芒果视频下载

一.產品介紹

永(yong)定(ding)(ding)早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)栽培歷(li)史悠久，乾隆《永(yong)定(ding)(ding)縣志》記載“芋(yu)(yu)(yu)：大者數斤，小者如(ru)卵(luan)，呼之早(zao)(zao)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)”。許多(duo)客家(jia)美食(shi)以(yi)早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)作原料，如(ru)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)包、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)粄等，1990年在(zai)永(yong)定(ding)(ding)峰市鄉泥角(jiao)村發現變異株，經(jing)過(guo)多(duo)年選育實驗，1995年定(ding)(ding)名“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)（閩認(ren)菜2004002），“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)我國最早(zao)(zao)成熟的(de)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)子(zi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，是(shi)永(yong)定(ding)(ding)獨具(ju)(ju)特色(se)(se)(se)的(de)地方優良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)。 永(yong)定(ding)(ding)“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)典型特點如(ru)下：該品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)屬(shu)多(duo)子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)類型。株高100厘米左(zuo)右(you)，全生(sheng)育期總葉(xie)片數16-17葉(xie)，葉(xie)為(wei)盾(dun)形，互生(sheng)，葉(xie)柄和葉(xie)緣邊呈紫色(se)(se)(se)，葉(xie)脈綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)，單株結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)數一般8-12個，單子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)重(zhong)60克左(zuo)右(you)，子(zi)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)呈卵(luan)型，皮薄，白芽，肉(rou)乳白色(se)(se)(se)，肉(rou)質細嫩、粘(zhan)(zhan)滑，品(pin)(pin)質優，商品(pin)(pin)性好。“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)獨具(ju)(ju)風味，肉(rou)質細嫩、粘(zhan)(zhan)滑，富(fu)含(han)(han)維生(sheng)素(su)E，維生(sheng)素(su)E含(han)(han)量5.2mg/kg以(yi)上，淀(dian)粉(fen)含(han)(han)量6.5g/100g以(yi)上，蛋白質含(han)(han)量1g/100g以(yi)上。 永(yong)定(ding)(ding)“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)(zao)熟芋(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)永(yong)定(ding)(ding)具(ju)(ju)有地方特色(se)(se)(se)的(de)優勢(shi)品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)(zhong)，該產業(ye)能促進縣域經(jing)濟(ji)發展，帶動(dong)農(nong)民增(zeng)收的(de)優勢(shi)產業(ye)，永(yong)定(ding)(ding)縣政府十分重(zhong)視，出臺了(le)相關(guan)扶持政策，加大品(pin)(pin)牌建設力度，預計到2016年種(zhong)(zhong)植規(gui)模為(wei)4.5萬畝，直接帶動(dong)農(nong)戶每畝增(zeng)收2500元。

二.自然生態環境和(he)人文歷(li)史因素

1、氣候情(qing)況(kuang)：地(di)(di)處中亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)向(xiang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)過渡地(di)(di)段(duan)，屬(shu)亞(ya)(ya)熱(re)帶(dai)海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)性季風氣候，夏無(wu)酷暑，冬無(wu)嚴寒。年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)20.1℃，極端最(zui)高溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)39.2℃，極端最(zui)低溫(wen)為(wei)(wei)-4.8℃，年(nian)(nian)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)降雨(yu)量(liang)為(wei)(wei)1606.9mm，最(zui)多降水量(liang)2479.8mm（1983年(nian)(nian)），最(zui)少(shao)年(nian)(nian)為(wei)(wei)1157.7mm（1958年(nian)(nian)），雨(yu)量(liang)充沛。永定(ding)縣(xian)全年(nian)(nian)日(ri)(ri)照總時(shi)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)2024.6小時(shi)，日(ri)(ri)照百分(fen)率為(wei)(wei)46%。本(ben)縣(xian)南(nan)(nan)(nan)北緯度(du)跨越不大，日(ri)(ri)出日(ri)(ri)沒時(shi)刻相差只1～2分(fen)鐘(zhong)，年(nian)(nian)有霜日(ri)(ri)數(shu)平(ping)(ping)均(jun)為(wei)(wei)13天。環境空(kong)氣達到國家環境空(kong)氣質(zhi)量(liang)GB3095-1966二(er)級以上標準。縣(xian)內地(di)(di)勢東(dong)北高、西南(nan)(nan)(nan)低，東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)與西北部山(shan)(shan)巒重疊，使全縣(xian)成(cheng)為(wei)(wei)典型的(de)丘陵山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)。由于西北部多高山(shan)(shan)能阻擋(dang)(dang)北方寒流南(nan)(nan)(nan)下(xia)，東(dong)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部山(shan)(shan)脈可阻擋(dang)(dang)南(nan)(nan)(nan)部臺風侵襲，地(di)(di)勢由東(dong)北向(xiang)西南(nan)(nan)(nan)逐步傾斜(xie)，有利于冷(leng)空(kong)氣排泄和(he)海(hai)洋(yang)(yang)暖流輸(shu)入，使永定(ding)縣(xian)有優越的(de)氣候條件。 

