野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃生(sheng)于陰坡的(de)(de)針、闊混交林(lin)中土壤肥沃內,有的(de)(de)生(sheng)于陽坡水分(fen)充足(zu)的(de)(de)地方。喜涼爽(shuang)、濕(shi)潤的(de)(de)氣候,或山溝(gou)溪流旁,多(duo)攀援在闊葉樹上(shang),枝蔓多(duo)集(ji)中分(fen)布(bu)于樹冠上(shang)部,岫巖滿族自治(zhi)縣各(ge)山區現(xian)存的(de)(de)大量(liang)野(ye)(ye)生(sheng)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃都分(fen)布(bu)這種獨特(te)的(de)(de)自然(ran)環境之中。
2.1、獨特的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然生態條件,是岫巖軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃繁衍的(de)(de)最(zui)佳(jia)環境(jing)(jing)岫巖滿族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)位于長(chang)(chang)白(bai)山(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)余脈(mo),境(jing)(jing)內峰(feng)巒起伏,擁有(you)“八山(shan)(shan)(shan)半水一分(fen)田,半分(fen)道路和(he)村莊”的(de)(de)自(zi)(zi)然地貌。低山(shan)(shan)(shan)面(mian)積占全縣(xian)(xian)總面(mian)積的(de)(de)78%以上。岫巖地區在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃選擇在坡度小于25°的(de)(de)北(bei)坡、西北(bei)坡,根(gen)據(ju)(ju)其(qi)生長(chang)(chang)習(xi)性(xing),采用棚架(jia)或T字型架(jia)式(shi)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi),使其(qi)枝蔓延架(jia)勢充分(fen)生長(chang)(chang),模(mo)擬其(qi)野(ye)生自(zi)(zi)然生長(chang)(chang)環境(jing)(jing),在種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)過程中岫巖軟(ruan)棗獼(mi)猴桃沒有(you)表(biao)現不適性(xing),原有(you)的(de)(de)優(you)良品種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)得到(dao)延續。岫巖滿族自(zi)(zi)治(zhi)縣(xian)(xian)林(lin)木蓄積量近500萬(wan)立方米,森(sen)林(lin)覆蓋率達(da)71.3%。森(sen)林(lin)多為天(tian)然次(ci)生林(lin)和(he)人工(gong)林(lin),樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)35科80屬170多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),珍貴樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)有(you)紫椴、核(he)(he)桃楸、山(shan)(shan)(shan)槐(huai)、水曲柳、刺(ci)楸、黃菠蘿等(deng)6種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),林(lin)間分(fen)布山(shan)(shan)(shan)貨野(ye)果(guo)80多種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)生動物60余種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),野(ye)生藥材為人們認識和(he)采集的(de)(de)有(you)76種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong),山(shan)(shan)(shan)楂、核(he)(he)桃、山(shan)(shan)(shan)葡萄、獼(mi)猴桃、山(shan)(shan)(shan)花椒等(deng)野(ye)果(guo)樹(shu)遍及全縣(xian)(xian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)嶺。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)環境(jing)(jing)優(you)良,野(ye)生資源豐富,據(ju)(ju)1989年(nian)岫巖縣(xian)(xian)志(zhi)記載道:“獼(mi)猴桃樹(shu)在縣(xian)(xian)內各地山(shan)(shan)(shan)區均有(you)分(fen)布,皆為野(ye)生,全縣(xian)(xian)大約有(you)13.6萬(wan)株,年(nian)產獼(mi)猴桃22.6萬(wan)公斤(jin)。1983年(nian)至1984年(nian),縣(xian)(xian)內開始用種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)(zhi)或扦插繁殖進行試種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)(pei)。”
2.2、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)氣(qi)候(hou)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)了(le)品質(zhi)保(bao)證岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)(yu)北溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶(dai)季(ji)(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou),北部由千山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)(長(chang)(chang)(chang)白(bai)(bai)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)余脈(mo))向西(xi)南(nan)和(he)(he)東南(nan)方向延伸(shen),形成(cheng)了(le)環抱岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)北、西(xi)、東的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天然屏(ping)障(zhang),高(gao)(gao)(gao)山(shan)(shan)阻礙了(le)冬(dong)季(ji)(ji)寒冷氣(qi)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)到來,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)無(wu)霜期達(da)(da)(da)156天,延長(chang)(chang)(chang)了(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)周期。最(zui)(zui)冷的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一月份平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-9.9℃,極端低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)-15.5℃,氣(qi)候(hou)相對(dui)于(yu)(yu)同緯度地(di)區(qu)暖和(he)(he),降(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)了(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)在種(zhong)植過(guo)程中(zhong)受凍害和(he)(he)倒春寒的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響(xiang);年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)8.0℃,最(zui)(zui)熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)七、八月氣(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)達(da)(da)(da)28.1℃,≥10℃的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2500~3000℃,年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日照時數為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)2302.7小(xiao)時,氣(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he)(he)光(guang)照充(chong)足,全年生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)均(jun)在適宜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度條件(jian)下進(jin)行,受高(gao)(gao)(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)危害影(ying)響(xiang)小(xiao),軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)枝繁葉茂,有利(li)于(yu)(yu)進(jin)行光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用,增加岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養積累(lei)(lei)。