東(dong)山白沙枇杷(pa)呈(cheng)鵝黃色,果形扁圓,平(ping)均單果重35克,肉厚皮薄易剝,果肉潔白晶瑩,入口(kou)而化,甘甜微酸、風味濃郁,爽口(kou)不膩,汁多核小、可食率高。品質優。
蘇州市吳中區東(dong)山鎮所(suo)轄(xia)渡(du)口村、渡(du)橋村、吳巷(xiang)村、潦里村、新潦村、雙灣村、太湖(hu)村、莫厘(li)村、碧螺村、楊(yang)灣村、陸巷(xiang)村、三山村、洞(dong)庭社(she)(she)區共計13個行(xing)政村(社(she)(she)區)。地理坐標為東(dong)經(jing)120°20′~120°27′,北緯31°00′~31°07′,種植面積(ji)在1666公頃。
土(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)貌情況:蘇州東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)處長江(jiang)中(zhong)下游太湖(hu)流(liu)域(yu)之濱,是太湖(hu)中(zhong)的(de)一座半島,被東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)脈(mo)分(fen)成前(qian)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)和(he)后(hou)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)兩部分(fen),呈東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)——西(xi)(xi)(xi)南走向(xiang),東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高、西(xi)(xi)(xi)南低。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮地(di)(di)貌主要為低山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵、山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)前(qian)平(ping)(ping)原和(he)濱湖(hu)灘地(di)(di)等類型,東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)總面(mian)積(ji)96.55平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi),其(qi)中(zhong)陸地(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)50.5平(ping)(ping)方(fang)千米(mi),占52.3%。栽(zai)培區域(yu)土(tu)層深厚、土(tu)壤(rang)肥沃,以石質黃土(tu)、深厚肥沃的(de)沙(sha)土(tu)構成山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)、平(ping)(ping)原果園土(tu)壤(rang),養(yang)分(fen)充足,pH約為6.7,有(you)機質含(han)量3.65%,適(shi)宜(yi)果茶林生長。水文(wen)情況:東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)半島北(bei)(bei)(bei)、西(xi)(xi)(xi)、南三面(mian)環太湖(hu)水,東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)境(jing)內擁有(you)大(da)小(xiao)37條(tiao)河道(dao)。渡水港(gang)北(bei)(bei)(bei)起(qi)小(xiao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)口(kou),西(xi)(xi)(xi)南至白(bai)浮(fu)門出太湖(hu),縱貫(guan)境(jing)域(yu),全(quan)長12千米(mi)。大(da)缺(que)港(gang)地(di)(di)處東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei),橫越東(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)(xi),連接(jie)小(xiao)北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)與東(dong)(dong)太湖(hu),隔岸即臨(lin)湖(hu)鎮,全(quan)長3千米(mi)。雕鶚(e)河通渡水港(gang),在擺渡口(kou)與大(da)缺(que)港(gang)交匯后(hou)入臨(lin)湖(hu)境(jing),與黃洋灣相(xiang)接(jie),全(quan)長3.5千米(mi)。栽(zai)培區域(yu)的(de)澆(jiao)灌水源均為天(tian)然雨水、太湖(hu)水。
氣(qi)候(hou)情況(kuang):東山地處(chu)北亞熱帶,具有明顯的季風氣(qi)候(hou)特(te)點(dian),又受太(tai)湖小氣(qi)候(hou)環境影響,日照充足,年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫16℃,平(ping)均濕(shi)(shi)度76%,溫暖(nuan)濕(shi)(shi)潤,無(wu)霜期298天,年平(ping)均降雨量1139㎜,雨水充沛(pei)。
人(ren)文歷史情況:東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮是(shi)全(quan)國白(bai)沙類枇(pi)杷(pa)的(de)(de)(de)主產(chan)(chan)(chan)區,是(shi)全(quan)國枇(pi)杷(pa)傳統四大(da)產(chan)(chan)(chan)區之一(yi),也是(shi)全(quan)國枇(pi)杷(pa)栽(zai)培(pei)的(de)(de)(de)最北緣(yuan)地區。東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮環(huan)境優越,種(zhong)質(zhi)資源豐富,在(zai)農(nong)戶長(chang)期精(jing)心栽(zai)培(pei)和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)條件影響下,果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)分布,形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了特殊的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)茶間(jian)種(zhong)栽(zai)培(pei)模式并(bing)沿用(yong)(yong)至今。