2、水(shui)文(wen)情況：永(yong)定縣溪河(he)均屬山區河(he)流，分別(bie)屬于汀(ting)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)、梅(mei)河(he)水(shui)系(xi)、梅(mei)江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)、九龍江(jiang)(jiang)水(shui)系(xi)。有四大河(he)：分別(bie)是永(yong)定河(he)、金豐(feng)溪、黃潭(tan)河(he)、汀(ting)江(jiang)(jiang)干(gan)流。地下水(shui)蓄量充沛，水(shui)質(zhi)達到國家農田灌溉水(shui)質(zhi)標準GB 5084-92二級(ji)以上標準。 

3、土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)和(he)植被(bei)：全(quan)縣(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)分旱地(di)(di)(di)和(he)水田(tian)(tian)兩種(zhong)，旱地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)灰(hui)紅泥土(tu)(tu)等(deng)五個類型，以(yi)紅泥土(tu)(tu)面積最(zui)大(da)，占(zhan)耕地(di)(di)(di)面積3.88%；水田(tian)(tian)土(tu)(tu)有(you)(you)26個類型，以(yi)淺灰(hui)黃泥田(tian)(tian)面積最(zui)大(da)，其次為(wei)(wei)(wei)黃泥田(tian)(tian)，共占(zhan)耕地(di)(di)(di)面積57.66%。土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量較為(wei)(wei)(wei)豐(feng)富(fu)，根據(ju)對全(quan)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)化驗(yan)分析：有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量在6.6～75.0g／kg之(zhi)間，平均值為(wei)(wei)(wei)38.1 g／kg。有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量豐(feng)富(fu)(>30g／kg)的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)點(dian)數(shu)占(zhan)86.6％，而有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量缺乏(<20g／kg)的(de)(de)(de)樣(yang)點(dian)數(shu)僅占(zhan)0.87％，說明本區土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)有(you)(you)機(ji)(ji)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量是比較豐(feng)富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)。在河谷沖(chong)積地(di)(di)(di)帶(dai)，土(tu)(tu)壤(rang)肥(fei)沃、疏松(song)，比較適(shi)于(yu)永(yong)(yong)定“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)熟芋生長(chang)。 永(yong)(yong)定縣(xian)植被(bei)完好(hao)，森林覆(fu)蓋率達7３％。植物(wu)資源種(zhong)類繁(fan)多，據(ju)調查(cha)，有(you)(you)山地(di)(di)(di)植物(wu)162科1027種(zhong)，栽培果樹２８種(zhong)。 永(yong)(yong)定獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌形成了(le)獨(du)特農田(tian)(tian)生態和(he)氣候(hou)條(tiao)件，為(wei)(wei)(wei)永(yong)(yong)定“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)熟芋的(de)(de)(de)生長(chang)提供(gong)了(le)優(you)越的(de)(de)(de)條(tiao)件，造就了(le)永(yong)(yong)定“六(liu)月紅”早(zao)熟芋特性與獨(du)特的(de)(de)(de)品質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

三.地域范圍

永(yong)定縣(xian)位于福建省西南(nan)部，介(jie)于北緯24°23′～25°05′、東經116°25′～117°05′之間(jian)。東連南(nan)靖縣(xian)，東南(nan)與(yu)(yu)平(ping)(ping)和縣(xian)交界(jie)，西南(nan)與(yu)(yu)廣東省大埔縣(xian)、梅縣(xian)接(jie)壤，西北與(yu)(yu)上杭縣(xian)相連，東北與(yu)(yu)新羅(luo)區毗鄰。全(quan)境東西最(zui)寬距離(li)(li)68公(gong)里，南(nan)北最(zui)長距離(li)(li)80公(gong)里，總面積(ji)(ji)2223平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里。地域范圍包括全(quan)縣(xian)轄10個(ge)鎮、14個(ge)鄉(xiang)。永(yong)定六(liu)月紅早熟芋保(bao)護(hu)面積(ji)(ji)2223平(ping)(ping)方(fang)公(gong)里，生產(chan)(chan)面積(ji)(ji)2100公(gong)頃，年產(chan)(chan)量4.2萬(wan)噸(dun)，年銷售收入1億(yi)元。