秋季(ji)(ji)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差達(da)(da)(da)19℃,平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差13℃,岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)白(bai)(bai)天光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用,消耗二(er)氧化(hua)碳(tan)和(he)(he)水(shui)(shui)(shui),合(he)成(cheng)葡萄糖(tang),夜晚低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)葡萄糖(tang)轉化(hua)成(cheng)多糖(tang)和(he)(he)其他營(ying)養成(cheng)分,且低(di)(di)(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)抑制岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)呼吸作(zuo)用,減少了(le)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養消耗,貯藏更(geng)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養成(cheng)分。 3.2.3、獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)、有機質(zhi)土壤(rang),豐(feng)富(fu)了(le)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)營(ying)養成(cheng)分巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)縣(xian)內水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),500余條溪流(liu)迂(yu)回在縱橫交錯的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溝谷間(jian),匯(hui)成(cheng)13條支流(liu),全長(chang)(chang)(chang)882公里,水(shui)(shui)(shui)域(yu)面積幾(ji)乎全覆(fu)蓋岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian),水(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)近20億立方米,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)提(ti)供(gong)(gong)基礎。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)是(shi)國家二(er)級水(shui)(shui)(shui)源(yuan)(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)。水(shui)(shui)(shui)質(zhi)清澈(che)見底,水(shui)(shui)(shui)中(zhong)含(han)(han)(han)(han)有大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)微量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)元素(su),補充(chong)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)營(ying)養元素(su)。年平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)775.8mm~933.8mm,冬(dong)、春降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)占全年的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)18.7%,豐(feng)沛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)雨(yu)保(bao)障(zhang)了(le)早春軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)理活(huo)動所需的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分;夏季(ji)(ji)雨(yu)熱同期,降(jiang)雨(yu)豐(feng)富(fu),占全年降(jiang)雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)三分之二(er),滿(man)(man)(man)(man)足軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang)季(ji)(ji)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需求,促(cu)(cu)進(jin)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)(chang)(chang);秋季(ji)(ji)天高(gao)(gao)(gao)氣(qi)爽、少雨(yu),有利(li)于(yu)(yu)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)糖(tang)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)轉化(hua)和(he)(he)營(ying)養物(wu)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積累(lei)(lei)。岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)滿(man)(man)(man)(man)族(zu)自(zi)治(zhi)(zhi)縣(xian)土壤(rang)以棕(zong)壤(rang)土和(he)(he)草甸土為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主,土壤(rang)有機質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)21.9g/kg,全氮含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)1.32mg/kg,有效磷含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)31.7mg/kg,有效鉀(jia)(jia)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)133mg/kg,屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)高(gao)(gao)(gao)等(deng)供(gong)(gong)鉀(jia)(jia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping),軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)喜(xi)鉀(jia)(jia)植物(wu),土壤(rang)中(zhong)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鉀(jia)(jia)離子供(gong)(gong)給,可(ke)以明顯提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)植株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)寒、抗(kang)旱的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力,增強(qiang)植株(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)抗(kang)逆性;有利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)體(ti)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)代謝、葉綠素(su)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)葉肉細胞的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)滲(shen)透性,促(cu)(cu)進(jin)葉片光(guang)合(he)作(zuo)用,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)實營(ying)養積累(lei)(lei),顯著提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