2018年9月29日,中華人民(min)共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村部正式批(pi)準對(dui)“黃(huang)田(tian)荔(li)(li)(li)枝”實施國家農(nong)產品地理標志登記保(bao)護。荔(li)(li)(li)枝是(shi)著名的嶺(ling)南四(si)大佳果之一,色香味皆美,堪稱“果王”。黃(huang)田(tian)荔(li)(li)(li)枝的范圍主要是(shi)在(zai)寶(bao)安區(qu)(qu)。“黃(huang)田(tian)荔(li)(li)(li)枝”深圳市寶(bao)安區(qu)(qu)種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)荔(li)(li)(li)枝最(zui)初在(zai)主產區(qu)(qu)黃(huang)田(tian)開始(shi)了種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi),而(er)且品質好、規(gui)模大,對(dui)外影(ying)響力(li)大,所以外界稱“黃(huang)田(tian)荔(li)(li)(li)枝”。
黃(huang)田荔枝(zhi)產于廣東(dong)省深(shen)圳(zhen)市西北(bei)(bei)部寶安區,南(nan)接(jie)深(shen)圳(zhen)經濟特區,北(bei)(bei)連東(dong)莞市,東(dong)瀕大(da)鵬灣,臨望香港新界、元朗,地(di)域(yu)保護范(fan)圍覆蓋(gai)整個寶安區航城街道的黃(huang)田、鐘屋、后瑞、草圍、九圍、三圍、鶴洲、利錦(jin)、黃(huang)麻布(bu)等9個社區(居民委員會(hui)),地(di)理位置地(di)理坐標為東(dong)經113°49′36″-113°54′50″,北(bei)(bei)緯(wei)22°33′28″~22°41′40″。現種植面積175公(gong)頃,年產量500噸。
地(di)形地(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):產(chan)區寶(bao)安(an)(an)區地(di)形較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)復雜,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低山(shan)(shan)、丘陵、臺(tai)(tai)地(di)和(he)(he)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原,最(zui)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔(ba)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)寶(bao)安(an)(an)區大(da)茅山(shan)(shan)377米。地(di)勢東北(bei)(bei)高(gao)(gao)西(xi)南(nan)低,東北(bei)(bei)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)低山(shan)(shan),中(zhong)部(bu)及(ji)北(bei)(bei)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)丘陵臺(tai)(tai)地(di),西(xi)部(bu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是沖積(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原,并(bing)殘存一些低丘,而西(xi)南(nan)海(hai)岸(an)(an)多為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)泥岸(an)(an),灘涂(tu)資(zi)源豐(feng)富。主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)屬蓮花山(shan)(shan)系(xi)(xi),由羊臺(tai)(tai)山(shan)(shan)、鳳凰山(shan)(shan)等構(gou)成海(hai)岸(an)(an)屏障。土壤(rang)條件:產(chan)區土壤(rang)以(yi)微(wei)酸(suan)性的沙質紅(hong)壤(rang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),土層深厚疏松、透氣(qi)性能好,保水(shui)(shui)保肥力(li)強,土壤(rang)pH 5.5~6.5。有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質和(he)(he)礦物元(yuan)素豐(feng)富,有(you)(you)(you)機(ji)質含量(liang)1%,富含腐殖質,排水(shui)(shui)良好的微(wei)酸(suan)性土。水(shui)(shui)文(wen)情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):全區面積(ji)(ji)93平(ping)(ping)(ping)方公(gong)里(li)(li),海(hai)岸(an)(an)線長8.71公(gong)里(li)(li)。轄區內(nei)水(shui)(shui)力(li)資(zi)源豐(feng)富,以(yi)海(hai)岸(an)(an)山(shan)(shan)脈(mo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)分(fen)(fen)水(shui)(shui)嶺(ling),可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)東江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)和(he)(he)珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)。域區內(nei)河(he)流屬珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi),有(you)(you)(you)大(da)小(xiao)河(he)流10余(yu)條且(qie)以(yi)山(shan)(shan)溪(xi)性河(he)流為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu),東江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)東部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)觀(guan)瀾河(he);珠(zhu)江(jiang)(jiang)口水(shui)(shui)系(xi)(xi)位(wei)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)西(xi)部(bu),主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)西(xi)鄉(xiang)河(he)、九圍(wei)河(he)、三(san)支渠。