四.產品(pin)品(pin)質特性特征(zheng)

1、外在感官特(te)征：永定六(liu)月紅早(zao)熟芋屬(shu)多子芋類型。株高100厘米左右，全生育期總(zong)葉片數16-17葉，葉為盾形(xing)，互生，葉柄和葉緣邊呈(cheng)紫色，葉脈綠色，單株結(jie)芋數一般8-12個，單子芋重60克左右，子芋呈(cheng)卵型，皮(pi)薄，白芽，肉(rou)乳(ru)白色。 

2、內在品(pin)質(zhi)指標：永定(ding)六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)早(zao)熟芋獨具風味，肉質(zhi)細嫩、粘滑(hua)。六(liu)月(yue)(yue)紅(hong)早(zao)熟芋富含(han)(han)(han)維生(sheng)素E，維生(sheng)素E含(han)(han)(han)量5.2mg/kg以上(shang)，淀粉含(han)(han)(han)量6.5g/100g以上(shang)，蛋(dan)白(bai)質(zhi)含(han)(han)(han)量1g/100g以上(shang)。 

3、安全要(yao)求：永定六月紅(hong)早熟芋執行《NY5221-2005無公(gong)害食品薯芋類蔬菜(cai)》標準。

五.特(te)定生產(chan)方式

1、種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)準備 整(zheng)地作(zuo)畦(qi)(qi)：芋田(tian)應(ying)選(xuan)擇土壤肥沃、透水性好的水田(tian)或(huo)者(zhe)旱(han)地。芋田(tian)應(ying)進行(xing)深(shen)翻、曬白，整(zheng)畦(qi)(qi)前每畝施(shi)消石灰50～75kg，作(zuo)畦(qi)(qi)規(gui)格為畦(qi)(qi)帶溝(gou)130cm ，畦(qi)(qi)高25cm以上(shang)。基肥每畝用腐熟有機(ji)肥1500kg，硫(liu)酸(suan)鎂3～5kg，硼砂1kg，硫(liu)酸(suan)鉀10kg，過磷(lin)酸(suan)鈣50kg，拌勻堆漚(ou)7～10天，采取穴施(shi)。每畝種(zhong)(zhong)植(zhi)3000株，即株距為35 cm，行(xing)距為65cm。定(ding)植(zhi)時間為11月(yue)上(shang)旬至1月(yue)上(shang)旬。 

2、種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植技術要求(qiu) 種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植前(qian)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)曬(shai)2～4天，并去除(chu)(chu)芽(ya)頂(ding)部的鱗片毛。剔除(chu)(chu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)危害或機械傷的種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)，種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芽(ya)大(da)(da)小分(fen)級種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)殺蟲(chong)、滅(mie)菌處理：將(jiang)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)放入(ru)40%樂果乳劑(ji)一(yi)份(fen)加50%多菌靈可濕性粉(fen)劑(ji)一(yi)份(fen)配成800倍藥液中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，浸(jin)泡5～8分(fen)鐘撈起晾干即(ji)可種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植深度8～10cm。種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植后種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)蓋土(tu)(tu)(tu)至芽(ya)頂(ding)2cm。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)全園(yuan)噴(pen)灑除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)劑(ji)，每畝用(yong)50%丁草(cao)(cao)胺乳油(you)100ml加水(shui)噴(pen)霧，畦(qi)(qi)面過干應加大(da)(da)用(yong)水(shui)量。芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)畦(qi)(qi)連邊地(di)膜(mo)覆蓋。 科學管水(shui)：采(cai)用(yong)獨特的水(shui)肥(fei)促控(kong)技術。5葉(xie)前(qian)保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)干，3cm以下見濕。結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)及子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)(da)期(qi)保(bao)持(chi)畦(qi)(qi)面見黑不(bu)見白(bai)。子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)成熟(shu)期(qi)保(bao)持(chi)土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)表土(tu)(tu)(tu)見白(bai)不(bu)見黑，溝底見黑不(bu)見白(bai)。 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕、除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)、培土(tu)(tu)(tu)：第(di)8～9葉(xie)期(qi)，結合追(zhui)施(shi)結芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)肥(fei)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)清除(chu)(chu)地(di)膜(mo)，填(tian)平種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植穴(xue)。第(di)11～13葉(xie)期(qi)，結合施(shi)子芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)膨(peng)大(da)(da)肥(fei)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)，培土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)度5cm。第(di)11～15葉(xie)期(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耕除(chu)(chu)草(cao)(cao)，除(chu)(chu)壓側芽(ya)，培土(tu)(tu)(tu)高(gao)(gao)至10cm。 病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害防治：從無病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、健壯芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)田(tian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)選(xuan)留種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)。要求(qiu)水(shui)旱(han)輪作，旱(han)地(di)要求(qiu)隔(ge)年種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)植。發病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)初期(qi)，發現病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株立(li)即(ji)拔(ba)掉病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)株，集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)燒(shao)毀(hui)，并用(yong)石(shi)灰對病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)穴(xue)及周圍土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)進行清毒。施(shi)足基肥(fei)，施(shi)用(yong)充分(fen)腐(fu)熟(shu)有(you)有(you)機肥(fei)，避免偏施(shi)氮肥(fei)，加強肥(fei)水(shui)管理，采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)(gao)畦(qi)(qi)栽培，清溝排漬。主要病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)蟲(chong)害有(you)芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)疫病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)污(wu)斑病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)軟腐(fu)病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)炭疽病(bing)(bing)(bing)(bing)、蚜(ya)蟲(chong)、芋(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)單線天蛾、蠐螬。農藥不(bu)得使(shi)用(yong)無公害蔬(shu)菜禁用(yong)農藥。 

