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一.產品介紹

張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)水杏是指生長于山東(dong)省鄒平(ping)縣(xian)張(zhang)高(gao)(gao)的水杏，有(you)十(shi)多個水杏品種，為(wei)地方(fang)特產。

張高(gao)水杏(xing)(xing)是生長在特(te)異自然環境的地方特(te)產，個(ge)大如桃，皮色鮮艷，脆(cui)而酸甜，香味濃郁，清爽(shuang)可口，營(ying)養豐富。鄒平縣張高(gao)水杏(xing)(xing)距今已(yi)有400多年的栽培歷史，久負盛名。水杏(xing)(xing)除鮮食外，還可加工(gong)成(cheng)高(gao)級營(ying)養食品和點心(xin)佐料，杏(xing)(xing)仁是貴重的中藥材(cai)。

張高水杏有十幾個(ge)品種(zhong)，其中最好的(de)一俗稱“抽把子”，所結杏果個(ge)大(da)、皮(pi)色(se)鮮艷，如經造(zao)孽(nie)蘋(pin)果，使人觀之欲食(shi)。還有當地人稱為“關爺(ye)臉”的(de)品種(zhong)，色(se)彩紅而有洶涌(yong)，食(shi)之甜(tian)脆。張高水杏成(cheng)熟早，上市早，史有“小滿三日(ri)杏發黃”之說。

二.自然生態環境和人文歷史因素

“張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)，屬(shu)于(yu)北溫(wen)帶大陸性季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候，具有(you)(you)明(ming)顯的(de)(de)季(ji)(ji)(ji)節變化(hua)和季(ji)(ji)(ji)風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候特(te)點，四季(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)明(ming)，雨熱同季(ji)(ji)(ji)。冬季(ji)(ji)(ji)多偏北風(feng)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)多偏南風(feng)，春(chun)秋風(feng)向(xiang)多變。年(nian)平均(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)13.1℃，極端(duan)最(zui)低氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)-25.1℃，極端(duan)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)42.8℃。年(nian)無霜期一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)193天，≥0℃的(de)(de)積溫(wen)4957.4℃，≥10℃的(de)(de)積溫(wen)4466.9℃，年(nian)日照(zhao)時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2619.8h，年(nian)平均(jun)日照(zhao)率(lv)60％，年(nian)平均(jun)太陽(yang)輻射總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)5.29×105J/cm3,平均(jun)生(sheng)(sheng)理輻射總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)2.65×105J/cm3。年(nian)降水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)633.5mm，年(nian)紀變化(hua)較(jiao)(jiao)大，有(you)(you)氣(qi)(qi)象資(zi)料記錄最(zui)大1053.1㎜，最(zui)小(xiao)366.3㎜，年(nian)內降水(shui)(shui)分(fen)布(bu)不均(jun)，夏(xia)季(ji)(ji)(ji)最(zui)多，占全年(nian)的(de)(de)62.1%，春(chun)秋兩季(ji)(ji)(ji)分(fen)別(bie)占全年(nian)的(de)(de)13.7%和20.4%。這樣的(de)(de)氣(qi)(qi)候條(tiao)件(jian)，與張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)要求的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)、濕度(du)、生(sheng)(sheng)長期等要求十分(fen)符合(he)。“張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)”種(zhong)(zhong)植區(qu)域(yu)屬(shu)魯中泰(tai)沂(yi)山(shan)區(qu)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)屬(shu)于(yu)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，富(fu)含(han)(han)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)和磷、鉀(jia)等各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素。尤其是水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)基(ji)地(di)周圍獨特(te)的(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)候更是為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)優良(liang)(liang)品(pin)質(zhi)奠定了(le)(le)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)基(ji)礎。且張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)地(di)地(di)下水(shui)(shui)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)優質(zhi)礦(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)，確(que)保(bao)(bao)了(le)(le)張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)良(liang)(liang)好品(pin)質(zhi)。 中華(hua)人民共和國農業(ye)部(bu) 公(gong)布(bu) 張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)地(di)以火山(shan)巖、侵入巖、沉積巖為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主要成(cheng)土(tu)(tu)母巖，全部(bu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)，生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)環境優良(liang)(liang)，爽(shuang)水(shui)(shui)性好，耕(geng)層(ceng)較(jiao)(jiao)厚(hou)，保(bao)(bao)水(shui)(shui)保(bao)(bao)肥能(neng)(neng)力強，旱能(neng)(neng)澆(jiao)、澇(lao)能(neng)(neng)排(pai)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)、無污(wu)染，富(fu)含(han)(han)鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂等微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)營養元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素比例協調。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)PH值(zhi)6.8～7.2，是適合(he)鄒平張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)長的(de)(de)最(zui)佳土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)，能(neng)(neng)使(shi)所產(chan)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)富(fu)含(han)(han)人體所需多種(zhong)(zhong)營養元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素，富(fu)含(han)(han)鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂、磷等多種(zhong)(zhong)礦(kuang)物元(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)素，維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素C、維(wei)生(sheng)(sheng)素B-17含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)尤為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)，β-胡蘿卜素含(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)可達到10mg/100g果肉。 張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)區(qu)地(di)表(biao)、地(di)下水(shui)(shui)資(zi)源都十分(fen)豐(feng)富(fu)，地(di)下水(shui)(shui)位8-15m，灌(guan)溉(gai)主要以當(dang)地(di)山(shan)泉水(shui)(shui)和地(di)下優質(zhi)礦(kuang)泉水(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉(gai)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主，無任何污(wu)染，PH值(zhi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)弱堿(jian)性富(fu)氧水(shui)(shui)，不僅能(neng)(neng)夠滿足灌(guan)溉(gai)的(de)(de)需要，而(er)且能(neng)(neng)夠確(que)保(bao)(bao)鄒平張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)品(pin)質(zhi)和質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。 張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)區(qu)生(sheng)(sheng)態(tai)資(zi)源豐(feng)富(fu)，森林(lin)覆蓋率(lv)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)，各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)自(zi)然天敵(di)達30余種(zhong)(zhong)，通過積極推廣生(sheng)(sheng)物防治技(ji)術(shu)，有(you)(you)效防治了(le)(le)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)病蟲(chong)害(hai)的(de)(de)發生(sheng)(sheng)，也保(bao)(bao)證了(le)(le)張(zhang)(zhang)高(gao)(gao)(gao)(gao)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)綠色無公(gong)害(hai)的(de)(de)特(te)點。

