一、萬能銑床用途
萬能銑床是一種(zhong)(zhong)通(tong)用(yong)的(de)金屬切削機床(chuang)(chuang)。本(ben)機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)主軸錐(zhui)孔(kong)可直接(jie)或通(tong)過附(fu)件(jian)安裝各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)圓柱銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、圓片銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、成型銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)、端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)銑(xian)刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)等刀(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)具(ju),適于加工各(ge)(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)中、小(xiao)型零件(jian)的(de)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)、斜面(mian)(mian)(mian)、溝(gou)槽、孔(kong)、齒輪等。是機械制作(zuo)、模具(ju)、儀(yi)器、儀(yi)表、汽車、摩托(tuo)車等行(xing)業(ye)的(de)理想加工設備(bei)。
二、萬能銑床結構及特點
萬能銑(xian)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)由(you)(you)(you)機身(shen)(shen)(shen)、主(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、進(jin)(jin)給(gei)箱(xiang)(xiang)、升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺、工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺、懸(xuan)梁、冷(leng)卻(que)、潤(run)(run)滑(hua)及電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)等各部分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成(cheng)。機身(shen)(shen)(shen)由(you)(you)(you)底座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)組(zu)成(cheng),床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)(zai)底座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)上;主(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)安裝(zhuang)在(zai)(zai)(zai)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)內(nei)(nei),通過(guo)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)右側(ce)蓋板上的三個變(bian)速(su)(su)手(shou)(shou)柄調節主(zhu)(zhu)軸轉速(su)(su);進(jin)(jin)給(gei)箱(xiang)(xiang)配(pei)掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)右側(ce),通過(guo)輸出軸齒輪和滑(hua)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)齒輪將動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)力分(fen)(fen)別傳(chuan)給(gei)縱(zong)、橫(heng)向絲杠;升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺與(yu)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)由(you)(you)(you)燕尾(wei)導(dao)軌(gui)配(pei)合(he),沿床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)導(dao)軌(gui)垂直升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang);升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺與(yu)滑(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)由(you)(you)(you)矩形導(dao)軌(gui)配(pei)合(he),工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺與(yu)滑(hua)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)由(you)(you)(you)燕尾(wei)導(dao)軌(gui)配(pei)合(he),通過(guo)絲杠、絲母帶動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)臺縱(zong)、橫(heng)向移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong);懸(xuan)梁部分(fen)(fen)由(you)(you)(you)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)、滑(hua)枕、掛架(jia)(jia)組(zu)成(cheng),機身(shen)(shen)(shen)上面安裝(zhuang)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