一.自(zi)然生態環境和(he)人文歷史因(yin)素
(1)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao) 全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)可(ke)耕地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積54.25萬畝,人(ren)均(jun)(jun)耕地(di)(di)(di)近(jin)4.5畝,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)類型分為(wei)五個土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類(山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)棕壤(rang)、褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、草甸土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)、水稻(dao)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)),主要土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)類為(wei)褐(he)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu),占(zhan)(zhan)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)84.32%,分布(bu)于海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)900—2000米(mi)(mi)(mi)的(de)(de)低山(shan)丘(qiu)陵(ling)地(di)(di)(di)區(qu)(qu)和河谷平(ping)川區(qu)(qu)。按(an)全(quan)(quan)國第二次土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)普查,繁峙縣(xian)(xian)土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)壤(rang)總(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)特點是“缺磷少氮(dan)(dan)鉀有余(yu)”,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)耕地(di)(di)(di)養份(fen)狀況是有機質1.62-3.23%、全(quan)(quan)氮(dan)(dan)0.68-0.74%、有效(xiao)磷0.056%、速效(xiao)鉀3-4.6毫(hao)克/100克,屬二級以上耕地(di)(di)(di),非(fei)常適宜胡麻生長。 繁峙縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)處(chu)黃土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu),境內山(shan)巒重疊,丘(qiu)陵(ling)起(qi)伏(fu),東(dong)、南、北三面(mian)環山(shan),滹(hu)沱(tuo)河由東(dong)向(xiang)西貫穿全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)河谷中部(bu)流(liu)向(xiang)代縣(xian)(xian),中部(bu)狹(xia)長的(de)(de)河流(liu)谷地(di)(di)(di)為(wei)忻定盆地(di)(di)(di)北部(bu)邊緣的(de)(de)一部(bu)分,全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)地(di)(di)(di)勢由西向(xiang)東(dong)逐(zhu)漸(jian)增高,平(ping)均(jun)(jun)海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)1000米(mi)(mi)(mi),最高海(hai)(hai)拔(ba)3058米(mi)(mi)(mi),最低700米(mi)(mi)(mi)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)整個大地(di)(di)(di)呈彎弓形狀。境內地(di)(di)(di)形大致可(ke)分為(wei)三類:河谷平(ping)川區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)11.91%)、丘(qiu)陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)24.55%)、石山(shan)區(qu)(qu)(占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)面(mian)積的(de)(de)63.54%)。全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)總(zong)(zong)的(de)(de)地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)特點是平(ping)川少,山(shan)地(di)(di)(di)丘(qiu)陵(ling)多(占(zhan)(zhan)全(quan)(quan)縣(xian)(xian)國土(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)面(mian)積的(de)(de)88.09%),地(di)(di)(di)形地(di)(di)(di)貌(mao)復雜。
