陽山(shan)西洋菜,廣東省(sheng)清遠(yuan)市陽山(shan)縣特產(chan),全(quan)國(guo)農產(chan)品地(di)理標志。
陽山縣屬南(nan)亞熱帶向(xiang)中亞熱帶過度的季(ji)風氣候(hou)區,春(chun)秋短而夏日長,晝夜溫差(cha)大,溫、光、水資源豐富,四季(ji)分明,氣候(hou)溫和,雨量充沛,適宜種(zhong)植(zhi)西洋(yang)菜。陽山西洋(yang)菜植(zhi)株一般(ban)長30-40厘(li)米(mi),莖(jing)粗(cu)約0.7厘(li)米(mi),莖(jing)橫(heng)切面(mian)近圓(yuan),莖(jing)節有抽生須根;色澤(ze)青(qing)綠色,葉(xie)(xie)為奇(qi)數羽狀(zhuang)復葉(xie)(xie),葉(xie)(xie)片呈卵形或近圓(yuan)形;質地脆嫩(nen)、多汁,清(qing)香爽口(kou)。
2018年7月3日,中華人民共和國農(nong)業農(nong)村(cun)部正(zheng)式批準(zhun)對“陽(yang)山西(xi)洋菜”實施農(nong)產品地理標志(zhi)登記保(bao)護。
陽山(shan)(shan)西(xi)洋(yang)菜產(chan)自桂(gui)湘贛(gan)粵褶皺(zhou)帶與(yu)桂(gui)粵隆起交(jiao)界(jie)地帶廣東(dong)省西(xi)北(bei)部的清遠(yuan)市(shi)陽山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)。保(bao)護區域(yu)范圍為(wei)陽山(shan)(shan)縣(xian)轄區域(yu)內(nei),主(zhu)要包括陽城(cheng)鎮、大崀鎮、小江(jiang)鎮、江(jiang)英鎮、秤(cheng)架鄉(xiang)、嶺(ling)背鎮、黎(li)埠鎮、七拱鎮、青(qing)蓮鎮等9個(鄉(xiang))鎮,地理坐標為(wei)東(dong)經112°22′01″-113°01′06″,北(bei)緯23°58′47″-24°55′52″之間。適宜種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)1200公頃(qing),現有(you)種植(zhi)面(mian)(mian)積(ji)(ji)700公頃(qing),年產(chan)量6.3萬(wan)噸。
地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌:境(jing)內地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)形復雜,山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、丘陵、盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)、河(he)谷平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)交(jiao)錯,其中山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)約占(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)面(mian)積的(de)90%,盆地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)及沖(chong)積平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)約占(zhan)10%,海拔在(zai)50-1902米(mi)海拔,千米(mi)以上(shang)高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)有(you)(you)150多(duo)(duo)座,屬(shu)于典型的(de)喀斯(si)特地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)貌,海拔溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da),從海拔最低(di)50米(mi)到(dao)最高(gao)的(de)1902米(mi),形成(cheng)垂直溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差氣(qi)(qi)候(hou),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度相差9-10℃,有(you)(you)“盛夏(xia)無酷暑(shu),十里不(bu)同天(tian)(tian)”的(de)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)條(tiao)件。土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)條(tiao)件:陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)類型豐(feng)富(fu),主要有(you)(you)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)稻土(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)紅(hong)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)黃壤(rang)(rang)(rang)、高(gao)山(shan)(shan)(shan)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)、石灰土(tu)(tu)(tu)、紫色土(tu)(tu)(tu)、潮沙泥土(tu)(tu)(tu)。根據土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)普查,陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)(rang)養(yang)分含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang),除速效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較低(di)外(wai),其他養(yang)分含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)較豐(feng)富(fu)。其中有(you)(you)效(xiao)磷含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)32.6mg/kg,變幅5.1-149.4mg/kg之間,速效(xiao)鉀含(han)(han)(han)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)71mg/kg,變幅在(zai)14-397mg/kg之間,Ph值(zhi)變幅范圍4.40-7.9。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)文情(qing)況:陽山(shan)(shan)(shan)縣(xian)(xian)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu)。一是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)表水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)充裕,屬(shu)珠(zhu)江流(liu)域(yu)北(bei)江水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)系,境(jing)內小河(he)流(liu)眾多(duo)(duo),集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積100平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里以上(shang)的(de)主、支河(he)流(liu)有(you)(you)13條(tiao),流(liu)大(da)多(duo)(duo)屬(shu)山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)型,縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)(jun)(jun)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)79.08億立(li)方米(mi)(不(bu)含(han)(han)(han)過境(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)),過境(jing)客(ke)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)徑流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)38.6億立(li)方米(mi)。