壓路機振動系統故障詳解析

振動系(xi)統是振動壓路(lu)機的主要(yao)工作系(xi)統，壓路(lu)機通過該系(xi)統來完成(cheng)施工作業(ye)，因此分析并排除振動系(xi)統的故(gu)障，對提高作業(ye)效(xiao)率、延長機器的使用壽命(ming)具有(you)重要(yao)意義。

振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)常見故障主要有(you)：振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)輪不起振(zhen)、振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)輪的振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)時有(you)時無、振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)輪發出異響。究其原因(yin)可以從電氣系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、液壓系(xi)(xi)統(tong)、振(zhen)動(dong)(dong)輪這3個部分進委(wei)分析。

一(yi)般情況(kuang)下，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)開(kai)關(guan)本身(shen)質量有(you)問題(ti)或操作力度有(you)問題(ti)，會導致(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)開(kai)關(guan)出(chu)現接(jie)觸不良(liang)的現象。因此，如果振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)輪(lun)不起振(zhen)(zhen)，應首先查看(kan)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)開(kai)關(guan)是否(fou)完好，接(jie)觸是否(fou)良(liang)好，否(fou)則應對(dui)其進行修復或更(geng)換。其次，檢查電氣線路(lu)是否(fou)存在繼電器損壞、保(bao)險燒壞、線路(lu)短接(jie)或斷路(lu)等現象，如有(you)，應予以排除。

若(ruo)液壓系統(tong)的壓力沒(mei)有(you)達(da)到要求，或者(zhe)振動(dong)(dong)系統(tong)中沒(mei)有(you)足勉勵的流量時，可使振動(dong)(dong)馬達(da)不(bu)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)或者(zhe)轉(zhuan)速很(hen)低，振動(dong)(dong)輪將(jiang)不(bu)振動(dong)(dong)或振動(dong)(dong)很(hen)微弱。其產生的原因(yin)及排除方法是：

些油(you)機(ji)轉速過(guo)低當液壓(ya)泵的流量、壓(ya)力(li)達不(bu)到(dao)設定值(zhi)時(shi)，應檢查油(you)門操縱拉桿是否在正確位置，或請專業人員檢修柴(chai)油(you)機(ji)，使柴(chai)油(you)機(ji)達到(dao)正常的轉速。

液壓(ya)泵、淮壓(ya)馬達(da)(da)嚴重磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)液壓(ya)元件的(de)尺寸精度、加工(gong)工(gong)藝和村質等(deng)不符合技(ji)術要求(qiu)而(er)引起(qi)早期(qi)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)；液壓(ya)系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)物(wu)等(deng)雜質使(shi)(shi)(shi)柱(zhu)塞與柱(zhu)塞孔、滑(hua)履與斜盤、配(pei)流盤與缸體(ti)端面這(zhe)3對摩(mo)(mo)擦副出(chu)現(xian)早期(qi)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)導(dao)致(zhi)內(nei)泄(xie)，對此，應(ying)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用機(ji)外循(xun)環(huan)過濾(lv)裝置將液壓(ya)系統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)機(ji)械(xie)磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)物(wu)和雜質排除干凈；維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)在檢修(xiu)(xiu)泵或馬達(da)(da)之后忘記給(gei)殼體(ti)加油(you)，使(shi)(shi)(shi)摩(mo)(mo)擦副在沒(mei)有潤滑(hua)的(de)情(qing)況下運行(xing)，導(dao)致(zhi)泵和馬達(da)(da)在短時間內(nei)因(yin)嚴懲磨(mo)(mo)損(sun)(sun)(sun)而(er)產生內(nei)泄(xie)，在此特(te)點提醒廣大維(wei)修(xiu)(xiu)人員(yuan)，應(ying)注意對殼體(ti)加油(you)，以免造成(cheng)不必要的(de)損(sun)(sun)(sun)失(shi)。