)可(ke)溶性固(gu)形物(wu)和(he)(he)VC的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),檢測結果(guo)表明:岫(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)巖(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軟(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)猴(hou)(hou)(hou)(hou)桃(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)(tao)VC含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)達(da)(da)(da)166mg/kg;鉀(jia)(jia)可(ke)以促(cu)(cu)進(jin)果(guo)實中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)淀粉向糖(tang)轉化(hua)、促(cu)(cu)進(jin)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性,提(ti)高(gao)(gao)(gao)果(guo)實含(han)(han)(han)(han)糖(tang)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)(he)蛋(dan)白(bai)(bai)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含(han)(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)。
岫巖(yan)滿(man)族自(zi)治縣隸(li)屬于(yu)遼(liao)寧(ning)省鞍山(shan)市(shi)(shi),遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)半(ban)島北(bei)部,北(bei)緯(wei)40°0′~40°39′,東(dong)(dong)經122°52′~123°41′。東(dong)(dong)及東(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)與鳳(feng)城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)、東(dong)(dong)港市(shi)(shi)毗連,西與大石橋市(shi)(shi)、蓋州市(shi)(shi)為(wei)鄰,南(nan)(nan)與莊河(he)(he)市(shi)(shi)相接(jie),北(bei)及西北(bei)與遼(liao)陽縣、海城(cheng)市(shi)(shi)接(jie)壤。轄(xia)新甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、清涼山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、藥山(shan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石廟(miao)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、蘇子(zi)溝鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、偏嶺鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、朝陽鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大營(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、龍潭鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、前(qian)營(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、哈(ha)達碑鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、石灰(hui)窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、黃花(hua)甸鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、牧牛(niu)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、大房身鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、三家子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、楊家堡鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、洋(yang)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、嶺溝鄉(xiang)(xiang)、哨子(zi)河(he)(he)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、紅旗(qi)營(ying)子(zi)鄉(xiang)(xiang)、大寧(ning)街道辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、仙人咀(ju)辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、雅河(he)(he)工業經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)區、興隆經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)區、阜昌經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)區26個鄉(xiang)(xiang)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)、辦(ban)(ban)事(shi)處(chu)、經濟(ji)(ji)(ji)區,197個行政村(cun)(cun),總(zong)面積為(wei)53.45萬畝。東(dong)(dong)至大營(ying)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)陶(tao)家隈子(zi)村(cun)(cun),西至石灰(hui)窯(yao)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)坎子(zi)村(cun)(cun),北(bei)至石廟(miao)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)石棉村(cun)(cun),南(nan)(nan)至洋(yang)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)馬家堡村(cun)(cun)。岫巖(yan)軟棗獼(mi)猴(hou)桃生(sheng)產面積5000余畝,產量40萬公斤(jin)。
4.1外觀(guan)(guan)感官特征:岫巖軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃形狀不一,有圓的、橢圓的、長圓柱的、扁圓形的果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi),果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)整齊,外觀(guan)(guan)招人(ren)喜愛(ai);平均果(guo)(guo)重17.85g,最大單(dan)果(guo)(guo)重43g。果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)顏色通體(ti)碧綠(lv),有的綠(lv)中帶有紅暈;果(guo)(guo)皮(pi)極為光滑、無毛、無棱角;果(guo)(guo)肉細(xi)膩、翠(cui)綠(lv)色、皮(pi)薄汁多、酸甜適口,風味濃(nong)郁 。果(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)(shi)進入成(cheng)熟期9—10月(yue)份。
4.2內在品質(zhi)(zhi):軟棗獼(mi)猴桃被稱為水果(guo)(guo)中的(de)“VC之王”。岫巖軟棗獼(mi)猴桃果(guo)(guo)實營養豐(feng)富、品質(zhi)(zhi)優良、風味獨特、清新爽口。果(guo)(guo)肉含(han)有多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)、維(wei)(wei)(wei)生素(su)、脂肪、膳(shan)(shan)食(shi)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)、蛋白、鉀、鐵、鎂、鈣多(duo)種(zhong)(zhong)微量(liang)(liang)元(yuan)素(su)。其中維(wei)(wei)(wei)生素(su)C含(han)量(liang)(liang)150—200mg/100g,,膳(shan)(shan)食(shi)纖維(wei)(wei)(wei)含(han)量(liang)(liang)3.5-4.5g/100g,總(zong)酸(suan)(suan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)12—15g/Kg,可溶性固形物9.5%-15%,鐵含(han)量(liang)(liang)4-4.5mg/Kg,16種(zhong)(zhong)氨(an)基酸(suan)(suan)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)1.1-1.85g/100g。
