根(gen)據軸(zhou)(zhou)數(shu)不同可分為三軸(zhou)(zhou)、四軸(zhou)(zhou)、五軸(zhou)(zhou)等多種類型,四軸(zhou)(zhou)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin),顧名思義就是(shi)有四個(ge)軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin),在(zai)傳(chuan)統X、Y、Z三軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)基礎上,添加了一(yi)個(ge)旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou),四軸(zhou)(zhou)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)的(de)第(di)四軸(zhou)(zhou)可以是(shi)A軸(zhou)(zhou)、B軸(zhou)(zhou)或C軸(zhou)(zhou)。
一(yi)般工(gong)件在空間(jian)未定位(wei)時,有六(liu)個(ge)自(zi)由度(du),X、Y、Z是三個(ge)線性位(wei)移自(zi)由度(du),與其對應的(de)是A、B、C三個(ge)旋轉位(wei)移自(zi)由度(du),一(yi)般選用數控加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)時,會根據加工(gong)對象(xiang)規劃設置軸(zhou)數,四(si)軸(zhou)加工(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)加了一(yi)個(ge)旋轉軸(zhou),通常稱為第(di)四(si)軸(zhou)。
二、四軸加工中心可以做哪些產品
四軸加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)在(zai)傳統的(de)(de)三(san)軸基礎上添(tian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)了(le)一個(ge)旋(xuan)轉軸,它(ta)通過第(di)(di)四軸或第(di)(di)四軸橋板的(de)(de)旋(xuan)轉,實現(xian)被加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)產(chan)品的(de)(de)多(duo)面(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong),不僅克服(fu)了(le)三(san)軸機(ji)床(chuang)無法完成的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong),還大(da)大(da)提高了(le)機(ji)床(chuang)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)效率,減少了(le)裝夾次數,四軸加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心(xin)的(de)(de)應用范疇(chou)主要有:
1、四軸加(jia)工中心適用于多面體零件(jian)的(de)加(jia)工。
2、四軸加(jia)工中心可以適用于帶回轉角度(du)的螺旋(xuan)(xuan)線(xian)(圓柱面油(you)槽)、螺旋(xuan)(xuan)槽、圓柱面凸輪加(jia)工。
3、四軸(zhou)加工中心適用于葉片加工。
三、四軸加工中心的工作模式
四軸加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心一般有兩種加(jia)(jia)工(gong)模式:定位加(jia)(jia)工(gong)和插(cha)補加(jia)(jia)工(gong),分別對應多面體(ti)零件加(jia)(jia)工(gong)和回轉體(ti)輪廓加(jia)(jia)工(gong):
1、定位加工
通(tong)過安裝在第四軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)的(de)夾具將(jiang)(jiang)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件(jian)固定在旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)臺上(shang),校(xiao)正(zheng)基(ji)準面(mian)(mian)以(yi)確定工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)坐標(biao)系A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)點(dian)位置(zhi)。在實(shi)際加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)先通(tong)過A軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)角(jiao)度旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)得到加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平面(mian)(mian)的(de)正(zheng)確位置(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)(hou)利(li)用相(xiang)關(guan)指(zhi)令(例如(ru)FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)Ml0)鎖(suo)定該位置(zhi),保證(zheng)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)與A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)點(dian)位置(zhi)固定,從(cong)而使得該加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)內所有元(yuan)素的(de)完整正(zheng)確加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對(dui)多(duo)面(mian)(mian)體下一(yi)個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時,只需先利(li)用A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開指(zhi)令(例如(ru)FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)Mll)將(jiang)(jiang)A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開,再(zai)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)A軸(zhou)(zhou)角(jiao)度至下一(yi)個加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平面(mian)(mian)與A軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線和主(zhu)軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線組成的(de)相(xiang)交平面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)或垂直,然(ran)后(hou)(hou)鎖(suo)定即可加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。
2、插補加工
四軸加工中心的(de)插補(bu)加工主要適(shi)用于回轉零(ling)件的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)面輪廓(kuo)加工或螺旋槽的(de)加工,利用四軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)聯動插補(bu)計算而(er)成。例如(ru)圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)面上(shang)的(de)回轉槽、圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)凸輪的(de)加工主要是依(yi)靠A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)旋轉加X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)移(yi)動來實現(xian)的(de)。此時,需(xu)要將(jiang)A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)角度展(zhan)開(kai),與X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)做插補(bu)運算,以(yi)確保A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與X軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)聯動,這(zhe)個(ge)過程(cheng)將(jiang)用到圓(yuan)(yuan)柱(zhu)(zhu)插補(bu)命令(例如(ru)FANUC的(de)G07.1)。