(2)水文情況: 全縣(xian)共有兩(liang)大河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu):滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)。滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)海河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)域(yu)子牙(ya)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水系主要支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)一,發源于縣(xian)境東(dong)(dong)部的(de)太(tai)戲山(shan)(shan)下,向西(xi)流(liu)(liu)入代(dai)縣(xian),境內(nei)全長約80公里,有大小支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)15條(tiao);青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)大清(qing)河(he)(he)(he)(he)水系最上游的(de)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)之(zhi)一,由神堂堡(bao)鄉向東(dong)(dong)南流(liu)(liu)入河(he)(he)(he)(he)北省阜平縣(xian)。滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)和(he)青洋(yang)河(he)(he)(he)(he)以及滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)支(zhi)流(liu)(liu)峨河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)長流(liu)(liu)水河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu),其(qi)他河(he)(he)(he)(he)是(shi)季(ji)節性河(he)(he)(he)(he)流(liu)(liu)。縣(xian)內(nei)滹沱(tuo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)階地(di)為(wei)極富(fu)(fu)水區(qu)(qu),兩(liang)邊山(shan)(shan)溝溝谷出口處的(de)洪積扇地(di)帶為(wei)富(fu)(fu)水區(qu)(qu),山(shan)(shan)前丘陵(ling)區(qu)(qu)為(wei)中等富(fu)(fu)水區(qu)(qu)。地(di)下水靜位儲(chu)量25.79億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),調節儲(chu)量1.08億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),動(dong)儲(chu)量3.12億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),開采儲(chu)量4.2億(yi)立方(fang)米(mi)(mi)/年(nian),最大控(kong)制(zhi)深度100-172.17米(mi)(mi)。各類地(di)下水質(zhi)優良,屬輕碳酸鈣鎂型水質(zhi),非常(chang)(chang)適合飲用與灌溉,優質(zhi)豐(feng)富(fu)(fu)的(de)地(di)下水資源非常(chang)(chang)有利于胡麻(ma)的(de)生長。
(3)氣候情況(kuang): 繁(fan)峙縣(xian)屬于暖溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)帶半干(gan)旱大陸性氣候,一(yi)年(nian)四季分(fen)明,春(chun)季干(gan)旱、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、風(feng)大,夏季高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、多(duo)(duo)雨(yu)、日照(zhao)(zhao)長(chang),秋季少雨(yu)、天(tian)高晴爽,冬(dong)季寒(han)冷、少雪、多(duo)(duo)風(feng)。各(ge)地年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)為(wei)5.4℃-9.8℃,全年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)降水(shui)量為(wei)350-1000毫(hao)米(mi),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)(qi)為(wei)90—160天(tian)。一(yi)月最(zui)(zui)冷,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)0— -4.7℃,七月最(zui)(zui)熱,平(ping)均(jun)氣溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)24℃—27.4℃,10℃以(yi)上的年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)積溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)2091.5— 3455.1℃。歷年(nian)平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)總時數為(wei)2906.5小時,最(zui)(zui)多(duo)(duo)年(nian)可達(da)3153.2小時,最(zui)(zui)少年(nian)為(wei)2527.1小時,作(zuo)物生長(chang)季節4-9月份平(ping)均(jun)日照(zhao)(zhao)1588.3小時。