2018年(nian)9月29日(ri),中華(hua)人民共(gong)和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式批準對“黃(huang)田荔(li)枝”實施國家農(nong)產(chan)品地理標志(zhi)登記(ji)保護。荔(li)枝是(shi)(shi)著名(ming)的(de)嶺(ling)南四大佳(jia)果之(zhi)一,色香味皆美,堪稱“果王”。黃(huang)田荔(li)枝的(de)范圍主要是(shi)(shi)在(zai)寶安區(qu)。“黃(huang)田荔(li)枝”深圳市寶安區(qu)種植(zhi)荔(li)枝最(zui)初在(zai)主產(chan)區(qu)黃(huang)田開始了種植(zhi),而且品質(zhi)好、規模大,對外(wai)(wai)影響(xiang)力大,所以(yi)外(wai)(wai)界稱“黃(huang)田荔(li)枝”。
黃田(tian)荔枝產(chan)于廣東省(sheng)深圳(zhen)市(shi)西北部(bu)寶安(an)區(qu),南接深圳(zhen)經(jing)濟(ji)特(te)區(qu),北連東莞市(shi),東瀕大鵬灣,臨望香港新界、元朗,地域保護范(fan)圍(wei)覆蓋整(zheng)個寶安(an)區(qu)航城(cheng)街(jie)道的黃田(tian)、鐘屋、后瑞、草圍(wei)、九圍(wei)、三圍(wei)、鶴洲、利錦、黃麻布等9個社(she)區(qu)(居民委員會(hui)),地理位置地理坐標(biao)為東經(jing)113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北緯(wei)22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植面(mian)積(ji)175公頃,年產(chan)量500噸。
地(di)形(xing)地(di)貌情(qing)況:產區(qu)(qu)寶(bao)(bao)安(an)區(qu)(qu)地(di)形(xing)較(jiao)為(wei)復雜(za),主(zhu)要為(wei)低山、丘(qiu)陵、臺地(di)和平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)拔為(wei)寶(bao)(bao)安(an)區(qu)(qu)大茅山377米。地(di)勢東(dong)北(bei)高(gao)(gao)西(xi)南低,東(dong)北(bei)部(bu)主(zhu)要為(wei)低山,中(zhong)(zhong)部(bu)及北(bei)部(bu)主(zhu)要為(wei)丘(qiu)陵臺地(di),西(xi)部(bu)主(zhu)要是沖積(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)原(yuan)(yuan),并殘(can)存一些低丘(qiu),而西(xi)南海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸多(duo)為(wei)泥岸,灘涂(tu)資(zi)源豐富(fu)。主(zhu)要山脈屬(shu)蓮花山系(xi)(xi),由羊(yang)臺山、鳳凰山等(deng)構成(cheng)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸屏障。土壤條件(jian):產區(qu)(qu)土壤以(yi)(yi)微(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)的沙質紅壤為(wei)主(zhu),土層深厚疏松、透氣(qi)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)好,保(bao)水(shui)(shui)(shui)保(bao)肥力強,土壤pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)機(ji)質和礦物元(yuan)素豐富(fu),有(you)機(ji)質含(han)量(liang)1%,富(fu)含(han)腐殖質,排水(shui)(shui)(shui)良好的微(wei)酸性(xing)(xing)土。水(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:全區(qu)(qu)面積(ji)(ji)93平(ping)(ping)方公里,海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸線長8.71公里。轄(xia)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)力資(zi)源豐富(fu),以(yi)(yi)海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)岸山脈為(wei)分(fen)水(shui)(shui)(shui)嶺,可分(fen)為(wei)東(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)和珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)。域(yu)區(qu)(qu)內(nei)河(he)流屬(shu)珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi),有(you)大小(xiao)河(he)流10余條且以(yi)(yi)山溪性(xing)(xing)河(he)流為(wei)主(zhu),東(dong)江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)位(wei)于東(dong)部(bu),主(zhu)要有(you)觀瀾河(he);珠江(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)口(kou)水(shui)(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)位(wei)于西(xi)部(bu),主(zhu)要有(you)西(xi)鄉河(he)、九圍(wei)河(he)、三支渠。