一.產品介紹
沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)森林覆(fu)蓋率(lv)53.4%,林木(mu)綠化率(lv)57.3%,境(jing)內(nei)立體(ti)體(ti)氣候(hou)明顯,生(sheng)態(tai)植(zhi)被良(liang)好(hao),原(yuan)始(shi)風貌濃郁,自(zi)然生(sheng)態(tai)獨特(te)(te),特(te)(te)別(bie)是蘊藏著極(ji)為(wei)(wei)豐富(fu)的(de)(de)蜜(mi)粉源資(zi)源,美譽為(wei)(wei)“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者的(de)(de)樂(le)園”。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)共有(you)蜜(mi)粉源植(zhi)物(wu)40余(yu)科、100余(yu)種(zhong),面(mian)(mian)積(ji)133830公頃(qing),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)刺槐(huai)蜜(mi)源面(mian)(mian)積(ji)達(da)(da)26666.7公頃(qing),以(yi)(yi)其面(mian)(mian)積(ji)大(da)、分布廣、蜜(mi)量(liang)大(da)、產(chan)量(liang)穩、質(zhi)量(liang)高而(er)聞(wen)名(ming)全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)著名(ming)的(de)(de)優質(zhi)刺槐(huai)蜜(mi)源地(di)之一(yi)(yi)和(he)(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)四大(da)名(ming)蜜(mi)--刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)產(chan)地(di)之一(yi)(yi)。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷史悠久,據(ju)康熙縣(xian)(xian)志記載,2500年(nian)(nian)前沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)先民就開始(shi)散養(yang)(yang)(yang)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三五窩(wo),不愁吃喝穿”的(de)(de)地(di)方諺語在(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)流傳了(le)(le)(le)數百年(nian)(nian)。清(qing)康熙年(nian)(nian)間,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已具一(yi)(yi)定規模,“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)也成為(wei)(wei)當(dang)地(di)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)重(zhong)要“雜產(chan)”,到(dao)上(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)30年(nian)(nian)代,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)(yang)(yang)已達(da)(da)8000余(yu)窩(wo),成為(wei)(wei)當(dang)地(di)農(nong)(nong)民支補(bu)家(jia)(jia)費開支一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)經(jing)濟來(lai)源。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)(yi)后,黨和(he)(he)(he)政府(fu)為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)加(jia)快沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展,于上(shang)世紀(ji)(ji)50年(nian)(nian)代專門派人到(dao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)(nong)科院(yuan)學(xue)習(xi)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術,并引進(jin)(jin)西(xi)(xi)方蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從此(ci)走上(shang)現(xian)代科學(xue)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道路,特(te)(te)別(bie)是進(jin)(jin)入(ru)新(xin)世紀(ji)(ji)以(yi)(yi)來(lai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發展迎來(lai)第二(er)個(ge)春(chun)天,優質(zhi)化、規模化、標(biao)準化,成為(wei)(wei)發展主(zhu)體(ti),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開始(shi)向(xiang)高端化、安(an)全(quan)(quan)化、循(xun)環化變軌發展。2011年(nian)(nian),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)被列入(ru)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)現(xian)代蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)系示(shi)范(fan)縣(xian)(xian),2012年(nian)(nian),山(shan)西(xi)(xi)農(nong)(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學(xue)在(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)建(jian)立了(le)(le)(le)《特(te)(te)色產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)研究(jiu)基地(di)》,2015年(nian)(nian)3月18日,經(jing)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學(xue)會七屆三次常務理事會討(tao)論通過,與沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)政府(fu)共建(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之鄉”,并在(zai)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)“全(quan)(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)安(an)全(quan)(quan)標(biao)準化生(sheng)產(chan)示(shi)范(fan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場(chang)(chang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)更(geng)以(yi)(yi)無污染(ran)、無公害走俏國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外市場(chang)(chang),在(zai)