東(dong)山白沙枇杷呈鵝(e)黃色,果形扁圓,平均單(dan)果重35克,肉(rou)厚皮薄易剝,果肉(rou)潔(jie)白晶(jing)瑩,入口(kou)而(er)化,甘甜(tian)微酸、風味濃郁,爽口(kou)不膩,汁多核(he)小、可食率(lv)高。品(pin)質優。
蘇(su)州市吳(wu)中區東(dong)山(shan)鎮所(suo)轄渡(du)口村(cun)(cun)、渡(du)橋村(cun)(cun)、吳(wu)巷(xiang)村(cun)(cun)、潦里村(cun)(cun)、新潦村(cun)(cun)、雙灣村(cun)(cun)、太湖村(cun)(cun)、莫厘村(cun)(cun)、碧螺村(cun)(cun)、楊(yang)灣村(cun)(cun)、陸巷(xiang)村(cun)(cun)、三山(shan)村(cun)(cun)、洞庭社區共計13個行政村(cun)(cun)(社區)。地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經120°20′~120°27′,北緯31°00′~31°07′,種(zhong)植面(mian)積(ji)在1666公(gong)頃。
土(tu)(tu)壤地(di)貌情(qing)況:蘇(su)州東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)地(di)處長(chang)(chang)江中(zhong)下游太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)流域(yu)之濱(bin),是(shi)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)中(zhong)的一座半(ban)島,被東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)山(shan)(shan)脈分成前山(shan)(shan)和(he)(he)后山(shan)(shan)兩部(bu)分,呈東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)——西(xi)南(nan)走(zou)向,東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei)高、西(xi)南(nan)低(di)。東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)鎮(zhen)地(di)貌主要為低(di)山(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)、山(shan)(shan)前平(ping)原(yuan)和(he)(he)濱(bin)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)灘地(di)等類型,東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)總(zong)面(mian)積(ji)96.55平(ping)方千(qian)米,其中(zhong)陸地(di)面(mian)積(ji)50.5平(ping)方千(qian)米,占52.3%。栽培(pei)區域(yu)土(tu)(tu)層深(shen)厚、土(tu)(tu)壤肥(fei)沃,以石質黃(huang)(huang)土(tu)(tu)、深(shen)厚肥(fei)沃的沙土(tu)(tu)構成山(shan)(shan)地(di)、平(ping)原(yuan)果園土(tu)(tu)壤,養分充足,pH約為6.7,有機質含(han)量3.65%,適宜果茶林(lin)生長(chang)(chang)。水文(wen)情(qing)況:東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)半(ban)島北(bei)(bei)(bei)、西(xi)、南(nan)三面(mian)環太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水,東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)境(jing)(jing)內擁有大(da)小37條河道(dao)。渡水港北(bei)(bei)(bei)起小北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)口,西(xi)南(nan)至白浮門(men)出(chu)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),縱貫(guan)境(jing)(jing)域(yu),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)12千(qian)米。大(da)缺港地(di)處東(dong)(dong)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)北(bei)(bei)(bei),橫越東(dong)(dong)西(xi),連接(jie)小北(bei)(bei)(bei)湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)與(yu)(yu)東(dong)(dong)太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu),隔岸即(ji)臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)鎮(zhen),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)3千(qian)米。雕鶚(e)河通(tong)渡水港,在擺渡口與(yu)(yu)大(da)缺港交匯后入臨湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)境(jing)(jing),與(yu)(yu)黃(huang)(huang)洋灣(wan)相接(jie),全(quan)長(chang)(chang)3.5千(qian)米。栽培(pei)區域(yu)的澆灌水源均為天然雨水、太湖(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)(hu)水。
氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)情況:東山地處北亞熱帶,具有明顯的季(ji)風氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)特點,又受(shou)太湖小氣(qi)候(hou)(hou)環境影響,日照充足(zu),年平(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)16℃,平(ping)均濕(shi)度76%,溫(wen)暖濕(shi)潤,無霜(shuang)期298天(tian),年平(ping)均降雨(yu)量(liang)1139㎜,雨(yu)水充沛。
