一、四軸加工中心是哪四軸

數控加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)根(gen)據(ju)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)數不(bu)同(tong)可(ke)分為三軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、四(si)(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、五軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)等多種(zhong)類(lei)型，四(si)(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，顧名思義就是(shi)有四(si)(si)(si)個軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)，在(zai)傳統X、Y、Z三軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)的(de)基礎上，添(tian)加(jia)了(le)一個旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)，四(si)(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)工中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)的(de)第(di)四(si)(si)(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)可(ke)以是(shi)A軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)、B軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)或(huo)C軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)。

一(yi)般工(gong)件在空間未定位(wei)時，有六個(ge)自(zi)由(you)(you)度(du)(du)，X、Y、Z是(shi)三個(ge)線性位(wei)移自(zi)由(you)(you)度(du)(du)，與其(qi)對應的是(shi)A、B、C三個(ge)旋轉位(wei)移自(zi)由(you)(you)度(du)(du)，一(yi)般選用數控(kong)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)時，會根據加工(gong)對象規劃設置軸(zhou)(zhou)數，四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)加工(gong)中(zhong)心(xin)加了一(yi)個(ge)旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou)，通常稱為第四(si)軸(zhou)(zhou)。

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二、四軸加工中心可以做哪些產品

四軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心在傳統的三軸(zhou)(zhou)基礎上添加(jia)(jia)了一個(ge)旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)，它通過第(di)四軸(zhou)(zhou)或第(di)四軸(zhou)(zhou)橋板的旋(xuan)(xuan)轉(zhuan)，實現(xian)被加(jia)(jia)工(gong)產品的多面加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，不(bu)僅克服(fu)了三軸(zhou)(zhou)機床(chuang)無法完成的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)，還大大提高了機床(chuang)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)效率，減少了裝夾次數，四軸(zhou)(zhou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中心的應用范疇主要有：

1、四(si)軸(zhou)加(jia)工中心適用于多面體零件(jian)的加(jia)工。

2、四軸加(jia)工(gong)中心可以適(shi)用于帶回(hui)轉角度的(de)螺旋線（圓柱面(mian)油槽）、螺旋槽、圓柱面(mian)凸輪加(jia)工(gong)。

3、四軸加工中心適用于葉片加工。

三、四軸加工中心的工作模式

四(si)軸加工(gong)中心一般(ban)有兩(liang)種加工(gong)模式：定(ding)位加工(gong)和(he)插補加工(gong)，分別對(dui)應(ying)多面體零件(jian)加工(gong)和(he)回轉體輪(lun)廓加工(gong)：

1、定位加工

通過安(an)裝在(zai)第四軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)的(de)夾具將(jiang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)零(ling)件固定(ding)在(zai)旋(xuan)轉工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作臺(tai)上(shang)，校正基準面以確定(ding)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件坐標(biao)系A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)點位(wei)置。在(zai)實際(ji)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)先通過A軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)角度(du)旋(xuan)轉得到加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作平(ping)面的(de)正確位(wei)置，然后利用相(xiang)(xiang)關指(zhi)令（例如FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)Ml0）鎖定(ding)該(gai)位(wei)置，保證加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面與(yu)(yu)A軸(zhou)(zhou)零(ling)點位(wei)置固定(ding)，從而使(shi)得該(gai)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面內所有元素的(de)完整正確加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。對(dui)多面體下一個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)面加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)時，只需先利用A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開指(zhi)令（例如FANUC系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)Mll）將(jiang)A軸(zhou)(zhou)打開，再旋(xuan)轉A軸(zhou)(zhou)角度(du)至下一個加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)面與(yu)(yu)A軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)和主軸(zhou)(zhou)軸(zhou)(zhou)線(xian)組成的(de)相(xiang)(xiang)交平(ping)面平(ping)行(xing)或垂直，然后鎖定(ding)即可加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

2、插補加工

四軸加工中心的(de)插(cha)(cha)補(bu)加(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要適(shi)用(yong)于回轉零件的(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)面(mian)輪廓加(jia)工(gong)或螺旋槽的(de)加(jia)工(gong)，利用(yong)四軸(zhou)(zhou)聯(lian)動插(cha)(cha)補(bu)計(ji)算(suan)而(er)成。例如(ru)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)面(mian)上(shang)的(de)回轉槽、圓(yuan)柱(zhu)凸輪的(de)加(jia)工(gong)主(zhu)要是依靠A軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)旋轉加(jia)X軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)移動來(lai)實現(xian)的(de)。此時，需要將A軸(zhou)(zhou)角度(du)展開，與X軸(zhou)(zhou)做插(cha)(cha)補(bu)運(yun)算(suan)，以(yi)確保A軸(zhou)(zhou)與X軸(zhou)(zhou)的(de)聯(lian)動，這個過程將用(yong)到(dao)圓(yuan)柱(zhu)插(cha)(cha)補(bu)命令(ling)（例如(ru)FANUC的(de)G07.1）。