4.3產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)符合(he)國家相關法律法規和國家農產(chan)品質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)安全(quan)規定。
3.1土壤管理
3.1.1園(yuan)地選擇。園(yuan)地應選擇土(tu)層深厚(hou),腐殖質(zhi)、有(you)機(ji)質(zhi)含(han)量高(gao),地下水(shui)位高(gao)于2m,疏(shu)松(song)易滲水(shui)且(qie)透(tou)氣性(xing)(xing)好的(de)(de)微酸(suan)性(xing)(xing)或中性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)土(tu)壤;氣候溫(wen)和、光照充(chong)足、雨量充(chong)沛、生長季降水(shui)均勻、灌(guan)溉水(shui)充(chong)足,無旱、晚(wan)霜(shuang)害(hai)或凍害(hai)的(de)(de)地區(qu);地勢平坦,最宜為小(xiao)于25°的(de)(de)坡(po)地,種植應選擇背(bei)陽坡(po)向的(de)(de)北坡(po)、東(dong)北坡(po)、西(xi)北坡(po)。
3.1.2土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)保持(chi)。軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃(tao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)種(zhong)植、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)產過程中(zhong)需要(yao)消耗土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力、有機(ji)質(zhi)含量(liang)等(deng),土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)自我補(bu)充能(neng)力差,需要(yao)人為(wei)(wei)對土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)力和(he)有機(ji)質(zhi)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)補(bu)充。土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)應以(yi)(yi)(yi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)為(wei)(wei)主,結合生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),減少化肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)量(liang)和(he)次(ci)(ci)數,防(fang)止(zhi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)板結和(he)鹽漬化,保持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續性。苗(miao)木(mu)定植前(qian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)定植坑(keng)底(di)部施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)和(he)菌肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),有條件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)(ke)對全(quan)園(yuan)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)用(yong)機(ji)械進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)旋(xuan)耕(geng),每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)1.5t。以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)每年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),時間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)采收(shou)后(hou)至落葉前(qian),宜(yi)(yi)早不宜(yi)(yi)晚,采用(yong)環(huan)狀(zhuang)或者條狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方式進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)。環(huan)狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)根(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)外圍挖3個長(chang)0.5m,寬0.2m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)狀(zhuang)溝,位置一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)般在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹冠投影(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)下方,以(yi)(yi)(yi)不傷根(gen)須為(wei)(wei)原則(ze),以(yi)(yi)(yi)后(hou)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝逐漸向外移動;條狀(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)樹冠投影(ying)(ying)下一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)挖寬0.4m,深(shen)0.4m的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)溝進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei),以(yi)(yi)(yi)不傷根(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)原則(ze),第二年(nian)(nian)(nian)選擇(ze)另外一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)側(ce)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)挖坑(keng),當根(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)布滿全(quan)園(yuan)時,將肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)撒施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)地面,用(yong)機(ji)械旋(xuan)耕(geng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),深(shen)度15cm—20cm,以(yi)(yi)(yi)不傷根(gen)系(xi)(xi)(xi)為(wei)(wei)原則(ze),小樹每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)300kg,進(jin)(jin)入結果期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)500kg,盛果期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樹每畝施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)700kg。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)季(ji)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)供肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)不足時,可(ke)(ke)(ke)結合滴(di)灌(guan)設施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),將可(ke)(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)性有機(ji)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)隨水進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)沖施(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。園(yuan)區(qu)實行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)制度。