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)際(ji)上(shang)久負盛(sheng)名(ming),遠銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)德、日、英、法等國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),是沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)傳統出口商品(pin)(pin)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)(le)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步提升(sheng)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)的(de)(de)產(chan)量(liang)和(he)(he)(he)質(zhi)量(liang),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)成立了(le)(le)(le)縣(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會,建(jian)立蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)良(liang)種(zhong)繁育場(chang)(chang),發展了(le)(le)(le)5個(ge)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)小型蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)加(jia)工企業(ye)(ye)(ye),38個(ge)養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社,注(zhu)冊了(le)(le)(le)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河浪(lang)花(hua)(hua)”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花(hua)(hua)”、“歷山(shan)”、“金田(tian)園”、“憨(han)老農(nong)(nong)”5個(ge)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)商標(biao),其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花(hua)(hua)”牌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)有(you)機食品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,“憨(han)老農(nong)(nong)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)(jia)綠色食品(pin)(pin)認(ren)證,“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河浪(lang)花(hua)(hua)”、“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花(hua)(hua)”2個(ge)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)商標(biao)獲山(shan)西(xi)(xi)省著名(ming)商標(biao)。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)現(xian)存欄蜜(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)5.4萬(wan)余(yu)箱(xiang),年(nian)(nian)可(ke)生(sheng)產(chan)優質(zhi)刺槐(huai)蜜(mi)1000余(yu)噸,外地(di)客(ke)商可(ke)通過沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)協(xie)會、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)購銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)企業(ye)(ye)(ye)、養(yang)(yang)(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)專業(ye)(ye)(ye)合作社及(ji)我縣(xian)(xian)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)電(dian)子商務平臺集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)購銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao),年(nian)(nian)銷(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)售收入(ru)達(da)(da)到(dao)3000萬(wan)元,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)已成為(wei)(wei)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)最具特(te)(te)色的(de)(de)優勢農(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)和(he)(he)(he)最具發展強力的(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)村致富(fu)優勢產(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)。
二.自然生態環境(jing)和人文歷史因素
1、土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)地(di)(di)貌(mao)情(qing)況:沁水縣(xian)地(di)(di)勢東南(nan)(nan)低(di)而(er)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)高(gao),由東南(nan)(nan)--東北--西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)呈扇(shan)形展開逐步增高(gao)。境內山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)戀重疊、溝壑(he)縱橫,高(gao)差懸殊(shu),最西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)高(gao)處歷山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)舜(shun)王坪海拔(ba)達(da)2358米,而(er)西(xi)(xi)南(nan)(nan)最低(di)處嘉峰鎮尉遲村沁河(he)出口海拔(ba)僅520米,相對高(gao)差1838米。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)地(di)(di)貌(mao)可分為中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)、低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)、河(he)谷平川區(qu)三種類(lei)型,其中中山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)區(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)總面積的40%,多為林(lin)(lin)地(di)(di)或林(lin)(lin)間草地(di)(di)。