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一.產品介紹

張(zhang)高水杏(xing)(xing)是指生長于山(shan)東省鄒平縣張(zhang)高的水杏(xing)(xing)，有十多個水杏(xing)(xing)品種，為地方特產(chan)。

張(zhang)高水杏(xing)是(shi)生(sheng)長(chang)在特異自然(ran)環境的(de)地(di)方特產(chan)，個大如桃，皮(pi)色鮮艷(yan)，脆(cui)而酸甜(tian)，香味濃郁，清(qing)爽可(ke)口，營養豐富(fu)。鄒平縣(xian)張(zhang)高水杏(xing)距今(jin)已有(you)400多年的(de)栽培歷史(shi)，久(jiu)負盛名。水杏(xing)除(chu)鮮食(shi)外，還可(ke)加工成高級營養食(shi)品和點(dian)心佐(zuo)料，杏(xing)仁是(shi)貴(gui)重的(de)中藥材。

張高水杏(xing)有(you)十幾(ji)個品種，其(qi)中最好的(de)一俗(su)稱“抽把子”，所結杏(xing)果個大、皮色鮮艷，如經(jing)造孽蘋果，使人(ren)(ren)觀之欲食。還有(you)當地人(ren)(ren)稱為“關爺(ye)臉”的(de)品種，色彩紅而有(you)洶涌，食之甜脆。張高水杏(xing)成熟早(zao)，上市早(zao)，史有(you)“小滿三(san)日杏(xing)發黃”之說。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

“張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)，屬(shu)于(yu)北(bei)溫(wen)(wen)帶(dai)大(da)(da)陸性(xing)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)，具有明(ming)顯的(de)(de)(de)季(ji)節變化和(he)季(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點，四季(ji)分明(ming)，雨熱同季(ji)。冬季(ji)多偏北(bei)風(feng)，夏(xia)季(ji)多偏南風(feng)，春秋風(feng)向多變。年平(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)13.1℃，極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)低(di)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)-25.1℃，極(ji)(ji)端最(zui)高(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)42.8℃。年無(wu)霜(shuang)期一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)(wei)193天(tian)，≥0℃的(de)(de)(de)積溫(wen)(wen)4957.4℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)積溫(wen)(wen)4466.9℃，年日照時(shi)數為(wei)(wei)(wei)2619.8h，年平(ping)均(jun)日照率(lv)60％，年平(ping)均(jun)太陽輻射總量(liang)5.29×105J/cm3,平(ping)均(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理(li)輻射總量(liang)2.65×105J/cm3。年降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量(liang)633.5mm，年紀(ji)變化較(jiao)大(da)(da)，有氣(qi)象(xiang)資(zi)料(liao)記錄最(zui)大(da)(da)1053.1㎜，最(zui)小(xiao)366.3㎜，年內降(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)分布不均(jun)，夏(xia)季(ji)最(zui)多，占全(quan)年的(de)(de)(de)62.1%，春秋兩(liang)季(ji)分別占全(quan)年的(de)(de)(de)13.7%和(he)20.4%。這樣的(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)條件，與張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)要(yao)求的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)期等(deng)要(yao)求十(shi)分符合。“張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)(qu)域(yu)屬(shu)魯(lu)中泰沂山區(qu)(qu)，土(tu)壤(rang)屬(shu)于(yu)褐(he)土(tu)，富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)有機(ji)質和(he)磷、鉀等(deng)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)(su)。尤(you)其是水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)基地(di)(di)周圍獨特(te)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)小(xiao)氣(qi)候(hou)更(geng)是為(wei)(wei)(wei)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)優良(liang)品(pin)質奠定了(le)(le)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)基礎(chu)。且張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)優質礦(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，確保了(le)(le)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)好(hao)品(pin)質。 