),與(yu)滑(hua)枕通過(guo)燕尾(wei)導(dao)軌(gui)配(pei)合(he),掛架(jia)(jia)懸(xuan)掛在(zai)(zai)(zai)滑(hua)枕的一端;冷(leng)卻(que)液存放在(zai)(zai)(zai)底座(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)內(nei)(nei)腔(qiang)中;潤(run)(run)滑(hua)主(zhu)(zhu)傳(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部門采(cai)用(yong)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)油(you)泵(beng)強(qiang)制潤(run)(run)滑(hua),進(jin)(jin)給(gei)箱(xiang)(xiang)采(cai)用(yong)油(you)寖式飛濺潤(run)(run)滑(hua),其余移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)部位采(cai)用(yong)手(shou)(shou)拉(la)油(you)泵(beng)或油(you)杯(bei)定(ding)(ding)點(dian)潤(run)(run)滑(hua);電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)箱(xiang)(xiang)隱藏在(zai)(zai)(zai)床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)內(nei)(nei),電(dian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)控制操作(zuo)(zuo)分(fen)(fen)別狀語升(sheng)降(jiang)(jiang)臺左側(ce)、床(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)(chuang)身(shen)(shen)(shen)右側(ce)或由(you)(you)(you)懸(xuan)梁支(zhi)架(jia)(jia)支(zhi)撐在(zai)(zai)(zai)基礎左側(ce)前方,操作(zuo)(zuo)方便。
三、萬能銑床操作規程
1、操作(zuo)(zuo)前要穿(chuan)緊(jin)身防護(hu)(hu)服,袖口扣緊(jin),上衣下擺不(bu)能(neng)敞開,嚴禁戴(dai)手套,不(bu)得(de)在開動的機床旁穿(chuan)、脫換衣服,或(huo)圍布于身上,防止機器絞傷(shang)。必須戴(dai)好安(an)全帽,辮子應放入帽內,不(bu)得(de)穿(chuan)裙(qun)子、拖鞋。戴(dai)好防護(hu)(hu)鏡:以防鐵(tie)屑飛濺(jian)傷(shang)眼,并在機床周圍安(an)裝(zhuang)擋板使之與操作(zuo)(zuo)區隔離。
2、工(gong)件(jian)裝夾(jia)前,應擬定(ding)裝夾(jia)方法。裝夾(jia)毛坯件(jian)時,臺(tai)(tai)面要墊好,以免損(sun)傷(shang)工(gong)作臺(tai)(tai)。
3、工作(zuo)臺移動(dong)時(shi)要檢查(cha)緊(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)絲應打開,工作(zuo)臺不移動(dong)時(shi)緊(jin)固(gu)(gu)螺(luo)絲應緊(jin)上。
4、刀具裝卸時,應保持銑(xian)刀錐體部(bu)分和錐孔(kong)的(de)(de)清潔,并要(yao)裝夾(jia)牢固(gu)。高(gao)速(su)切削時必須戴好防護鏡(jing)。工(gong)作臺不準堆放工(gong)具,零件(jian)等物,注意刀具和工(gong)件(jian)的(de)(de)距離,防止發(fa)生(sheng)撞擊事故。
5、安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)銑刀(dao)(dao)前應檢查(cha)刀(dao)(dao)具是否對號(hao)、完好(hao),銑刀(dao)(dao)盡(jin)可能靠近主(zhu)軸(zhou)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang),裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好(hao)后要試車。安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)工件應牢(lao)固(gu)。
6、工作時應先(xian)用手(shou)進(jin)給,然(ran)后逐步自動走刀(dao)。運轉自動走刀(dao)時,拉(la)開手(shou)輪(lun),注(zhu)意限(xian)位擋塊是(shi)否(fou)牢固,不準放(fang)到(dao)頭(tou),不要(yao)(yao)走到(dao)兩極端而(er)撞(zhuang)壞絲杠;使用快速行程時,要(yao)(yao)事先(xian)檢(jian)查是(shi)否(fou)會相撞(zhuang)等(deng)現(xian)象,以免碰壞機件、銑(xian)刀(dao)碎裂飛出傷(shang)人。經常檢(jian)查手(shou)搖把內的保險彈簧(huang)是(shi)否(fou)有效可靠。
7、切(qie)削時禁止用手摸刀刃和加(jia)工部位。測量和檢查(cha)工件(jian)必須(xu)停車進(jin)行,切(qie)削時不準(zhun)調(diao)整工件(jian)。
8、主軸(zhou)停(ting)止(zhi)前,須(xu)先停(ting)止(zhi)進刀。如若切削(xue)深度較大(da)時(shi),退刀應先停(ting)車,掛輪時(shi)須(xu)切斷電源(yuan),掛輪間隙要適當,掛輪架(jia)背(bei)母(mu)要緊固,以(yi)免(mian)造(zao)成脫(tuo)落;加工毛坯時(shi)轉(zhuan)速不宜太快,要選好吃(chi)刀量(liang)和進給量(liang)。
9、發現機(ji)床(chuang)有(you)故障(zhang),應立即停(ting)車檢(jian)查并(bing)報(bao)告(gao)建設與保(bao)障(zhang)部派機(ji)修工(gong)(gong)修理。工(gong)(gong)作(zuo)完畢(bi)應做好清理工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),并(bing)關閉電源。