植(zhi)被(bei)條(tiao)件好,自然土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多為林(lin)(lin)溶(rong)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)和(he)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu)。低(di)山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)丘陵(ling)區(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)總面積的50%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多為山(shan)(shan)(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)褐土(tu)(tu)(tu),為全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)主要(yao)糧油(you)(you)產地(di)(di)和(he)牧坡草場(chang)。河(he)谷平川區(qu)占(zhan)(zhan)縣(xian)域(yu)(yu)總面積的10%,土(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)(rang)多為沖(chong)積土(tu)(tu)(tu),土(tu)(tu)(tu)地(di)(di)肥沃,灌溉條(tiao)件好,是本縣(xian)糧油(you)(you)作物高(gao)產區(qu)。
2、水文情況:沁水縣水系屬黃河(he)(he)(he)流域,沁河(he)(he)(he)支流。主(zhu)要有沁河(he)(he)(he)、縣河(he)(he)(he)、端氏河(he)(he)(he)、龍渠(qu)河(he)(he)(he)、土沃河(he)(he)(he)、鄭(zheng)村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)、蘇(su)莊(zhuang)河(he)(he)(he)、必底河(he)(he)(he)、張村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)、中(zhong)村(cun)河(he)(he)(he)等十大河(he)(he)(he)流,其中(zhong)沁河(he)(he)(he)是全縣境內最大的河(he)(he)(he)流,是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)第(di)二大河(he)(he)(he),年流量(liang)6.22億(yi)立方米(mi),平均流量(liang)16.5立方米(mi)/秒,是山(shan)(shan)西(xi)省(sheng)八(ba)大河(he)(he)(he)流中(zhong)含沙量(liang)最少的河(he)(he)(he)流。全縣水資(zi)源量(liang)9.8億(yi)立方米(mi),人(ren)均擁有水資(zi)源量(liang)山(shan)(shan)西(xi)第(di)一。水量(liang)充沛,無工業污染,水質清澈、純凈(jing),是理想的農(nong)業用水,水資(zi)源保持良好。
3、氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候情況:沁水(shui)屬溫(wen)(wen)(wen)暖(nuan)帶季(ji)風(feng)(feng)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候區,境(jing)(jing)內地(di)(di)形復雜,形成各地(di)(di)小(xiao)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)候差(cha)異(yi)。主要特點是:冬天風(feng)(feng)多雨(yu)(yu)少,夏季(ji)高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)多雨(yu)(yu),西(xi)部涼爽,東部溫(wen)(wen)(wen)和(he),年(nian)(nian)(nian)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)平(ping)均(jun)在10.3℃左(zuo)右,1月零下4.8℃,7月23℃,年(nian)(nian)(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照時數2629.9小(xiao)時,年(nian)(nian)(nian)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)≥14℃,有效積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)3412.6℃。年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)降水(shui)量643.7毫米,霜(shuang)凍期(qi)為10月上旬(xun)至次年(nian)(nian)(nian)4月,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)無霜(shuang)期(qi)193天,年(nian)(nian)(nian)均(jun)濕度(du)65%,風(feng)(feng)速2.6m/s;水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)總量為9.8億立方(fang)米,人均(jun)擁有水(shui)資(zi)源(yuan)(yuan)是全省(sheng)人均(jun)水(shui)平(ping)的3.7倍。境(jing)(jing)內雨(yu)(yu)水(shui)適度(du),日照充(chong)足(zu),適宜各種(zhong)動植物(wu)特別是蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)植物(wu)生長(chang)、繁(fan)衍和(he)泌(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)。多山(shan)(shan)地(di)(di)地(di)(di)形,從山(shan)(shan)谷到山(shan)(shan)頂,構成了(le)(le)同一蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)植物(wu)不同花期(qi)早、中、 晚之分的立體(ti)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan),蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)純度(du)高。沁水(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)保護范圍(wei)內沒(mei)有地(di)(di)面大型工(gong)礦污染企業,為沁水(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)生產(chan)提供了(le)(le)優質空氣(qi)(qi)(qi),使沁水(shui)刺槐(huai)蜂(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)具(ju)備了(le)(le)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)味清(qing)香,口感甜潤的特質。
