中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)是(shi)魚米之鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),水(shui)(shui)稻種植面積大,田里當然也少(shao)不了禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)。中(zhong)(zhong)山(shan)水(shui)(shui)鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)坦洲,不僅(jin)以(yi)咸(xian)水(shui)(shui)歌聞名,那(nei)里的(de)風味(wei)小食禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)也是(shi)一大特(te)(te)產(chan),各種烹(peng)制方法層出不窮,令每一位食客(ke)駐足留步。踏(ta)人農(nong)歷(li)九月,大量的(de)禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)出現,引得各路食輯奔赴(fu)坦洲,特(te)(te)意品嘗(chang)那(nei)里的(de)禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)特(te)(te)色菜(cai)肴。禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),很多(duo)人都知道是(shi)水(shui)(shui)稻田淤(yu)泥中(zhong)(zhong)野生的(de)一種軟體(ti)小蟲(chong)(chong)(chong),分布于(yu)珠江口各地咸(xian)淡水(shui)(shui)交界處的(de)稻田、淤(yu)泥中(zhong)(zhong),繁(fan)殖時(shi)才出泥面。禾(he)(he)(he)蟲(chong)(chong)(chong)含豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)蛋(dan)白質、脂肪、鐵(tie)、磷和各種維生素,營養價值(zhi)高,其味(wei)鮮美(mei)甘(gan)香、性溫,能(neng)補(bu)脾、暖胃、生血、利(li)小便、去腳氣,屬滋(zi)補(bu)食療上品,城鄉(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)居(ju)民歷(li)來喜愛,視之為席上佳肴。
中山人以(yi)及廣(guang)東(dong)人吃禾(he)蟲(chong)(chong)的風(feng)氣(qi)由來已久。明末廣(guang)東(dong)大(da)詩人屈翁山的《廣(guang)東(dong)新語》已經盛贊(zan)禾(he)蟲(chong)(chong)的滋味,并稱(cheng)鄉下有禾(he)蟲(chong)(chong)阜,為地主(zhu)惡霸爭持侵(qin)奪的目標。“夏暑雨,禾(he)中蒸(zheng)郁而(er)生(sheng)蟲(chong)(chong),或稻(dao)根腐而(er)生(sheng)蟲(chong)(chong)。稻(dao)根色(se)(se)黃(huang),禾(he)蟲(chong)(chong)者(zhe)(zhe)稻(dao)根所化,故色(se)(se)黃(huang),大(da)者(zhe)(zhe)如著(筷子)許,長至丈,節(jie)節(jie)有口(kou),生(sheng)青熟(shu)紅黃(huang)。霜(shuang)降前,禾(he)熟(shu)則蟲(chong)(chong)亦熟(shu),以(yi)初一二及十五六,乘大(da)潮斷節(jie)而(er)出,浮游(you)田上(shang),網(wang)取之(zhi),得(de)醋則白(bai)漿自出,以(yi)白(bai)米泔濾(lv)過,蒸(zheng)為膏,甘美(mei)益(yi)人,蓋得(de)稻(dao)之(zhi)精華者(zhe)(zhe)也。其(qi)腌為脯作(zuo)西醬者(zhe)(zhe),則貧者(zhe)(zhe)之(zhi)食也。”
禾(he)(he)蟲在珠江三角洲一向被視作盤中佳肴,受到眾多食客的(de)青(qing)睞,但要說(shuo)服外省的(de)老友吃禾(he)(he)蟲還是有(you)(you)一點難度的(de),況且本地也有(you)(you)些老友不太愛吃。禾(he)(he)蟲可以(yi)煎、煮、蒸(zheng)、燉(dun)。其中以(yi)瓦(wa)缽焗禾(he)(he)蟲最顯風(feng)味(wei)。而禾(he)(he)蟲蒸(zheng)蛋、酥炸(zha)禾(he)(he)蟲、禾(he)(he)蟲湯等(deng)等(deng)也都滋味(wei)十(shi)足,令人回味(wei)無窮。
【藥名】禾蟲
【別名】沙(sha)蟲、沙(sha)蠶(can)、海蝗蚓
【漢語拼音】he chong
【英文名】Standing grain worm
【拉丁植(zhi)物動物礦物名】Tylorrhychus heterochaetus(Quatrefages).