在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)種(zhong)植綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)作(zuo)物(wu)(wu),如草(cao)(cao)木(mu)樨(兩年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)、檉麻(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)、田(tian)菁(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)草(cao)(cao)本)等(deng),春季(ji)將行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)間(jian)(jian)(jian)旋(xuan)耕(geng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)遍(bian)即可(ke)(ke)(ke)播種(zhong),夏季(ji)盛花期至謝花期進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)刈割一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)用(yong)旋(xuan)耕(geng)機(ji)翻(fan)壓在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)里,多年(nian)(nian)(nian)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)秋季(ji)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)刈割一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)(ci)。綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)過程能(neng)使土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)難溶(rong)(rong)性養分(fen)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)轉化,以(yi)(yi)(yi)利(li)于作(zuo)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸收(shou)利(li)用(yong),綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幼(you)嫩莖葉,含有豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)養分(fen),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)旦(dan)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)腐(fu)解(jie),能(neng)大量(liang)地增(zeng)加土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有機(ji)質(zhi)和(he)氮、磷(lin)、鉀(jia)、鈣、鎂(mei)和(he)各種(zhong)微量(liang)元素,增(zeng)強(qiang)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)有機(ji)質(zhi)和(he)腐(fu)殖質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)含量(liang),促進(jin)(jin)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)中(zhong)各種(zhong)微生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物(wu)(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活動。種(zhong)植綠(lv)(lv)肥(fei)(fei)(fei)(fei)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)防(fang)風、固土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、保持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)水分(fen)含量(liang)、抑制雜(za)草(cao)(cao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)長(chang)。
3.2苗木種植(zhi) 3.2.1架(jia)(jia)勢選擇(ze)。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃為(wei)藤蔓植(zhi)物(wu),一般(ban)選擇(ze)棚架(jia)(jia)和(he)T型(xing)架(jia)(jia),架(jia)(jia)面(mian)高(gao)度(du)一般(ban)為(wei)2m,橫向寬(kuan)度(du)為(wei)5m,縱向寬(kuan)度(du)根據行(xing)間(jian)(jian)距(ju)決定。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃采用(yong)高(gao)畦的栽(zai)培方式,棚架(jia)(jia)畦面(mian)寬(kuan)2.5m,高(gao)0.1m,畦間(jian)(jian)距(ju)2.5m,種植(zhi)株行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)2m×5m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木66株,T型(xing)架(jia)(jia)畦面(mian)寬(kuan)2m,高(gao)0.1m,畦間(jian)(jian)距(ju)2m,種植(zhi)株行(xing)距(ju)為(wei)2m×4m,畝(mu)栽(zai)苗木80株。
3.2.2品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)選擇。軟棗(zao)獼猴桃具有采(cai)收(shou)期短、貯藏時間短的(de)特(te)點,在(zai)早(zao)(zao)、中(zhong)、晚熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)搭配(pei)上要合(he)(he)理,一般(ban)早(zao)(zao)熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占20%,中(zhong)熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占30%,晚熟(shu)品(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)占50%。軟棗(zao)獼猴桃為雌雄(xiong)異(yi)株(zhu)植物,在(zai)種(zhong)(zhong)植前合(he)(he)理搭配(pei)雌雄(xiong)比(bi)例,一般(ban)雌雄(xiong)比(bi)例在(zai)8:1,開(kai)花期有蜜蜂進行(xing)授(shou)粉,可適當減少雄(xiong)株(zhu)的(de)比(bi)例。
3.2.3苗木定植(zhi)(zhi)。軟棗獼猴桃定植(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)春(chun)栽也可(ke)秋栽,春(chun)栽應在地(di)面(mian)化凍(dong)50cm后(hou)(hou)(hou)進(jin)行,秋栽應在土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)上凍(dong)前進(jin)行。定植(zhi)(zhi)時,挖寬1m、深(shen)(shen)60cm的(de)定植(zhi)(zhi)溝,熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)生(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)分開堆放(fang)。先(xian)在溝底(di)放(fang)入1.5t/畝有(you)機(ji)肥,再把按1:3比例混(hun)合后(hou)(hou)(hou)的(de)地(di)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)與草炭土(tu)(tu)(tu)覆蓋在有(you)機(ji)肥上面(mian),先(xian)回(hui)填(tian)熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu),后(hou)(hou)(hou)回(hui)填(tian)生(sheng)土(tu)(tu)(tu),用(yong)空間熟(shu)(shu)土(tu)(tu)(tu)做高30㎝、寬2m的(de)畦。然后(hou)(hou)(hou)挖長、寬、各(ge)40㎝,深(shen)(shen)20㎝的(de)定植(zhi)(zhi)穴。最(zui)后(hou)(hou)(hou)把幼苗(帶土(tu)(tu)(tu)坨為佳)按雌雄(xiong)比例8:1植(zhi)(zhi)入定植(zhi)(zhi)坑,培土(tu)(tu)(tu)壓實。定植(zhi)(zhi)深(shen)(shen)度以苗木的(de)根頸部略低于畦面(mian)1cm,回(hui)填(tian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)表面(mian)應略低于畦面(mian)。培土(tu)(tu)(tu)后(hou)(hou)(hou)應及時澆(jiao)透封(feng)窩水,待封(feng)窩水完全滲(shen)下(xia)后(hou)(hou)(hou),封(feng)土(tu)(tu)(tu)蓋草保濕,防止水分蒸發。