4、人(ren)文(wen)歷史(shi)情況:沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)森林覆蓋(gai)率53.4%,林木綠化率57.3%,是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)千年古縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)生(sheng)物多(duo)樣性保護重點區(qu)域、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)綠色(se)名縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)級生(sheng)態示范(fan)區(qu)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)低碳旅游縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)無公(gong)害農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品標志(zhi)(zhi)推廣與監管示范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)綠色(se)環保百強縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。境內(nei)立(li)體體氣候明顯,生(sheng)態植(zhi)被良好(hao),原始風貌濃郁,自(zi)然生(sheng)態獨特(te),特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)蘊藏著極為(wei)(wei)豐富的(de)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉(fen)源(yuan)(yuan)資源(yuan)(yuan),美(mei)譽為(wei)(wei)“養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)者(zhe)的(de)樂(le)園”。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)共(gong)有蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)粉(fen)源(yuan)(yuan)植(zhi)物40余科(ke)、100余種,面積200余萬畝,以(yi)刺(ci)槐、刺(ci)槐、狼牙(ya)刺(ci)三(san)大(da)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)源(yuan)(yuan)為(wei)(wei)主(zhu)。特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)刺(ci)槐蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)資源(yuan)(yuan)以(yi)其面積大(da)、分布廣、蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)量(liang)大(da)、產(chan)(chan)(chan)量(liang)穩、質(zhi)量(liang)高而聞名全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)四大(da)名蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)--刺(ci)槐蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)主(zhu)產(chan)(chan)(chan)地(di)(di)之(zhi)(zhi)一。全(quan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)現存欄蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)群54903箱,其中(zhong)(zhong)存欄中(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)10298箱,有養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)戶1200余戶。是(shi)(shi)(shi)山西(xi)省第(di)一養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)大(da)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),2015年3月18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學會(hui)(hui)(hui)七屆三(san)次(ci)常(chang)務理事會(hui)(hui)(hui)討論通過(guo),與沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共(gong)建(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)歷史(shi)悠久,據康熙(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)志(zhi)(zhi)記(ji)載,2500年前沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)先(xian)民就開始散養(yang)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”(中(zhong)(zhong)華蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)),“養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)三(san)五窩,不(bu)愁吃(chi)喝(he)穿(chuan)”的(de)地(di)(di)方諺語在(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)流傳了數百年。清康熙(xi)年間,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)已(yi)具一定規(gui)模(mo),“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)也成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)一種重要“雜產(chan)(chan)(chan)”,到上世(shi)紀(ji)30年代(dai)(dai),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)“土蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)”飼養(yang)已(yi)達(da)8000余窩,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)當地(di)(di)農(nong)民支(zhi)補家(jia)費開支(zhi)一種重要的(de)經濟來源(yuan)(yuan)。建(jian)國(guo)(guo)(guo)以(yi)后,黨和政府為(wei)(wei)了加快沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展,于上世(shi)紀(ji)50年代(dai)(dai)專門派人(ren)到中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)農(nong)科(ke)院學習養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)技術,并(bing)引(yin)進西(xi)方蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng),沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)從此走(zou)上現代(dai)(dai)科(ke)學養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)道路,特(te)別(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)進入(ru)新世(shi)紀(ji)以(yi)來,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)發(fa)(fa)展迎來第(di)二個春天,優質(zhi)化、規(gui)模(mo)化、標準化,成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)發(fa)(fa)展主(zhu)體,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)業(ye)(ye)(ye)開始向高端化、安全(quan)化、循環化變軌(gui)發(fa)(fa)展。