【歸經】脾;胃經
【功效】補脾胃;益氣(qi)血;利水(shui)消腫
【考證】出(chu)自《綱目拾遺》:禾蟲(chong),閩、廣、浙沿海濱多(duo)有(you)之,形如蚯蚓,閩人(ren)以蒸(zheng)蛋食,或作膏食,餉客(ke)為(wei)饈,云(yun)食之補(bu)脾(pi)健(jian)胃。《廣志》,夏暑雨,禾中蒸(zheng)郁而(er)生(sheng)蟲(chong),或稻根腐而(er)生(sheng)蟲(chong)。大者如箸(zhu)許(xu),長至丈,節節有(you)口,生(sheng)青,熟(shu)紅黃,霜(shuang)降(jiang)前禾熟(shu),則蟲(chong)亦熟(shu)。以初一、二及十五、六(liu)乘大潮(chao)斷(duan)節而(er)出(chu),浮(fu)游田上,網(wang)取之。得醋(cu)則白漿(jiang)自出(chu),以白米泔濾(lv)過,蒸(zheng)為(wei)膏,甘美益人(ren)。
【科(ke)屬分類】沙蠶科(ke)
【主治】脾胃虛弱;泄瀉;貧(pin)血;水腫(zhong)
【用法用量】內服:煎湯,5-10條。
【出處(chu)】《中華本草》
禾蟲(chong)的吃法(fa)有多(duo)種,有燉缽(bo)仔(zi)禾蟲(chong)、生炒(chao)禾蟲(chong)、煲禾蟲(chong)蓮藕眉豆湯等,而中山人(ren)的燉缽(bo)仔(zi)禾蟲(chong),風味十足,最受食客喜愛。
缽(bo)(bo)(bo)仔(zi)禾(he)蟲的(de)做法(fa)并不(bu)是(shi)很復雜。將(jiang)禾(he)蟲洗(xi)干凈(jing)后(hou)(hou)放在(zai)(zai)缽(bo)(bo)(bo)仔(zi)里剪碎(sui)讓禾(he)蟲充分(fen)出漿,再(zai)加上(shang)(shang)(shang)適(shi)特(te)搗(dao)碎(sui)的(de)蒜蓉、陳(chen)皮、粉絲、蛋(dan)白、欖角和油、鹽(yan)等調味拌勻(yun),放缽(bo)(bo)(bo)于鍋中(zhong)隔水燉熟,再(zai)將(jiang)缽(bo)(bo)(bo)仔(zi)禾(he)蟲移至慢火炭(tan)爐(lu)或電爐(lu)上(shang)(shang)(shang)烘(hong)至干水有(you)(you)(you)焦香(xiang)味即(ji)可上(shang)(shang)(shang)桌(zhuo);也有(you)(you)(you)人先把洗(xi)干凈(jing)的(de)禾(he)蟲放在(zai)(zai)花生油里面,讓禾(he)蟲喝飽油,然后(hou)(hou)打幾個雞蛋(dan)到缽(bo)(bo)(bo)中(zhong),這時才將(jiang)禾(he)蟲剪碎(sui),再(zai)把各種(zhong)配科(ke)加在(zai)(zai)一起(qi)(qi)攪拌,然后(hou)(hou)放鍋中(zhong)燉,最(zui)后(hou)(hou)把瓦(wa)缽(bo)(bo)(bo)架到風爐(lu)上(shang)(shang)(shang),用炭(tan)烘(hong)起(qi)(qi)瓦(wa)缽(bo)(bo)(bo),把禾(he)蟲慢慢烘(hong)干水分(fen)。這道(dao)缽(bo)(bo)(bo)仔(zi)禾(he)蟲吃起(qi)(qi)來外面一層有(you)(you)(you)點(dian)脆(cui),甚至還有(you)(you)(you)一點(dian)焦的(de)香(xiang)味,吃到里面是(shi)滑滑的(de),很鮮美,但一點(dian)都不(bu)油膩。