米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)是(shi)米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)主要蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)品種之一(yi),長期以來在米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)境(jing)(jing)內安寧河谷流(liu)域海(hai)拔1500米(mi)(mi)以下(xia)地區種植(zhi)(zhi),距今有(you)近70年(nian)的歷史。《米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)志》(農(nong)(nong)業篇(pian))記載:“米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)建縣(xian)(xian)至(zhi)(zhi)1959年(nian),種植(zhi)(zhi)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)有(you)14類(lei)、105個品種,主要有(you)...苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)...等(deng)”。由于當(dang)地氣溫較高(gao)(gao),夏(xia)天(tian)吃涼(liang)拌苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)、飲(yin)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)茶成(cheng)(cheng)為米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)人(ren)民的習慣,并保持(chi)至(zhi)(zhi)今。米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)也成(cheng)(cheng)為當(dang)地家(jia)庭(ting)飲(yin)食、-宴請(qing)的必備佳肴(yao):苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)炒(chao)蛋,苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)炒(chao)肉,苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)湯,苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)盅等(deng)。米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)一(yi)年(nian)四季(ji)均可種植(zhi)(zhi),周(zhou)年(nian)供應(ying),每年(nian)早春二、三(san)月(yue)是(shi)米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)銷(xiao)售旺(wang)季(ji),有(you)效補(bu)給(gei)了(le)全國其他地區苦(ku)(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)(gua)生產的淡(dan)季(ji)。 米(mi)(mi)易(yi)(yi)縣(xian)(xian)是(shi)我國一(yi)個獨具特(te)色的內陸山區農(nong)(nong)業縣(xian)(xian),自(zi)然生態(tai)環境(jing)(jing)得天(tian)獨厚,光(guang)照充足,雨(yu)量充沛(pei),冬暖夏(xia)涼(liang),是(shi)天(tian)然的大溫室和全國少有(you)的低緯度(du)高(gao)(gao)海(hai)拔熱作區。
1984年(nian)(nian)(nian)米(mi)(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被列為(wei)全省(sheng)(sheng)立體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)試點縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),全縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)到長(chang)足發(fa)(fa)展,經過(guo)20余年(nian)(nian)(nian)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)資源深(shen)度(du)開發(fa)(fa)和(he)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)結(jie)構大調(diao)整,形成了(le)以(yi)(yi)茄果類、瓜(gua)(gua)類為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)的(de)早春(chun)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)格局。1993年(nian)(nian)(nian)被列為(wei)“南(nan)菜(cai)(cai)(cai)北調(diao)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,2003年(nian)(nian)(nian)被授予“無公害蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)生(sheng)產(chan)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”稱(cheng)號,2009年(nian)(nian)(nian)米(mi)(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)先后被省(sheng)(sheng)政府(fu)和(he)省(sheng)(sheng)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)廳列為(wei)“四川省(sheng)(sheng)優勢特(te)色效益農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)基地(di)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”,2010年(nian)(nian)(nian)成為(wei)首批(pi)“四川省(sheng)(sheng)現(xian)代(dai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)(蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai))基地(di)強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)”和(he)首批(pi)省(sheng)(sheng)級新農(nong)(nong)(nong)村(cun)建(jian)設示范片(主(zhu)(zhu)導(dao)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)),2012年(nian)(nian)(nian)米(mi)(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)被列入全國蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)規(gui)劃重點縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。 