2011年,沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)被列入(ru)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)現代(dai)(dai)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)體系示范(fan)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),2012年,山西(xi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)大(da)學在(zai)我縣(xian)(xian)(xian)建(jian)立(li)了《特(te)色(se)產(chan)(chan)(chan)業(ye)(ye)(ye)研究基(ji)地(di)(di)》,2015年3月18日,經中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)養(yang)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)學會(hui)(hui)(hui)七屆三(san)次(ci)常(chang)務理事會(hui)(hui)(hui)討論通過(guo),與沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)政府共(gong)建(jian)“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)之(zhi)(zhi)鄉(xiang)”,并(bing)在(zai)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)“全(quan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品安全(quan)標準化生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)示范(fan)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)場”。沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品更(geng)以(yi)無污染、無公(gong)害走(zou)俏國(guo)(guo)(guo)內(nei)外市場,其中(zhong)(zhong)沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)水(shui)(shui)(shui)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)的(de)“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花”牌蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)獲國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)“國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)有機(ji)食品認證(zheng)”,“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)花”“沁(qin)(qin)(qin)(qin)河(he)浪(lang)花”、蜂(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)商(shang)(shang)標獲“山西(xi)省著名商(shang)(shang)標”。
三.地域范圍
根據(ju)《農產品(pin)地理標(biao)志登(deng)記(ji)管理辦法》的(de)規定(ding)以及(ji)沁水(shui)刺槐蜂蜜(mi)特定(ding)的(de)自(zi)然(ran)生態環境條件,經沁水(shui)縣(xian)畜牧獸醫局研究決定(ding),并廣泛(fan)征(zheng)求有關方面的(de)意見,劃定(ding)沁水(shui)刺槐蜂蜜(mi)地理標(biao)志地域保(bao)護范圍(wei)為(wei):山西(xi)省晉(jin)城市沁水(shui)縣(xian)全(quan)縣(xian)14個鄉鎮,251個行(xing)政(zheng)村(社區(qu)),地理坐標(biao)為(wei)北緯35°24′—36°04′,東經 111°55′--112°47′之間。保(bao)護面積(ji)267660公頃(qing),年生產總量1000噸。
四.產(chan)品品質特(te)性特(te)征
1、產(chan)品各項理化指(zhi)標(biao)及(ji)質量指(zhi)標(biao)等(deng)必須符合中(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國《GB4963-2011蜂蜜(mi)》各項規(gui)定。
2、安(an)全要求:沁水(shui)(shui)刺槐(huai)蜜產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品外(wai)觀特征(zheng)、理(li)化指標(biao)、微生(sheng)物指標(biao)、藥物及(ji)(ji)重金屬殘留指標(biao)必須(xu)符合GB14963-3-2011蜂(feng)(feng)蜜標(biao)準規(gui)(gui)定、飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)符合《NY5027-2001無公(gong)(gong)害食品畜(chu)禽飲(yin)用水(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)質》標(biao)準規(gui)(gui)定,生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)過(guo)程管(guan)理(li)、生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)要求、蜂(feng)(feng)藥使用、蜂(feng)(feng)蜜加工(gong)儲(chu)藏(zang)運(yun)輸(shu)等管(guan)理(li)應符合《GBT21528-2008蜜蜂(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)管(guan)理(li)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、《NY5138-2002無公(gong)(gong)害食品蜜蜂(feng)(feng)飼養獸藥使用準則》、《NYT1241-2006蜂(feng)(feng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)品加工(gong)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)管(guan)理(li)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、《NYT639-2002蜂(feng)(feng)蜜生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)(chan)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)規(gui)(gui)范(fan)》、《NYT5139-2002無公(gong)(gong)害食品蜜蜂(feng)(feng)飼養管(guan)理(li)準則》及(ji)(ji)農(nong)業部(bu)有(you)關規(gui)(gui)定。
五.特定生產方式