東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)栽(zai)培(pei)歷史悠(you)久,各代白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)均是(shi)當地農(nong)民(min)、科研(yan)人(ren)員精(jing)心選(xuan)育和(he)(he)自(zi)然(ran)選(xuan)擇(ze)的(de)(de)(de)結果(guo),先后有(you)“金(jin)罐(guan)”、“銀罐(guan)”、“雞蛋白(bai)”、“照種(zhong)”、“白(bai)玉”、“冠玉”等優質(zhi)白(bai)沙品種(zhong)。農(nong)戶遵循(xun)著(zhu)綠肥還田、有(you)機(ji)循(xun)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)方式,將間(jian)種(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)茶樹修剪枝、園內(nei)雜草等覆于枇(pi)杷(pa)種(zhong)植穴上(shang),同時開(kai)塘(tang)擴穴,將國家首批(pi)種(zhong)質(zhi)資源保護區——湖羊所產(chan)(chan)(chan)羊糞腐熟后施(shi)用(yong)(yong),使(shi)得土壤肥沃(wo),枇(pi)杷(pa)樹生(sheng)長(chang)旺盛,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)出來的(de)(de)(de)東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)深受市場歡迎,并(bing)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了一(yi)定的(de)(de)(de)規模,銷(xiao)往江(jiang)蘇、浙江(jiang)、上(shang)海、北京等全(quan)國各地,經濟效(xiao)益好,使(shi)得東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇(pi)杷(pa)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)東山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)鎮第一(yi)大(da)果(guo)品。
感(gan)觀(guan)特征:東山白沙(sha)枇杷呈鵝黃(huang)色(se)(se),果形扁圓,平均單果重(zhong)35克(ke),肉厚皮薄易剝,果肉潔白晶瑩,入口而化(hua),甘甜微(wei)酸、風味濃郁,爽(shuang)口不膩,汁多核小、可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率高。品(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優。內在品(pin)(pin)質(zhi):東山白沙(sha)枇杷可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物(wu)13%~16%,總酸(以檸檬酸計)0.20%~0.35%,含(han)水(shui)率80%~90%,可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率70%~75%,維生素C 110~150 mg/kg。安(an)(an)全要求(qiu)(qiu):東山白沙(sha)枇杷主要產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)符合(he)綠(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)要求(qiu)(qiu);產品(pin)(pin)也(ye)符合(he)綠(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin)的要求(qiu)(qiu)。GB3095-1996大氣質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun) GB 20287 農(nong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)微(wei)生物(wu)菌劑 GB4285-1989農(nong)藥安(an)(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun) GB 2763 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)安(an)(an)全國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun) 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)中(zhong)農(nong)藥最大殘(can)留限(xian)量(liang)(liang) GB/T 8321(所有(you)部分(fen)) 農(nong)藥合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze) GB 12475 農(nong)藥貯運、銷(xiao)售(shou)和使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的防毒規程 NY/T 391 綠(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 產地(di)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang)(liang) NY/T 1667(所有(you)部分(fen)) 農(nong)藥登(deng)記管理(li)術語 NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 農(nong)藥使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)色(se)(se)食(shi)品(pin)(pin) 肥(fei)料(liao)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》 NY 525 有(you)機肥(fei)料(liao) NY/T 798 復合(he)微(wei)生物(wu)肥(fei)料(liao) NY 884 生物(wu)有(you)機肥(fei)。