3、芋(yu)(yu)田管理 破膜引苗：芋(yu)(yu)出苗后(hou)在每(mei)株(zhu)芽頂的膜上用(yong)小刀劃開(kai)(kai)一個(ge)小口引苗伸出，并隨(sui)即用(yong)泥土封嚴揭口。 肥料(liao)施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)：全期(qi)肥料(liao)參考用(yong)量(liang)(liang)即尿素26kg，過磷酸鈣50kg，硫酸鉀(jia)24kg。第1～2葉(xie)展(zhan)開(kai)(kai)時，施(shi)(shi)(shi)提(ti)苗肥，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮肥總(zong)量(liang)(liang)的20%，水肥澆施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第5～6葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)發棵(ke)肥，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮肥總(zong)量(liang)(liang)30%水肥澆施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第8～9葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)結芋(yu)(yu)肥，施(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)量(liang)(liang)占氮肥總(zong)量(liang)(liang)50%，芋(yu)(yu)株(zhu)外9cm二邊開(kai)(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)。第11～13葉(xie)期(qi)施(shi)(shi)(shi)子芋(yu)(yu)膨大肥，以(yi)鉀(jia)肥為主，除基肥外，其余鉀(jia)肥全部(bu)施(shi)(shi)(shi)下，在芋(yu)(yu)株(zhu)外12～15cm 二邊開(kai)(kai)溝施(shi)(shi)(shi)。 

4、產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)收獲(huo)及產(chan)(chan)(chan)后處理：根(gen)據(ju)子芋(yu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)量及市場行(xing)情和顧客對產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的要求進行(xing)適時采收。芋(yu)葉全部變黃衰敗，母芋(yu)、子芋(yu)根(gen)系枯萎是(shi)子芋(yu)成熟的標(biao)志。選擇晴天采收，除去殘根(gen)、須(xu)根(gen)和泥土，晾干(gan)表面(mian)水分。同批產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)可(ke)按(an)大(每(mei)顆(ke)100g以上)、中(50～100g)、小(xiao)(小(xiao)于50g)分級(ji)，或(huo)按(an)購(gou)銷合(he)同定級(ji)。 

5、生(sheng)產記(ji)錄：永定“六月紅”早熟(shu)芋的(de)生(sheng)產全過程，要建立田(tian)間(jian)生(sheng)產檔(dang)案，全面記(ji)載(zai)并妥善保(bao)(bao)存，以備查閱(yue)。不得施(shi)用國家明令禁止使用的(de)高(gao)毒、高(gao)殘留和淘汰(tai)的(de)農業投入(ru)品(pin)，嚴(yan)禁任何單位和個(ge)人在生(sheng)產基(ji)地推廣未經國家審定、登記(ji)、批準生(sheng)產的(de)農業投入(ru)品(pin)，以確保(bao)(bao)產品(pin)的(de)衛生(sheng)與質量安全。