年(nian)太陽(yang)總輻射(she)能為(wei)144.3千(qian)(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2,比相(xiang)鄰(lin)的五臺縣(xian)、代縣(xian)分(fen)別(bie)多(duo)(duo)11.4和(he)3.2千(qian)(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2,分(fen)別(bie)比北(bei)京、長(chang)江中(zhong)下游(you)一(yi)帶多(duo)(duo)9.3和(he)29.3千(qian)(qian)卡(ka)/厘(li)米(mi)2。氣候以(yi)風(feng)大、低溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)、降水(shui)變率大,春(chun)旱年(nian)份多(duo)(duo),無霜(shuang)(shuang)期(qi)(qi)短為(wei)主要特點,總之氣候涼爽、降雨(yu)集中(zhong)、西(xi)北(bei)風(feng)長(chang)年(nian)不斷、光照(zhao)(zhao)充(chong)足、晝夜溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)差大這樣的氣候條件正(zheng)好符合胡麻的生產發(fa)育。
二.地域范圍
繁(fan)(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)位于(yu)晉北(bei)(bei)東部。東與(yu)靈丘交界、西(xi)與(yu)代縣(xian)接壤,南與(yu)五臺縣(xian)和河(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)省阜平縣(xian)相(xiang)連,北(bei)(bei)與(yu)應縣(xian)和渾源為(wei)鄰(lin)。繁(fan)(fan)峙(zhi)胡(hu)麻油地(di)理(li)標志產品保護范圍包括繁(fan)(fan)峙(zhi)縣(xian)境內砂(sha)河(he)(he)鎮(zhen)(zhen)、東山(shan)(shan)鄉、金山(shan)(shan)鋪鄉、柏(bo)莊鄉、大營鎮(zhen)(zhen)、橫澗(jian)(jian)鄉6個(ge)鄉鎮(zhen)(zhen)192個(ge)村(cun)(cun),東經(jing)113°24′—113°57′,北(bei)(bei)緯39°04′—39°25′。東至橫澗(jian)(jian)馬跑泉村(cun)(cun),西(xi)至砂(sha)河(he)(he)印子坪村(cun)(cun),北(bei)(bei)至砂(sha)河(he)(he)地(di)卜溝,南至東山(shan)(shan)鄉太平溝村(cun)(cun)。近幾(ji)年(nian)胡(hu)麻年(nian)種植面積保持在980公(gong)頃以上,年(nian)總產1200噸。
三(san).產品品質特性特征
(1)感官特色:色澤金(jin)黃透明、氣味濃香。
(2)理化(hua)指標: a-亞麻酸(suan)含量≥51%,單不(bu)飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸(suan)≥17.9克(ke)/100克(ke),多不(bu)飽(bao)和脂(zhi)肪酸(suan) ≥67.9克(ke)/100克(ke),維生素E≥396.6毫克(ke)/100克(ke)。
(3)質量安全規定:胡麻種(zhong)植農藥(yao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)按(an)GB/T8321.1-9(農藥(yao)合理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準則 其最新版(ban)本(ben)及隨后所有修改(gai)單均(jun)適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)本(ben)標準)和NY/1276-2007(農藥(yao)安全使用(yong)(yong)(yong)規范準則)的規定執行;胡麻種(zhong)植肥料(liao)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)應(ying)符合NY/T496-2010(肥料(liao)合理使用(yong)(yong)(yong)準則 通(tong)則)要求。
四.特定(ding)生產方式
(1)整(zheng)地:秋深耕,冬鎮壓,春季頂凌粑磨(mo),播后根據墑(di)情(qing)進行碾壓等。
(2)施肥(fei)、選種:每畝(mu)施優質農肥(fei)2000公(gong)斤、磷(lin)酸二銨4-5公(gong)斤,過(guo)磷(lin)酸鈣10-15公(gong)斤做底(di)肥(fei),春季(ji)淺(qian)耕時(shi)施在犁溝內,隨后及時(shi)耙耱鎮壓(ya)。選用晉(jin)亞(ya)(ya)7、8、9、10、11號(hao),隴亞(ya)(ya)8、9號(hao)等優良品(pin)種。
(3)播種(zhong):平(ping)均氣溫穩定(ding)通過5℃后,地溫穩定(ding)在8-11℃時(shi)播種(zhong),播種(zhong)方法采用耬(lou)播,行距20-25cm,播種(zhong)量每畝(mu)3-4kg,深度(du)2—3cm,播種(zhong)后整壓。
(4)管(guan)理:播后苗前(qian)遇(yu)雨(yu)及(ji)時破(po)除板結,出苗后及(ji)時中(zhong)(zhong)耕除草(cao)(cao)、間苗、定苗,畝(mu)留苗20萬-25萬株。胡麻現蕾時,進行(xing)一(yi)次中(zhong)(zhong)耕,同時每畝(mu)追施尿素5-8公斤(jin)。 生長后期,人工拔(ba)除田(tian)間雜草(cao)(cao)。
(5)防病:輪作期7年以上防治枯萎病。
(6)收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)、儲存:當(dang)胡麻莖(jing)下部(bu)葉片變黃部(bu)分脫(tuo)落(luo)、有75%的蒴(shuo)果發白變黃、籽粒多數搖動沙沙作響(xiang)時收(shou)獲(huo)(huo),收(shou)獲(huo)(huo)后(hou)曬干脫(tuo)粒得(de)到胡麻籽,合(he)理儲存。
(7)加工流(liu)程:胡麻籽去雜→壓(ya)榨→沉淀→過濾(lv)→灌裝→包(bao)裝貯藏(zang),沉淀時間≥72個(ge)小時,壓(ya)榨溫度(du)≤80℃。