中華人民共和(he)國農業(ye)部(bu) 公布 張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)以(yi)火(huo)山巖(yan)、侵入巖(yan)、沉積巖(yan)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)成土(tu)母巖(yan)，全(quan)部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)褐(he)土(tu)，生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)環境優良(liang)，爽水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)性(xing)好(hao)，耕(geng)層較(jiao)厚，保水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)保肥能(neng)(neng)力強，旱(han)能(neng)(neng)澆(jiao)、澇能(neng)(neng)排，土(tu)壤(rang)有機(ji)質含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)高(gao)、無(wu)污染，富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)鉀、鈣、鎂等(deng)微(wei)量(liang)元素(su)(su)，各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)養元素(su)(su)比例(li)協調。土(tu)壤(rang)PH值(zhi)6.8～7.2，是適合鄒平(ping)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)最(zui)佳土(tu)壤(rang)，能(neng)(neng)使(shi)所產(chan)(chan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)人體所需多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)營(ying)(ying)養元素(su)(su)，富(fu)含(han)(han)(han)鉀、鈣、鎂、磷等(deng)多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)礦(kuang)物(wu)(wu)元素(su)(su)，維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)C、維(wei)(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)素(su)(su)B-17含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)尤(you)為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐富(fu)，β-胡蘿(luo)卜素(su)(su)含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)可達(da)(da)到10mg/100g果肉。 張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)地(di)(di)表、地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)都十(shi)分豐富(fu)，地(di)(di)下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)位8-15m，灌溉(gai)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)以(yi)當地(di)(di)山泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和(he)地(di)(di)下(xia)優質礦(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)，無(wu)任(ren)何污染，PH值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)弱堿性(xing)富(fu)氧(yang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)，不僅能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)滿足灌溉(gai)的(de)(de)(de)需要(yao)，而且能(neng)(neng)夠(gou)確保鄒平(ping)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)品(pin)質和(he)質量(liang)。 張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)區(qu)(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)(tai)資(zi)源(yuan)豐富(fu)，森林覆蓋率(lv)高(gao)，各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)自然(ran)天(tian)敵達(da)(da)30余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，通(tong)過(guo)積極(ji)(ji)推廣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)防治技術，有效(xiao)防治了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)病(bing)蟲害的(de)(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)，也(ye)保證了(le)(le)張高(gao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)綠色(se)無(wu)公害的(de)(de)(de)特(te)點。