區(qu)(qu)內(nei)已(yi)建有(you)中(zhong)(zhong)、小(xiao)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)數(shu)十座,其中(zhong)(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku)有(you)三座,分(fen)別(bie)是羅田水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)20km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容2600萬(wan)m3;石巖(yan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)44km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容3180m3;鐵崗水(shui)(shui)(shui)庫(ku)(ku):控制集(ji)(ji)水(shui)(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)64km2,總(zong)庫(ku)(ku)容8010萬(wan)m3。氣(qi)候情(qing)況:寶(bao)(bao)安(an)區(qu)(qu)屬(shu)亞熱帶海(hai)(hai)(hai)(hai)洋性(xing)(xing)氣(qi)候,日照(zhao)充(chong)足,雨量(liang)充(chong)沛,溫(wen)差振(zhen)幅小(xiao),年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均氣(qi)溫(wen)22.℃,7月(yue)份(fen)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)35°C,1月(yue)份(fen)最(zui)冷為(wei)5°C,年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均降雨量(liang)1450毫米,且集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)在4-9月(yue)份(fen);年(nian)平(ping)(ping)均日照(zhao)時數(shu)2134.2小(xiao)時,2-3月(yue)份(fen)日照(zhao)最(zui)少,7月(yue)份(fen)日照(zhao)最(zui)多(duo)。每年(nian)11月(yue)至(zhi)翌年(nian)2月(yue)低溫(wen)、少雨,有(you)利(li)于荔(li)枝開花結果;7-10月(yue)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)多(duo)雨,有(you)利(li)于荔(li)枝梢(shao)生長。
外在(zai)(zai)感官特征:黃田荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)品種(zhong)較(jiao)多,主要(yao)(yao)以桂(gui)味(wei)(wei)和糯米糍為主。桂(gui)味(wei)(wei)荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟期(qi)6月中(zhong)下(xia)旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)鮮(xian)紅色或鮮(xian)紅帶墨綠(lv)色塊(kuai),中(zhong)等大,單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥16.0克(ke),果(guo)(guo)(guo)近似圓(yuan)(yuan)形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩平(ping),龜(gui)裂(lie)片凸(tu)起(qi),裂(lie)紋明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian),裂(lie)片峰銳尖,稍刺手,縫(feng)合(he)(he)線明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉乳白色,質厚實(shi),爽脆清甜,有桂(gui)花香(xiang)味(wei)(wei),核小,多退化。糯米糍荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)成(cheng)熟期(qi)6月中(zhong)下(xia)旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)皮鮮(xian)紅色,較(jiao)大,單(dan)果(guo)(guo)(guo)重(zhong)≥20.0克(ke),果(guo)(guo)(guo)扁心形(xing),果(guo)(guo)(guo)頂渾圓(yuan)(yuan),果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩一邊隆起(qi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)梗粗,斜生與(yu)果(guo)(guo)(guo)肩成(cheng)約(yue)45度斜角,龜(gui)裂(lie)片大,微(wei)隆,裂(lie)片峰平(ping)滑(hua),縫(feng)合(he)(he)線明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯(xian)(xian),表面(mian)比較(jiao)平(ping)滑(hua)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)肉半透明(ming)(ming)(ming)肉軟滑(hua)細嫩,多汁(zhi),味(wei)(wei)濃甜,微(wei)香(xiang)。內在(zai)(zai)品質指標(biao):黃田荔(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)營(ying)養價值(zhi)豐富。桂(gui)味(wei)(wei)可食率(lv)≥73%,可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)含(han)維生素C≥18mg,可滴定酸(suan)度≤1.4g/kg;糯米糍可食率(lv)≥81%,可溶性固形(xing)物(wu)≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)汁(zhi)含(han)維生素C≥17mg,可滴定酸(suan)度≤1.45g/kg。安(an)全要(yao)(yao)求(qiu):產地環境、投入品使用和產品質量均符合(he)(he)國家相關標(biao)準(zhun)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)。