已(yi)建中型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫3宗(zong)、小(一)型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫11宗(zong)、小(二(er))型水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫38宗(zong),較大(da)的(de)塘壩129宗(zong),總(zong)控(kong)制集(ji)雨(yu)面(mian)積252.29平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)方公里,總(zong)庫容1.096億立(li)方米(mi),農業(ye)灌(guan)溉用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)大(da)部(bu)分用水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)庫水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)灌(guan)溉。二(er)是地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)較多(duo)(duo)。地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)有(you)(you)冷泉(quan)、溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)泉(quan)。冷泉(quan)也稱巖洞水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(多(duo)(duo)屬(shu)礦泉(quan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui))遍布(bu)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)。按測(ce)流(liu)法計(ji)算(suan)基巖裂(lie)間隙水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)和巖溶水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)天(tian)(tian)然排(pai)泄量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)計(ji),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)為428.26萬立(li)方米(mi),相當于15.63億立(li)方米(mi)/年(nian)(nian)(nian)。這些地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)下(xia)(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui),有(you)(you)效(xiao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)補充了(le)縣(xian)(xian)內部(bu)分地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)耕地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)的(de)灌(guan)溉。氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)情(qing)況:本縣(xian)(xian)屬(shu)南(nan)亞熱(re)(re)帶向中亞熱(re)(re)帶過度的(de)季風(feng)氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)區(qu)(qu),春秋短而夏(xia)日長,晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大(da),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、光(guang)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)豐(feng)富(fu),四季分明,氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)和,雨(yu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)充沛。域(yu)內山(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)比平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)原(yuan)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)低(di)、水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)空分布(bu)不(bu)均(jun)(jun)(jun),形成(cheng)明顯山(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)(qu)立(li)體氣(qi)(qi)候(hou)。全(quan)(quan)年(nian)(nian)(nian)最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)7-8月,平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)23℃-28.50℃,極端最高(gao)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)35℃-41℃。最低(di)氣(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)在(zai)1-2月,極度最低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度為-8℃-3.2℃,無霜期為270-310天(tian)(tian)。光(guang)能(neng)豐(feng)裕,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)日照總(zong)時(shi)(shi)數(shu)為1568.3小時(shi)(shi),平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)均(jun)(jun)(jun)年(nian)(nian)(nian)降雨(yu)總(zong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(liang)為1500-2200毫米(mi),雨(yu)季主要在(zai)4-6月,其次(ci)是7-9月。
外在感官特征(zheng):陽山(shan)西洋(yang)菜(cai)植株(zhu)一般長30-40cm,莖粗(cu)(cu)約0.7cm,莖橫切面近(jin)圓,莖節有抽生須根;色(se)澤青綠色(se),葉(xie)為(wei)奇數(shu)羽狀復葉(xie),葉(xie)片呈卵形或近(jin)圓形;質地(di)脆嫩(nen)、多汁,清(qing)香爽口。內在品質指標:經(jing)檢(jian)測,陽山(shan)西洋(yang)菜(cai)含(han)粗(cu)(cu)纖維(wei)≤1.2%,每(mei)百克含(han)維(wei)生素C37-55毫克,除此之外,還富含(han)鐵、鋅、含(han)鈣(gai)、含(han)磷等營養成分(fen)。安全要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu):陽山(shan)西洋(yang)菜(cai)產地(di)環(huan)境要(yao)符合無公(gong)害食品蔬菜(cai)類產品產地(di)環(huan)境條件的要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu),產品質量符合無公(gong)害農產品標準要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。