人文歷史情(qing)況:東山(shan)鎮是(shi)全國白沙類(lei)枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)的(de)主產(chan)(chan)區(qu),是(shi)全國枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)傳統四大產(chan)(chan)區(qu)之(zhi)一(yi),也是(shi)全國枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)的(de)最(zui)北緣地(di)區(qu)。東山(shan)鎮環(huan)境(jing)優越(yue),種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源豐(feng)富,在(zai)農戶長期精心(xin)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)和(he)自然條件影響下,果(guo)(guo)茶(cha)間種(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)布(bu),形(xing)成(cheng)了特殊的(de)果(guo)(guo)茶(cha)間種(zhong)(zhong)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)模式(shi)并沿用至今。東山(shan)白沙枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)栽培(pei)(pei)(pei)歷史悠久,各代白沙枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)均是(shi)當地(di)農民、科研人員精心(xin)選(xuan)育(yu)和(he)自然選(xuan)擇的(de)結果(guo)(guo),先后有“金(jin)罐(guan)”、“銀(yin)罐(guan)”、“雞蛋白”、“照種(zhong)(zhong)”、“白玉(yu)”、“冠玉(yu)”等優質(zhi)白沙品種(zhong)(zhong)。農戶遵(zun)循著綠(lv)肥還田、有機循環(huan)的(de)生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)方式(shi),將間種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)茶(cha)樹(shu)修剪枝、園內雜(za)草等覆于枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)種(zhong)(zhong)植穴(xue)上(shang),同時開塘擴穴(xue),將國家首批種(zhong)(zhong)質(zhi)資(zi)源保護區(qu)——湖羊所產(chan)(chan)羊糞腐熟后施用,使得(de)土(tu)壤肥沃,枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)樹(shu)生(sheng)(sheng)長旺盛(sheng),生(sheng)(sheng)產(chan)(chan)出(chu)來(lai)的(de)東山(shan)白沙枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)深受市場歡迎,并形(xing)成(cheng)了一(yi)定的(de)規模,銷往(wang)江蘇、浙(zhe)江、上(shang)海、北京(jing)等全國各地(di),經(jing)濟(ji)效益(yi)好,使得(de)東山(shan)白沙枇(pi)(pi)杷(pa)成(cheng)為東山(shan)鎮第一(yi)大果(guo)(guo)品。
感(gan)觀特征(zheng):東山(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇杷呈鵝黃色,果(guo)形扁圓,平均單果(guo)重35克(ke),肉厚皮薄易(yi)剝,果(guo)肉潔(jie)白(bai)晶瑩,入口而化,甘甜(tian)微(wei)酸(suan)、風味濃郁(yu),爽口不膩,汁(zhi)多核小、可食(shi)率高。品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)優。內在品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi):東山(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇杷可溶性固(gu)形物13%~16%,總酸(suan)(以檸檬(meng)酸(suan)計(ji))0.20%~0.35%,含水率80%~90%,可食(shi)率70%~75%,維生(sheng)素(su)C 110~150 mg/kg。安(an)全要(yao)(yao)求:東山(shan)(shan)白(bai)沙枇杷主要(yao)(yao)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)符合(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)要(yao)(yao)求;產(chan)品(pin)(pin)(pin)也符合(he)綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)求。GB3095-1996大氣質(zhi)量(liang)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) GB 20287 農(nong)(nong)(nong)用(yong)微(wei)生(sheng)物菌劑 GB4285-1989農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) GB 2763 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)安(an)全國家標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun) 食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin)中農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)最大殘留(liu)限量(liang) GB/T 8321(所有(you)部分) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)合(he)理(li)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze) GB 12475 農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)貯(zhu)運、銷售和使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)防毒規程(cheng) NY/T 391 綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 產(chan)地(di)環(huan)境(jing)質(zhi)量(liang) NY/T 1667(所有(you)部分) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)登記管理(li)術語(yu) NY/T 393-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 農(nong)(nong)(nong)藥(yao)(yao)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》 NY/T 394-2013 《綠(lv)(lv)(lv)色食(shi)品(pin)(pin)(pin) 肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao)使(shi)用(yong)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)則(ze)》 NY 525 有(you)機肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao) NY/T 798 復合(he)微(wei)生(sheng)物肥(fei)料(liao)(liao)(liao) NY 884 生(sheng)物有(you)機肥(fei)。