3.2.4整形修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)。軟棗獼猴(hou)桃采(cai)用(yong)單(dan)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)雙(shuang)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)整形,定植(zhi)后(hou)第一(yi)(yi)年,選擇(ze)一(yi)(yi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)直立向上(shang)(shang)(shang)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)健壯新梢(shao)(shao)作為主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan),其(qi)(qi)它(ta)新梢(shao)(shao)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)去(qu)除(chu)(chu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)高1.8m,當新梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)架面時(shi),在架面下10cm~15cm處(chu)(chu)(chu)將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)短截,促進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)側(ce)(ce)(ce)芽(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)發(fa)(fa),選擇(ze)2個(ge)(ge)(ge)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)作為永久(jiu)性主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man),其(qi)(qi)它(ta)側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)抹去(qu),當生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)到(dao)50cm時(shi),交(jiao)叉(cha)將主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)引(yin)向東西或南北兩(liang)端,綁縛在棚架線(xian)上(shang)(shang)(shang),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)(shang)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)40~50cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)側(ce)(ce)(ce)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man))左右分(fen)開,成魚刺狀分(fen)布,翌(yi)年在側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)上(shang)(shang)(shang)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)30cm左右,交(jiao)錯(cuo)排列,均勻(yun)選留(liu)(liu)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。第三(san)年夏季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)抹芽(ya)(ya)時(shi)間(jian)在萌(meng)芽(ya)(ya)期進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行,即五月上(shang)(shang)(shang)中(zhong)旬(xun),抹除(chu)(chu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)上(shang)(shang)(shang)萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)萌(meng)蘗(bo),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)40—50cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)每(mei)(mei)隔(ge)30cm留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya),細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)處(chu)(chu)(chu)可(ke)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)頁強(qiang)壯的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)的(de)(de)(de)芽(ya)(ya)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)抹去(qu),當新梢(shao)(shao)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)20cm以上(shang)(shang)(shang)能夠(gou)辨識出花序時(shi),對(dui)過密的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和病蟲枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。直立生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)的(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)有空間(jian)留(liu)(liu)2—3個(ge)(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)重剪(jian)(jian)(jian),沒有空間(jian)之處(chu)(chu)(chu)直接疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。開花前后(hou)對(dui)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)旺盛(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在結果(guo)(guo)前留(liu)(liu)3—4片葉進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行摘(zhai)(zhai)心,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)較弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)不摘(zhai)(zhai)心,生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)發(fa)(fa)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)營養枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)(chang)至(zhi)50cm—60cm時(shi),進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行摘(zhai)(zhai)心,對(dui)于摘(zhai)(zhai)心處(chu)(chu)(chu)萌(meng)發(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)其(qi)(qi)余(yu)全(quan)部(bu)(bu)抹除(chu)(chu),副(fu)梢(shao)(shao)留(liu)(liu)2—3片葉反復(fu)摘(zhai)(zhai)心。結果(guo)(guo)期對(dui)坐果(guo)(guo)過多、過密、果(guo)(guo)實小(xiao)(xiao)、品(pin)質差的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),要(yao)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)小(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)、畸形果(guo)(guo)、過密果(guo)(guo)。