1、產地(di)(di)選(xuan)擇(ze)及特定要(yao)求(qiu):生(sheng)產場(chang)址(zhi)應(ying)位于本規(gui)(gui)定第1條“地(di)(di)域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍”規(gui)(gui)定區(qu)域(yu)范(fan)(fan)圍內,海(hai)拔520m至1200m, 土(tu)壤類(lei)(lei)型為(wei)林溶(rong)褐土(tu)和山地(di)(di)褐土(tu),刺槐同花期的(de)其(qi)它蜜源植物不超過15%,選(xuan)擇(ze)地(di)(di)勢高燥、背風向陽、排水良(liang)好、環境幽靜、小氣(qi)候適(shi)宜、交通(tong)便利、水電供應(ying)穩定的(de)場(chang)所,場(chang)地(di)(di)附(fu)近3 千米范(fan)(fan)圍內無蜂蜜加工廠(chang)(chang)、以蜜糖為(wei)生(sheng)產原料的(de)食品廠(chang)(chang)、化工廠(chang)(chang)、農(nong)(nong)藥廠(chang)(chang)及經常(chang)噴灑農(nong)(nong)藥的(de)菜地(di)(di)、果園,嚴(yan)防農(nong)(nong)藥、工業三廢或其(qi)他有害物質(zhi)(zhi)污染蜜粉源,周(zhou)圍空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)符合(he)(he)GB3095中空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)功能區(qu)二類(lei)(lei)區(qu)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu),水質(zhi)(zhi)應(ying)符合(he)(he)NY 5027-2008無公害食品 畜禽飲(yin)用水水質(zhi)(zhi)規(gui)(gui)定。
2、品種(zhong)選擇及(ji)特定要(yao)求:蜜(mi)源植物品種(zhong)為:刺槐花(又名洋槐花)蜜(mi)蜂(feng)品種(zhong)為意(yi)大利蜂(feng)、喀(ka)爾巴(ba)阡蜂(feng)、東(dong)北黑蜂(feng)、喀(ka)尼阿(a)蘭蜂(feng)等西方蜜(mi)蜂(feng)品種(zhong)及(ji)其雜交(jiao)蜂(feng)種(zhong)。采蜜(mi)時間(jian):刺槐蜂(feng)蜜(mi)采集時間(jian)為每(mei)年5月8日至(zhi)5月23日。
3、生產技(ji)術過程管理(li):
①人員要求:蜂產品生產人員必須身體(ti)健康(kang),符合國家(jia)食品生產人員健康(kang)求,傳(chuan)染病患者不得從事蜂產品生產。
②蜂(feng)群(qun)(qun)(qun)要(yao)求:選用(yong)符合生(sheng)產需(xu)要(yao)的優良(liang)高(gao)產蜂(feng)種(zhong)和(he)健(jian)康蜂(feng)群(qun)(qun)(qun),大(da)流蜜(mi)期(qi)前必須調(diao)整蜂(feng)群(qun)(qun)(qun),組織(zhi)強群(qun)(qun)(qun)采(cai)蜜(mi),采(cai)蜜(mi)期(qi)生(sheng)產群(qun)(qun)(qun)群(qun)(qun)(qun)勢必須達到14框以上。患病蜂(feng)群(qun)(qun)(qun)不得用(yong)于生(sheng)產。
③藥物(wu)使用:使用國家(jia)允許的無污染的高效低毒蜂藥防治蜜蜂病蟲(chong)害,嚴格遵循休藥期的管理(li)和嚴格執行休藥期,生產期間不得使用任何違禁藥物(wu)。
④取蜜操作:
a.生產商品蜜前(qian),必(bi)須將(jiang)底蜜(飼料蜜)清理(li)干凈。
b.取蜜一般應(ying)在上午(wu)進行,低溫(wen)(wen)季節,取蜜時(shi)間(jian)應(ying)安排(pai)在中午(wu)溫(wen)(wen)較(jiao)高(gao)的時(shi)間(jian)進行。
c.取蜜時,只(zhi)允許用(yong)吹(chui)風、煙(yan)霧或手(shou)工(gong)驅(qu)趕蜜蜂的方法,嚴禁用(yong)化學藥品(pin)驅(qu)蜂。
d.生產成(cheng)熟蜂(feng),每次取蜜的間隔時間至少5-7天或(huo)自然(ran)封蓋90%以上(shang),確(que)保生產天然(ran)成(cheng)熟蜜。
e.在(zai)取天然成(cheng)熟蜂(feng)蜜時,應用雙層白紗布將天然成(cheng)熟蜂(feng)蜜一次過濾干凈(jing)后,再裝入容(rong)器。
f.取蜜(mi)工具(ju)、儲蜜(mi)容(rong)器(qi)無毒(du)無副作用(yong),工具(ju)、容(rong)器(qi)要消毒(du)清(qing)洗(xi)后再使用(yong)。
g.不(bu)得將(jiang)(jiang)未成熟蜜(mi)在陽光下曝曬、風干(gan),以(yi)提(ti)高濃(nong)度;不(bu)得將(jiang)(jiang)人工加(jia)溫濃(nong)縮蜜(mi)加(jia)入(ru)未成熟蜜(mi)中,以(yi)提(ti)高濃(nong)度,冒(mao)充天(tian)然成熟蜂蜜(mi)。
h.單一花種蜂蜜(mi)要分(fen)別(bie)存(cun)放,使用符(fu)合(he)食品衛生要求(qiu)的裝蜜(mi)容。
i.要做好蜂蜜生產(chan)過(guo)程記錄,生產(chan)過(guo)程記錄應至少保存(cun)2年(nian)以上。
4、產品(pin)收獲(huo)及產后處(chu)理:
①解(jie)晶:溶晶水溫溫度(du)控制在40-50度(du),蜂蜜溫度(du)始終控制在38-43℃,溶晶時(shi)間(jian)不超(chao)過(guo)4小(xiao)時(shi)。
②過(guo)濾(lv):初濾(lv)用60-80目濾(lv)網(wang)進行(xing)粗濾(lv),二次過(guo)濾(lv)用90-120目濾(lv)網(wang)中濾(lv),三次過(guo)濾(lv)用200目濾(lv)網(wang)進行(xing)精濾(lv)。
③濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo):標注為(wei)天然成熟蜜(mi)的蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)不(bu)得使用(yong)機械(xie)濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo)脫水(shui)工藝,蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)自然水(shui)分含量(liang)≤20%。其他(ta)普通蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)采用(yong)機械(xie)真空方法濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo),真空度保持0.09MPa,濃(nong)縮(suo)(suo)后(hou)蜂(feng)(feng)蜜(mi)水(shui)分含量(liang)≤20%。
5、生產記錄要求:
①記錄放(fang)蜂(feng)地(di)點,蜜源種(zhong)類、流蜜、環境和氣(qi)候情況;
②記錄養蜂生(sheng)產(chan)操作(zuo)情況,如(ru):搖蜜、蜂具更換等;
③記(ji)錄蜂群健康情況,如(ru)蜂群發生病(bing)(bing)(bing)害(hai)時(shi),應記(ji)錄蜂病(bing)(bing)(bing)名稱(cheng)或現象描(miao)述、發病(bing)(bing)(bing)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)、使用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)物名稱(cheng)和(he)劑量(liang)、用(yong)藥(yao)(yao)方式和(he)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)等(deng);
④記錄(lu)(lu)蜂(feng)具(ju)消(xiao)毒情況(kuang),如(ru)消(xiao)毒藥物名(ming)稱和劑量(liang)(liang)、消(xiao)毒方式(shi)和時間(jian); ⑤記錄(lu)(lu)蜂(feng)產品(pin)銷售情況(kuang):如(ru)銷售時間(jian)、品(pin)種、數量(liang)(liang)、對象