三.地域范圍

鄒平(ping)縣黛溪街道(dao)辦事處張高(gao)村(cun)緊鄰220國道(dao)，距濟(ji)南40公里，交通便利， 人口1000戶以上，屬于(yu)行政(zheng)大村(cun)，民風樸實，勞動力(li)豐富。 廣闊(kuo)的(de)平(ping)原和豐富的(de)黃河水系，使張高(gao)村(cun)農業發達，適合農場式發展。“張高(gao)水杏”主(zhu)要種(zhong)植于(yu)鄒平(ping)縣張高(gao)村(cun)，地(di)理坐標(biao)為東(dong)經117°39′4″～117°42′23″、北緯36°52′45″～36°54′15″，地(di)域保護(hu)面積80公頃，年總(zong)產量3000噸。

四.產品品質特性特征

(1)外在(zai)感官特征(zheng)： 果實近圓形，頂(ding)端圓，微凹；縫(feng)合(he)線淺，兩半部對稱；梗洼狹(xia)、中(zhong)深。果皮黃(huang)色，陽面具紫紅色暈，薄，不易剝離(li)。果肉橘黃(huang)色，汁液(ye)較多，肉質(zhi)(zhi)細軟，纖維少，含可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物10％～13％，總(zong)糖8.0％，可(ke)滴定酸(suan)0.9％，味甜微酸(suan)，香氣(qi)濃(nong)，品質(zhi)(zhi)上(shang)。離(li)核，苦仁。 （2）內在(zai)品質(zhi)(zhi)指(zhi)標(biao)： 項 目 指(zhi) 標(biao) 可(ke)食率（以(yi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)計）/％ ≥94.0 可(ke)滴定酸(suan)/％ ≥1.2 可(ke)溶(rong)性固形物/％ ≥12.0 蛋白質(zhi)(zhi)/％ ≥1.1 總(zong)糖/% ≥10.0 維生素C/（mg/100g） ≥9.6 （3）安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)： 水杏產地環境(jing)符(fu)合(he)GB/T18407.2-2001《農(nong)(nong)產品安(an)全質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)無公(gong)害水果產地環境(jing)要(yao)求(qiu)》的規定。 張高水杏產品符(fu)合(he)GB18406.2-2001《農(nong)(nong)產品安(an)全質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)無公(gong)害蔬菜安(an)全要(yao)求(qiu)》的規定。