植(zhi)株(zhu)(zhu)落葉后(hou)至(zhi)出現傷(shang)流(liu)前兩(liang)周(即11月中(zhong)旬(xun)到(dao)立春(chun)前)進(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)行冬季(ji)修(xiu)(xiu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian),成熟(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)顏色為褐色,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)干(gan)粗(cu)度(du)以0.8cm—1.0cm為宜,留(liu)(liu)1.7—1.8m剪(jian)(jian)(jian)截;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)粗(cu)度(du)以0.8cm—1.0cm為宜,每(mei)(mei)側(ce)(ce)(ce)留(liu)(liu)0.8m;側(ce)(ce)(ce)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)成熟(shu)(shu),每(mei)(mei)年剪(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)0.8m—1.2m;結果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粗(cu)度(du)達到(dao)0.6cm以上(shang)(shang)(shang),枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條(tiao)(tiao)(tiao)完全(quan)成熟(shu)(shu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)留(liu)(liu)50cm左右,每(mei)(mei)平方米保留(liu)(liu)中(zhong)、長(chang)(chang)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)4—5個(ge)(ge)(ge),短枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)如不過密,應盡(jin)量(liang)保留(liu)(liu),強(qiang)勢的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)輕(qing)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)多留(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya),細弱(ruo)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)母枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)重剪(jian)(jian)(jian)少留(liu)(liu)芽(ya)(ya);對(dui)于有空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)、粗(cu)壯的(de)(de)(de)、芽(ya)(ya)眼(yan)(yan)飽滿的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),在坐果(guo)(guo)前3—4個(ge)(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)眼(yan)(yan)前剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu),無空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)在坐果(guo)(guo)處(chu)(chu)(chu)剪(jian)(jian)(jian)去(qu);對(dui)于主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)蔓(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)(man)基部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)徒長(chang)(chang)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從基部(bu)(bu)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu),其(qi)(qi)余(yu)有空間(jian)擴展的(de)(de)(de)留(liu)(liu)3—4個(ge)(ge)(ge)芽(ya)(ya)重剪(jian)(jian)(jian),無空間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)疏(shu)除(chu)(chu)。
3.2.5枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。軟(ruan)棗獼猴桃(tao)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)容易上(shang)升或外移,需要及時(shi)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。如果(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)基部(bu)(bu)(bu)有生(sheng)長(chang)充實健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或發育(yu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),可將(jiang)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)回縮到健壯(zhuang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位(wei)。若結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)生(sheng)長(chang)過弱或其(qi)上(shang)分枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)過高,冬季修剪(jian)時(shi),應將(jiang)其(qi)從基部(bu)(bu)(bu)潛(qian)伏芽(ya)剪(jian)掉(diao),促(cu)使潛(qian)伏芽(ya)萌發,選擇(ze)一(yi)個健壯(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)梢作為明(ming)年(nian)(nian)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通常每年(nian)(nian)全(quan)(quan)樹1/3左右的(de)(de)(de)結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)母(mu)(mu)(mu)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)進(jin)行更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。對已結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)條一(yi)般2~3年(nian)(nian)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)一(yi)次;多年(nian)(nian)生(sheng)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓分局部(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)和全(quan)(quan)株更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)。局部(bu)(bu)(bu)更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就是把部(bu)(bu)(bu)分衰老(lao)和結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)能(neng)力(li)下降的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓剪(jian)掉(diao),促(cu)使發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)(xin)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓,這種更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)對產量(liang)影響不(bu)大。全(quan)(quan)株更(geng)(geng)(geng)新(xin)(xin)(xin)就是當全(quan)(quan)株失去結(jie)(jie)果(guo)(guo)能(neng)力(li)時(shi),將(jiang)老(lao)蔓一(yi)次性從基部(bu)(bu)(bu)剪(jian)掉(diao),利(li)用新(xin)(xin)(xin)發出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)明(ming)蘗枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),重(zhong)新(xin)(xin)(xin)整形。疏枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)枝(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)蔓時(shi)要注(zhu)意(yi)剪(jian)鋸口(kou)一(yi)定要盡量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)短,不(bu)留枯死橛,促(cu)進(jin)較(jiao)(jiao)大傷(shang)口(kou)盡快愈合,否則傷(shang)口(kou)愈合不(bu)良會引起樹干腐爛。