三.地域范圍

鄒平(ping)縣黛(dai)溪街道(dao)辦事處張(zhang)高村(cun)(cun)緊鄰220國道(dao)，距濟(ji)南40公里，交(jiao)通便利， 人(ren)口1000戶以上(shang)，屬(shu)于行政大村(cun)(cun)，民(min)風(feng)樸實，勞動力豐(feng)富。 廣闊的平(ping)原和豐(feng)富的黃河水系，使張(zhang)高村(cun)(cun)農業發(fa)達，適合農場式(shi)發(fa)展(zhan)。“張(zhang)高水杏”主要種植于鄒平(ping)縣張(zhang)高村(cun)(cun)，地(di)理坐(zuo)標為東經117°39′4″～117°42′23″、北緯36°52′45″～36°54′15″，地(di)域保護面積80公頃(qing)，年總產量3000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在(zai)(zai)感官特征： 果(guo)實近(jin)圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)，頂端圓(yuan)，微凹；縫合線淺，兩半部對稱；梗洼狹、中深。果(guo)皮(pi)黃色，陽面具(ju)紫紅色暈，薄，不(bu)易剝(bo)離。果(guo)肉橘黃色，汁液較多，肉質細(xi)軟(ruan)，纖維少，含可(ke)(ke)溶性固形(xing)(xing)物10％～13％，總糖8.0％，可(ke)(ke)滴定(ding)酸0.9％，味甜(tian)微酸，香氣(qi)濃，品(pin)質上。離核，苦(ku)仁。 （2）內在(zai)(zai)品(pin)質指標： 項 目 指 標 可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率（以質量計）/％ ≥94.0 可(ke)(ke)滴定(ding)酸/％ ≥1.2 可(ke)(ke)溶性固形(xing)(xing)物/％ ≥12.0 蛋白質/％ ≥1.1 總糖/% ≥10.0 維生素C/（mg/100g） ≥9.6 （3）安(an)全要求： 水(shui)杏產地(di)環境(jing)符合GB/T18407.2-2001《農(nong)產品(pin)安(an)全質量無(wu)公害水(shui)果(guo)產地(di)環境(jing)要求》的規(gui)定(ding)。 張高水(shui)杏產品(pin)符合GB18406.2-2001《農(nong)產品(pin)安(an)全質量無(wu)公害蔬菜安(an)全要求》的規(gui)定(ding)。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)地選(xuan)擇(ze)：杏(xing)(xing)園應(ying)選(xuan)擇(ze)背風向陽(yang)土(tu)質疏松、排水(shui)通氣良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)地塊(kuai)，好是(shi)山坡中(zhong)部(bu)，避(bi)免(mian)在(zai)(zai)谷底建園。遠離城區、車站、鬧市，避(bi)免(mian)了有(you)害(hai)物(wu)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)污(wu)染(ran)。灌溉(gai)用(yong)(yong)水(shui)為當(dang)地山泉水(shui)和(he)地下優質礦(kuang)泉水(shui)。生態(tai)環(huan)境(jing)無(wu)污(wu)染(ran)，符合無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)鄒(zou)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)地環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)求。 （2）品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)擇(ze)：影響鄒(zou)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)生長的(de)(de)(de)(de)因素是(shi)多(duo)方面的(de)(de)(de)(de),環(huan)境(jing)因素中(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)、光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)是(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)因素。溫(wen)度(du)主(zhu)要(yao)決定杏(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)休眠期,影響杏(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開花與結(jie)果(guo)(guo)。杏(xing)(xing)樹(shu)是(shi)吸光(guang)(guang)性很強的(de)(de)(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong),光(guang)(guang)是(shi)植物(wu)光(guang)(guang)合作用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)量(liang)源泉,光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)對(dui)(dui)杏(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)生長和(he)結(jie)果(guo)(guo)作用(yong)(yong)非常明顯。所以選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)當(dang)地優質、豐產(chan)(chan)、抗病的(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，如金(jin)太(tai)陽(yang)、紅(hong)荷(he)包、黃荷(he)包、凱特、二紅(hong)杏(xing)(xing)等(deng)。 （3）生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理(li)： 水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)生產(chan)(chan)過(guo)程(cheng)管理(li)按無(wu)公(gong)害(hai)鄒(zou)平(ping)(ping)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)標準化生產(chan)(chan)技術規程(cheng)進行。 （4）產(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲及(ji)產(chan)(chan)后處(chu)理(li) 杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)收期對(dui)(dui)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)量(liang)和(he)品(pin)質有(you)密切(qie)關系(xi)。按杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)途可(ke)分為三個成熟(shu)度(du)：一(yi)是(shi)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)成熟(shu)度(du)，這(zhe)時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)大小(xiao)已定，杏(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)未能(neng)(neng)完(wan) 全成熟(shu)，但這(zhe)時(shi)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)后做商(shang)(shang)品(pin)出售；二是(shi)食用(yong)(yong)成熟(shu)度(du)，果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)已成熟(shu)，表現出該品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)色澤和(he)香(xiang)味(wei)，營(ying)養成分含量(liang)達(da)到(dao)(dao)最高點，風味(wei)最好；三是(shi)勝利成熟(shu)度(du)，這(zhe)時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)生理(li)上已達(da)到(dao)(dao)十(shi)成成熟(shu)，果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)肉(rou)質松軟，風味(wei)變淡，不宜(yi)食用(yong)(yong)，只能(neng)(neng)用(yong)(yong)作采(cai)(cai)種(zhong)(zhong)或取(qu)仁。商(shang)(shang)品(pin)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)宜(yi)根據不同(tong)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)在(zai)(zai)水(shui)杏(xing)(xing)達(da)到(dao)(dao)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)成熟(shu)度(du)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)收為最好。