建(jian)國后,由于生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)落后,管理水平低下(xia),米(mi)(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)栽培面積曾一度(du)萎縮,品種(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要以(yi)(yi)當地(di)老品種(zhong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu)。上世紀八十年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)中期以(yi)(yi)來(lai),米(mi)(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)過(guo)立體(ti)(ti)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)開發(fa)(fa),以(yi)(yi)米(mi)(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)為(wei)代(dai)表的(de)早春(chun)蔬菜(cai)(cai)(cai)進入快速發(fa)(fa)展時(shi)期,苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)得(de)到大力(li)發(fa)(fa)展。2007年(nian)(nian)(nian),米(mi)(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)榮獲“第八屆(jie)中國西部國際(ji)博覽(lan)會(hui)特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)展覽(lan)最暢銷產(chan)品獎”。米(mi)(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)生(sheng)產(chan)方(fang)式(shi)獨特(te),采(cai)用“苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)—水稻—苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)”的(de)種(zhong)植模(mo)式(shi),體(ti)(ti)現(xian)了(le)生(sheng)態(tai)循環(huan)的(de)經濟價值。
通(tong)過長期栽培、優選,米(mi)易培育出(chu)了當(dang)地主推苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)新品種─米(mi)易大白苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua),該(gai)品種具有(you)“果長、色(se)白、肉厚、瘤突”外(wai)形和甘脆清爽、苦(ku)(ku)后回甜快的特點。近年來,米(mi)易縣(xian)(xian)委(wei)、縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)將(jiang)苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)作為優勢(shi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)主導產(chan)業(ye)來抓,精心(xin)制定產(chan)業(ye)中(zhong)長期發展(zhan)規劃。2010年,全縣(xian)(xian)苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)種植戶畝產(chan)值3萬元(yuan)以(yi)上有(you)6000余畝,苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)收(shou)入在5萬元(yuan)以(yi)上種植大戶1400余戶,有(you)效帶動安寧河谷及(ji)周(zhou)邊地區(qu)農(nong)(nong)戶致富(fu)。預計“十二五”末(mo),米(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)栽培面積達(da)到3萬畝,苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)產(chan)值突破10億元(yuan)。米(mi)易苦(ku)(ku)瓜(gua)(gua)將(jiang)成為發展(zhan)本(ben)地特色(se)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)、促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)民致富(fu)增收(shou)的支柱產(chan)業(ye)之(zhi)一(yi)。
米易縣自然生態環(huan)境得天(tian)獨厚,光(guang)照充足,雨量充沛,冬暖夏涼(liang),是天(tian)然的“大地溫(wen)室”和全國少有的低緯度(du)、高海(hai)拔熱作區(qu),所產(chan)蔬菜有“上市時間早(zao)、單產(chan)高、品質優、效益(yi)好”的特點。
米易苦瓜因其具有干脆清爽、苦后回甜快,維生素C含(han)量(liang)高(gao)而深受消(xiao)費(fei)者喜愛。2012年(nian),全縣苦瓜種植(zhi)面積(ji)達1.5萬(wan)畝(mu),平均畝(mu)產(chan)3萬(wan)元(yuan)以上,已成為(wei)該縣農民增(zeng)收(shou)致富的主要蔬菜產(chan)品。
2013年,米(mi)易(yi)縣農(nong)(nong)(nong)牧局(ju)經作站申(shen)報的“米(mi)易(yi)苦瓜”通過農(nong)(nong)(nong)業部農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)質量(liang)安全中心(xin)審查(cha)和組織專家(jia)(jia)評審,實施國家(jia)(jia)農(nong)(nong)(nong)產品(pin)地理標志登記保護。
地域范圍
米(mi)易(yi)苦瓜農產品地(di)理標(biao)(biao)志地(di)域保護范圍包括(kuo)米(mi)易(yi)縣(xian)(xian)攀(pan)蓮鎮(zhen)(zhen)、丙谷鎮(zhen)(zhen)、撒蓮鎮(zhen)(zhen)、埡口鎮(zhen)(zhen)、白馬鎮(zhen)(zhen)、灣丘(qiu)鄉(xiang)、草(cao)場鄉(xiang)等7個鄉(xiang)(鎮(zhen)(zhen)),30個行政村(cun)。地(di)理坐標(biao)(biao)為:東(dong)經101°49’-102°11’,北緯26°57’-27°08′。米(mi)易(yi)縣(xian)(xian)位于攀(pan)枝(zhi)花(hua)市東(dong)北部,西南資(zi)源“金三(san)角”腹心(xin)地(di)段,南與鹽邊縣(xian)(xian)接壤(rang),西與鹽源縣(xian)(xian)向望,東(dong)與會理縣(xian)(xian)相連,北靠(kao)德(de)昌(chang)縣(xian)(xian)。保護面積10661.96公頃,年(nian)產量(liang)12萬(wan)噸。
米易苦瓜為農產(chan)品地理標志產(chan)品。