區內(nei)已(yi)建有(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)、小(xiao)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)數十(shi)座(zuo),其中(zhong)中(zhong)型(xing)水(shui)(shui)庫(ku)有(you)(you)(you)三(san)座(zuo),分(fen)(fen)別是羅田水(shui)(shui)庫(ku):集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)20km2,總(zong)庫(ku)容2600萬m3;石(shi)巖水(shui)(shui)庫(ku):集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)44km2,總(zong)庫(ku)容3180m3;鐵崗水(shui)(shui)庫(ku):控制(zhi)集水(shui)(shui)面積(ji)(ji)64km2,總(zong)庫(ku)容8010萬m3。氣(qi)候情(qing)況(kuang)(kuang):寶(bao)安(an)(an)區屬亞(ya)熱帶海(hai)洋(yang)性氣(qi)候,日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)充足,雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)充沛,溫(wen)差振幅小(xiao),年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣(qi)溫(wen)22.℃,7月(yue)份(fen)最(zui)高(gao)(gao)氣(qi)溫(wen)35°C,1月(yue)份(fen)最(zui)冷為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)5°C,年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)降(jiang)雨(yu)(yu)量(liang)1450毫米,且(qie)集中(zhong)在4-9月(yue)份(fen);年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)時數2134.2小(xiao)時,2-3月(yue)份(fen)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)少,7月(yue)份(fen)日(ri)照(zhao)(zhao)最(zui)多。每年(nian)(nian)11月(yue)至翌年(nian)(nian)2月(yue)低溫(wen)、少雨(yu)(yu),有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)荔(li)枝開花結果;7-10月(yue)溫(wen)高(gao)(gao)多雨(yu)(yu),有(you)(you)(you)利于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)荔(li)枝梢生長。
外在感官特征:黃田荔(li)枝(zhi)品種(zhong)較(jiao)多,主(zhu)要(yao)以桂味和糯米糍(ci)為主(zhu)。桂味荔(li)枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成熟(shu)期6月(yue)中(zhong)下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se)或鮮(xian)(xian)紅帶墨綠(lv)色(se)塊,中(zhong)等大,單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重≥16.0克(ke),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)近似圓形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾圓,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩平(ping),龜裂片(pian)凸(tu)起(qi),裂紋明(ming)(ming)顯,裂片(pian)峰銳尖,稍刺手(shou),縫(feng)(feng)合(he)線明(ming)(ming)顯。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)乳白色(se),質厚實(shi)(shi),爽(shuang)脆清甜,有桂花香味,核小,多退化。糯米糍(ci)荔(li)枝(zhi):果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)實(shi)(shi)成熟(shu)期6月(yue)中(zhong)下旬。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)皮(pi)鮮(xian)(xian)紅色(se),較(jiao)大,單果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)重≥20.0克(ke),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)扁心形,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)頂(ding)渾圓,果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩一(yi)邊隆起(qi),果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)梗(geng)粗,斜(xie)生與果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肩成約45度斜(xie)角,龜裂片(pian)大,微(wei)隆,裂片(pian)峰平(ping)滑(hua)(hua),縫(feng)(feng)合(he)線明(ming)(ming)顯,表(biao)面比較(jiao)平(ping)滑(hua)(hua)。果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)肉(rou)(rou)半透明(ming)(ming)肉(rou)(rou)軟(ruan)滑(hua)(hua)細嫩,多汁,味濃(nong)甜,微(wei)香。內在品質指標:黃田荔(li)枝(zhi)營養(yang)價值(zhi)豐富。桂味可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率≥73%,可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物(wu)(wu)≥19%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維(wei)生素(su)C≥18mg,可(ke)(ke)滴定(ding)酸度≤1.4g/kg;糯米糍(ci)可(ke)(ke)食(shi)率≥81%,可(ke)(ke)溶性固形物(wu)(wu)≥17%,100g果(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)汁含維(wei)生素(su)C≥17mg,可(ke)(ke)滴定(ding)酸度≤1.45g/kg。安全(quan)要(yao)求:產(chan)地環境、投入品使用和產(chan)品質量均符合(he)國家相(xiang)關標準要(yao)求。