3.3水(shui)分管理。植(zhi)株(zhu)生長階段(duan)當土壤含水(shui)量地(di)低于(yu)(yu)50%時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)及時進行(xing)灌(guan)水(shui)。萌芽前(qian)應(ying)(ying)(ying)澆(jiao)透水(shui)一次(ci),滿足生長的(de)需(xu)要,開花期控制澆(jiao)水(shui)的(de)次(ci)數和用量,開花后應(ying)(ying)(ying)及時灌(guan)水(shui),果實(shi)膨(peng)大期植(zhi)株(zhu)需(xu)水(shui)較多(duo),持續晴天(tian)環境下(xia),應(ying)(ying)(ying)每周澆(jiao)灌(guan)水(shui)一次(ci),果實(shi)成熟前(qian)15天(tian)停(ting)止澆(jiao)水(shui),軟棗獼(mi)猴桃休(xiu)眠期間,在土壤上凍前(qian)(岫巖地(di)區11月中旬(xun))澆(jiao)一邊(bian)透水(shui)。雨季土壤含水(shui)量大于(yu)(yu)80%時,應(ying)(ying)(ying)進行(xing)排水(shui)。
3.4肥(fei)(fei)料管理。軟棗獼猴桃在不(bu)同(tong)生長(chang)發育(yu)階段對肥(fei)(fei)的需求不(bu)同(tong),一年中施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)包括萌芽肥(fei)(fei)、花(hua)后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)、果(guo)實膨(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)及基肥(fei)(fei),基肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)有機肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,落葉(xie)后(hou)至土壤上凍前使用(yong),宜早(zao)不(bu)宜晚,萌芽肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)速(su)效性(xing)氮肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)少量,氮磷鉀(jia)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)2:1:1,岫巖地區施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時間(jian)(jian)在4月中下(xia)旬(xun)(xun);花(hua)后(hou)肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,少施(shi)氮肥(fei)(fei),促進軟棗獼猴桃的生殖生長(chang),氮磷鉀(jia)比(bi)例(li)為(wei)1:2:2,岫巖地區施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)時間(jian)(jian)在6月中下(xia)旬(xun)(xun);果(guo)實膨(peng)大肥(fei)(fei)以(yi)鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)為(wei)主,提升(sheng)果(guo)實品質(zhi),磷鉀(jia)肥(fei)(fei)的比(bi)例(li)為(wei)1:2。施(shi)肥(fei)(fei)方式可隨水進行施(shi)肥(fei)(fei),也可采用(yong)葉(xie)面噴(pen)肥(fei)(fei)。
3.5病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)護。病蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)防(fang)護的原(yuan)則是(shi)預防(fang)為(wei)主,治療為(wei)輔,物理防(fang)治、化(hua)學防(fang)治、生(sheng)物防(fang)治、機械(xie)防(fang)治綜合利用。就目(mu)前(qian)(qian)(qian)岫(xiu)巖地(di)區種植(zhi)軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)桃發(fa)現(xian),種植(zhi)過程中僅出(chu)現(xian)蟲(chong)害(hai)(hai)2種(紅(hong)(hong)蜘蛛、美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e)(e))病害(hai)(hai)1種(莖基(ji)腐病)以及自然(ran)凍害(hai)(hai)。紅(hong)(hong)蜘蛛一般發(fa)生(sheng)在(zai)(zai)(zai)軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)桃剛發(fa)芽期(qi)間,岫(xiu)巖地(di)區出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)4月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬,防(fang)治方(fang)法(fa)在(zai)(zai)(zai)越(yue)(yue)冬卵(luan)孵化(hua)前(qian)(qian)(qian)刮(gua)樹(shu)皮并集(ji)(ji)中燒(shao)(shao)毀,刮(gua)皮后在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干涂白(bai)(石灰水)殺死大(da)部分越(yue)(yue)冬卵(luan),早春進行(xing)(xing)翻地(di),清除(chu)地(di)面(mian)雜草(cao)(cao),保持(chi)越(yue)(yue)冬卵(luan)孵化(hua)期(qi)間田間沒有雜草(cao)(cao),在(zai)(zai)(zai)紅(hong)(hong)蜘蛛上(shang)樹(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian),用無毒不干粘(zhan)蟲(chong)膠在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干中涂一閉合粘(zhan)膠環,環寬約(yue)1厘米,2個月(yue)左(zuo)右再(zai)涂一次(ci),可有效防(fang)治紅(hong)(hong)蜘蛛;春季季候變(bian)化(hua)較大(da),突然(ran)的大(da)幅(fu)度降溫(wen)容(rong)易引(yin)起軟(ruan)棗(zao)獼(mi)猴(hou)(hou)桃的凍害(hai)(hai),預防(fang)方(fang)法(fa)為(wei)收聽天氣預報(bao),做好預防(fang)工(gong)作,出(chu)現(xian)大(da)幅(fu)度降溫(wen)可通過園區澆水或者生(sheng)煙的方(fang)式預防(fang);美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e)(e)岫(xiu)巖地(di)區出(chu)現(xian)在(zai)(zai)(zai)6月(yue)下(xia)(xia)旬7月(yue)上(shang)旬,發(fa)現(xian)美國(guo)白(bai)蛾(e)(e)少量可進行(xing)(xing)人(ren)工(gong)捕捉,成蟲(chong)具有趨光性(xing),懸(xuan)掛殺蟲(chong)燈誘殺成蟲(chong);根據老熟幼蟲(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)化(hua)蛹的特性(xing),于老熟幼蟲(chong)下(xia)(xia)樹(shu)前(qian)(qian)(qian),在(zai)(zai)(zai)樹(shu)干1.5m高處(chu),用谷草(cao)(cao)、稻(dao)草(cao)(cao)等(deng)圍成上(shang)緊下(xia)(xia)松的草(cao)(cao)把,誘集(ji)(ji)老熟幼蟲(chong)集(ji)(ji)中化(hua)蛹,發(fa)生(sheng)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)大(da)時,每隔一周換(huan)一次(ci)草(cao)(cao)把,解下(xia)(xia)的草(cao)(cao)把集(ji)(ji)中燒(shao)(shao)毀。
5.1協議(yi)(yi):符合要(yao)求(qiu)的標志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用人與證書(shu)持有人簽訂使(shi)(shi)用協議(yi)(yi)。明確標志(zhi)使(shi)(shi)用范圍、使(shi)(shi)用對象、使(shi)(shi)用方法等,協議(yi)(yi)生效后,按照地(di)理(li)標志(zhi)管(guan)理(li)有關規定(ding)操作。
5.2包裝:銷售的岫(xiu)巖(yan)軟棗(zao)獼猴桃(tao)按(an)照(zhao)《中(zhong)華人民共和國農產(chan)品(pin)質量安全法》和《農產(chan)品(pin)地理標志(zhi)管理辦法》的相關規定(ding)進行包裝。
5.3標志(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)使(shi)用:岫(xiu)巖軟棗獼猴桃地域范(fan)(fan)圍內的(de)(de)生產經營者,如需在產品(pin)(pin)或包裝(zhuang)上使(shi)用農產品(pin)(pin)地理標志(zhi)(zhi),須向登記(ji)證書持(chi)有人(ren)提出(chu)申請,并按照(zhao)相(xiang)關規范(fan)(fan)生產和(he)標志(zhi)(zhi)使(shi)用,統一采用產品(pin)(pin)名稱(cheng)和(he)農產品(pin)(pin)地理標志(zhi)(zhi)公共標識相(xiang)結合的(de)(de)標識標注方法(fa)。