閥、管(guan)接(jie)頭(tou)等液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)附件出現(xian)故障如振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)開(kai)(kai)(kai)關(guan)閥損(sun)壞，將導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)斜(xie)盤(pan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)偏轉(zhuan)，即振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)泵的排量(liang)為零，馬達也就不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)了；壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)切斷閥損(sun)壞會導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)它過(guo)早(zao)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)啟(qi)，使(shi)斜(xie)盤(pan)控制回路泄(xie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，斜(xie)盤(pan)回到零位，使(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)達不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到要(yao)求，造成(cheng)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)過(guo)代(dai)，使(shi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬達不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旋轉(zhuan)或轉(zhuan)速過(guo)低(di)，因而出現(xian)沒有振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)微弱(ruo)的情(qing)況；溢流閥若損(sun)壞，將使(shi)其過(guo)早(zao)地(di)開(kai)(kai)(kai)啟(qi)溢流泄(xie)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，使(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)達不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)到設(she)定(ding)值，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)因液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力(li)(li)過(guo)代(dai)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬達不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)旋轉(zhuan)或轉(zhuan)速過(guo)低(di)，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)或振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)很(hen)弱(ruo)；此餐，接(jie)頭(tou)處的o型圈(quan)損(sun)壞，導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)密封不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)嚴(yan)而破損(sun)；快換接(jie)頭(tou)沒有擰到位，使(shi)油(you)液(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)導(dao)通等，幸免可(ke)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起振(zhen)(zhen)或振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)很(hen)弱(ruo)。當液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)閥等元件出現(xian)故障時，應請專(zhuan)業(ye)人員進行維修，必(bi)要(yao)時需(xu)更換損(sun)壞件，以確保設(she)備正常作業(ye)；如液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)濾油(you)器(qi)的過(guo)濾精度(du)(du)比較(jiao)低(di)，或濾油(you)器(qi)損(sun)壞，應清洗液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，換用干凈的液(ye)(ye)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)油(you)和高(gao)精度(du)(du)的濾油(you)器(qi)。

振動系統的故(gu)障大多數(shu)出現在機(ji)械部分，以下幾(ji)個部分是(shi)最容易發(fa)生故(gu)障的地(di)方。

連接振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達與(yu)偏心(xin)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)聯(lian)軸器(qi)首先振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)馬(ma)達與(yu)聯(lian)軸器(qi)連接的(de)(de)花鍵軸被折斷(duan)。這種(zhong)情況極(ji)少(shao)見(jian)，一般(ban)出現在新機上，主要是(shi)(shi)由于振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪零(ling)部件之間的(de)(de)同(tong)軸度、垂直度嚴重超差(cha)，或(huo)者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)由于振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)輪零(ling)部伯(bo)的(de)(de)固定(ding)螺栓斷(duan)裂或(huo)松動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)而造成的(de)(de)。其次(ci)是(shi)(shi)尼龍(long)套嚴重磨損。聯(lian)軸器(qi)的(de)(de)尼龍(long)套若在材質、強度上有問題，或(huo)偏心(xin)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)同(tong)軸度嚴重超差(cha)，均可導致(zhi)尼龍(long)套早期損壞(huai)，引(yin)起振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)系(xi)統沒有振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)微弱或(huo)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)時有時無的(de)(de)故障。

振動(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)滑、散(san)熱(re)、間(jian)隙(xi)狀況將直接(jie)影響軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)使用壽命(ming)，軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)如(ru)果潤(run)滑不良可在極短的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)內(nei)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)嚴(yan)重磨損，同時(shi)(shi)還伴有噪(zao)聲。振動(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)早(zao)期損壞，往往是由于軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)隨(sui)自身的(de)(de)(de)質量(liang)問題及(ji)(ji)裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)不當造成的(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)耐磨性能、硬度、尺寸精度及(ji)(ji)制(zhi)造工(gong)藝不符合要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)；沒有按(an)照規(gui)程進行裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)，裝(zhuang)配(pei)(pei)(pei)時(shi)(shi)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)愛到損傷(shang)；軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向間(jian)隙(xi)太小等(deng)，故軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)安裝(zhuang)時(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi)必(bi)須符合其規(gui)定要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。與普通高速、重載(zai)荷軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)相比，對振動(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)隨(sui)的(de)(de)(de)性能要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)更(geng)高一些，如(ru)果冒(mao)然(ran)選非(fei)主機廠(chang)家提供的(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，將出(chu)振動(dong)失(shi)效(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)(xian)象。因此，用戶在選擇振動(dong)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)，一定要(yao)(yao)選用廠(chang)家提供或售后人員認榀(pin)的(de)(de)(de)品牌、規(gui)格，以免因小失(shi)大(da)，釀成嚴(yan)重后果。

調(diao)幅(fu)裝置(zhi)現(xian)有的振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)壓路機一般采用雙頻雙幅(fu)且可調(diao)整的結構，如果(guo)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)輪(lun)調(diao)幅(fu)裝置(zhi)損壞，在(zai)進行(xing)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)作業時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)將會(hui)產生很大(da)的撞(zhuang)周聲，在(zai)啟動(dong)(dong)(dong)振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)或停止振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)的過程中會(hui)聽到清晰的、連(lian)續的撞(zhuang)擊聲，振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出現(xian)振(zhen)(zhen)幅(fu)雜亂無章(zhang)、振(zhen)(zhen)動(dong)(dong)(dong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無、時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)小的證狀，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，必須更換已損壞的零部件。