五.特定生產方式

（1）產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)選(xuan)擇：杏(xing)(xing)(xing)園應(ying)選(xuan)擇背風(feng)向陽土質疏松、排水(shui)(shui)通氣良好(hao)的(de)(de)地(di)塊，好(hao)是(shi)(shi)山坡中部，避免在谷底建園。遠(yuan)離城區(qu)、車站、鬧(nao)市，避免了有(you)害物質的(de)(de)污(wu)(wu)染(ran)。灌(guan)溉用(yong)水(shui)(shui)為當(dang)地(di)山泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)和地(di)下優(you)質礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)。生(sheng)態環境(jing)無污(wu)(wu)染(ran)，符合(he)無公害鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)環境(jing)要(yao)求。 （2）品(pin)種(zhong)選(xuan)擇：影響鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)長的(de)(de)因素(su)是(shi)(shi)多(duo)方面的(de)(de),環境(jing)因素(su)中溫度(du)(du)、光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)是(shi)(shi)主(zhu)要(yao)因素(su)。溫度(du)(du)主(zhu)要(yao)決定(ding)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)休眠(mian)期(qi),影響杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)開(kai)花與結果(guo)(guo)。杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)是(shi)(shi)吸光(guang)(guang)性很(hen)強的(de)(de)樹(shu)種(zhong),光(guang)(guang)是(shi)(shi)植物光(guang)(guang)合(he)作用(yong)的(de)(de)能(neng)量(liang)(liang)源泉(quan),光(guang)(guang)照(zhao)對(dui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)樹(shu)的(de)(de)生(sheng)長和結果(guo)(guo)作用(yong)非常明(ming)顯。所以選(xuan)用(yong)當(dang)地(di)優(you)質、豐產(chan)(chan)(chan)、抗病的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)品(pin)種(zhong)，如金太(tai)陽、紅荷包、黃荷包、凱特、二紅杏(xing)(xing)(xing)等。 （3）生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理： 水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)過程(cheng)管(guan)理按(an)無公害鄒平(ping)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術規(gui)程(cheng)進行。 （4）產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收(shou)(shou)獲及產(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理 杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)期(qi)對(dui)果(guo)(guo)實的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)(liang)和品(pin)質有(you)密切關系。按(an)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)用(yong)途可(ke)分為三個成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)：一是(shi)(shi)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)，這時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實大小已定(ding)，杏(xing)(xing)(xing)果(guo)(guo)未能(neng)完 全成(cheng)熟(shu)，但這時(shi)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)果(guo)(guo)后做商(shang)品(pin)出售；二是(shi)(shi)食(shi)用(yong)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)，果(guo)(guo)實已成(cheng)熟(shu)，表現(xian)出該品(pin)種(zhong)應(ying)有(you)的(de)(de)色澤和香味(wei)，營養成(cheng)分含量(liang)(liang)達到(dao)最高(gao)點，風(feng)味(wei)最好(hao)；三是(shi)(shi)勝利成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)，這時(shi)果(guo)(guo)實在生(sheng)理上已達到(dao)十成(cheng)成(cheng)熟(shu)，果(guo)(guo)實肉質松軟，風(feng)味(wei)變淡，不宜食(shi)用(yong)，只能(neng)用(yong)作采(cai)(cai)種(zhong)或取仁。商(shang)品(pin)水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)宜根(gen)據不同品(pin)種(zhong)在水(shui)(shui)杏(xing)(xing)(xing)達到(dao)可(ke)采(cai)(cai)成(cheng)熟(shu)度(du)(du)時(shi)采(cai)(cai)收(shou)(shou)為最好(hao)。